fundamentals of area v1 part 1: receptive fields and maps · 2004-07-09 · tuning curve receptive...
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Fundamentals of area V1Part 1: Receptive fields and maps
Matteo CarandiniSmith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute
www.ski.org/Carandini
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Dowling, 1987 (Fig 1.2)
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Receptive fields in area V1
Hubel and Wiesel, circa 1969 (from Nicholls et al., 1992)
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Responses of a V1 neuron
Hubel and Wiesel, 1959
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Artificial early visual system
www.ini.unizh.ch/~tobi/friend/chip/
Delbruck & Liu, 2004
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Responses of artificial simple cell
Receptive fieldTuning curve
Delbruck & Liu, 2004
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Receptive field of a V1 simple cell
DeAngelis, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1995
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Receptive field of a V1 simple cell
DeAngelis, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1995
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Selectivity for orientation
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Stimuli and receptive fields in space-time
Adelson & Bergen, 1985 Carandini, Heeger & Movshon , 1999
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Separability and direction selectivity
Separable,not direction selective
Inseparable,direction selective
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Space-time receptive fields
DeAngelis, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1995
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V1 simple cell, separable
www.bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/ohzawa-lab/ Ohzawa, DeAngelis & Freeman, 1996
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V1 simple cell, inseparable
www.bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/ohzawa-lab/ Ohzawa, DeAngelis & Freeman, 1996
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How are V1 receptive fields obtained?
DeAngelis, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1995
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Assembly of receptive fieldsin the artificial visual system
ON center ganglion cell(Vm: 2, R: 3)
OFF center ganglion cell(R: 4)
ODD simple cell(Vm: 5, R: 7)
Photoreceptor (1)
Horizontal cell (average photoreceptor value)
EVEN simple cell(Vm: 6, R: 8)
www.ini.unizh.ch/~tobi/friend/chip/ Delbruck & Liu, 2004
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H & W’s feedforward model of simple cells
Visual field Brain
LGNcells
Simplecell
Hubel & Wiesel, 1963
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Receptive field of a V1 complex cell
ON
DeAngelis, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1995
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Receptive field of a V1 complex cell
OFF
DeAngelis, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1995
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H & W’s feedforward model of complex cells
Visual field Brain
Simplecells
Complexcell
Hubel & Wiesel, 1963
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Simple cell responses to a drifting grating
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Responses to a drifting grating
Carandini & Ferster, 2000
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Responses to a drifting grating
Carandini & Ferster, 2000
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Dichotomy of simple and complex cellsComplex Simple
Cat
Monkey
F1/F0Skottun, DeValois, Grosof, Movshon, Albrecht & Bonds , 1991
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Responses to a drifting grating
Carandini & Ferster, 2000
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Dichotomy is created by threshold
Priebe, Mechler, Carandini & Ferster, 2004
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Feedforward model of complex cells
C
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Complex cells as networked simple cells
Low gain
Chance, Nelson & Abbott, 1999
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Complex cells as networked simple cells
C
C
CHigh gain
C
Chance, Nelson & Abbott, 1999
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Complex cells as networked simple cells
Gain = 1
Gain = 5
Gain = 20
Simple
Intermediate
Complex
Chance, Nelson & Abbott, 1999
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Maps
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Cortical representationmeasured with 2-deoxy-glucose
Tootell et al. (1988)
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Complex-log model
Schwartz et al. (1988)Frederick and Schwartz (1990)
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If your eyes see this…
Schwartz et al. (1988)Frederick and Schwartz (1990)
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…your brain maps it to this
Schwartz et al. (1988)Frederick and Schwartz (1990)
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Retinotopy is very precise
Adams & Horton (2003)
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Map of ocular dominancemeasured with radioactive proline
LeVay, Hubel and Wiesel (1975)in Nicholls et al. (1992)
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Optical imaging
•Intrinsic signals•Voltage-sensitive dye
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Map of ocular dominancemeasured with optical imaging
Bonhoeffer & Grinvald (1991)in Nicholls et al. (1992)
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Map of orientation preferencemeasured with optical imaging
Bonhoeffer and Grinvald (1991)in Nicholls et al. (1992)
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Relationship between ocular dominance and orientation preference
Obermayer & Blasdel (1993)
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Connections from LGN may constrainthe map of orientation preference
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Preliminary evidence from tree shrew V1
Mooser, Bosking & Fitzpatrick, Soc Neurosci Abs 2001
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The retinal mosaic may determine orientation preference
Retinal mosaic, X cells
Ringach, 2004
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The retinal mosaic may constrainthe map of orientation preference
Retinal mosaic, X cells
Ringach, 2004
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Summary
• V1 receptive fields in space-time• Wiring of simple cells and complex cells• Maps of selectivity• Constraints on orientation map
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Power law creates dichotomy
Priebe, Mechler, Carandini & Ferster, 2004