fundamentals of electric bus charging
TRANSCRIPT
Fundamentals of electric bus charging
ABB Domestic Sales 05/2016 J Mäkinen
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 1
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Fundamentals of electric bus charging
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 2
ABB Group
eV charging
Fundamentals of eBus Charging
Summary
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
ABB today
Power & Automation
Utilities Transport & InfrastructureIndustry
RenewablesGrid automation / digitalization
MicrogridsSmart upgrades
Electrification penetrationEnergy storage
ProductivityEnergy efficiency
Automation penetrationInternet of Things, Services
and PeoplePower quality / reliability
Emerging markets
UrbanizationData managementElectric transportEnergy efficiency
Power quality / reliabilityDecentralized power generation
Power & Automation “for the site”Power & Automation “for the grid”
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 3
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
ABB Group
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 4
“ABB is a global leader in power and automation technologies.
Potential growth sectors are renewableenergy and electric transportation ”
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
electroMobilization – commercial vehicles
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 5
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Actual:Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, China, Chili, Colombia, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, USA.
Total 3.500 units sold.
ABB DC fast charge installationsProven technology in the field since May 2010
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 6
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
electroMobility in the Future
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 7
The next 5 years, 50 kW chargers will be needed to support mainstream EVs,which will be complemented with high power corridors for premium EVs starting 2017
Automated fast charging systems for electric buses enable true zero emission public transport in cities
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
electroMobilization – commercial vehicles
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 8
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Commercial vehicle’s drivetrains and charging infra
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 9
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Today electric drivetrain is in use on oceanliners, trains and trams, in the closefuture it will be adopted to commercial electric vehicles. ABB has broad rangeof components for both heavy commercial vehicle drivetrains as well as on high power charging infra.
Charging ntw. infraVehicle drivetrain
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
eBus charging solutions
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 10
Opportunity charging• Charging time 15 seconds• Charging power 400 kW/ 200 kW• Energy storage grid connect 50 kW• Automated on-board pantograph• Location each 3-4 stops
Opportunity end-stop charging• Charging time 6-8 minutes• Charging power 150/300/450 kW• Demands typically CSS• Inverted pantograph at station• approaching to Street Parity• Location on each end-stop
Plug based charging AC or DC• Charging time 2-14 hours• Charging power 20-50 kW• AC on-board charge• DC off-board charging• Location depot or end-stop
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
eBus battery and charging configurations
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 11
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Charge mast with pantographStandard ABB mast design
© ABB GroupMay 23, 2016 | Slide 14
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
eBus Rooftop charging rails on end stop charging
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 13
4-pole; plus, minus, ground, pilot
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
eBus end-stop charging pantograph vs inverted
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 14
Inverted pantograph topology+ simplifies eBus –> fleet price lower+ more compact for O&M+ makes electrification of other
vehicles much easier- charging network price
On-board pantograph topology+ simplifies charging stations –>
charging ntw price lower- eBus chassis structure more rigid- positioning accuracy- more demanding for eBus O&M
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 15
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 16
400 V AC20 kV AC
400 - 850 V DC
50 kW
Heavy Vehicle ChargingFull scope
MVSWG SWG Trafo BESS HVCSCADA Depot DriverCare
150 - 450 kW
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Improves usage of the energy system
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 17
New CSS (Compact Secondary Substation) may be necassary if sufficient power is not available for end-stop charging
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Scenario: end-stop fast charging for all vehicles
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 18
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Usage of the charging network can be optimized
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 19
interoperativity with other heavy electric vehicles on slow hours such as street keeping and distribution vehicles improve usage % of the system
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
In the design of the charging network
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 20
there are four main points to consider.
• Existing electric network may define available installation locations
• The existing city and bus operator demands versus capacity, timing & routes
• How to achieve maximal up-time for all commercial vehicles, not just electric busses
• Whether the installation location has the adequate available space for larger vehicles
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
eBus project’s key players and factors
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 21
PTA*
PTO*Fleet financing
eBus OEM*
Charging infraprovider
Prev maintenanceCharging infra
ChargingOperator*
DSO*
TSO*
Utility*
Road ntw dept
Cityscape dept*
City mgt*
eBus maintenace & repair
Gov support
Road maintenance
Climateforecast
Public services Fleet operating
Charging infraEnergy system
Public traffic route planning
Depending on project ABB provides and co-operates (*) with most of the players
Connected servicesMedium Voltage HW
Energy market.
Drivers towards clean city traffic
Standardization*
HEV OEM*
User groups
SCADACSSEnergy storages
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Fundamentals of electric bus charging Why eBuses are attractive application?
Routes and loads are well known - fixed - less variations Reducing emissions both – decibels and particles & smell User experience is superior – silent ride Improves usage of the energy system Reduces oil import dependence Usage of the charging network can be optimized Reduces heavy traffic on day time Puts more pressure to develop vehicles Vehicle to Grid at depot – supports energy system
Connects cityscape planning, DSO, Utilities, PTA, PTO in a new way Challenges: standardization - public purchasing
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 22
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Open industry standards are key to successIndustry is working on global & EU standardization
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 23
Automated connection system
High power DC transfer to bus
Wireless communication to bus
Based on
EN/IEC 61851-23
ISO/IEC 15118
Industrial quality power cabinet
150kW, 300kW & 450 kW modular
Redundancy per each 150kW module
400-850 VDC
Galvanic isolation
Remote management
StandardizationGoals
• Safety• Automotive quality
• Interoperability• Prevent technology lock-in
• Reduce cost• Attractive for end
customer
Passenger cars (2011)
CCS-2 connector
Electric buses (2015-2016)
Depot charging (CCS-2 connector)
and Automated Connection System with
pantograph
Supported by:
EU
EN/IEC 61851-23 ISO/IEC 15118 DIN70121
ECV final seminar & NEBI2 programm, Session 5: Electric bus chargingFundamentals of electric bus charging, J. Mäkinen, ABB
Summary
end-stop charging will presumably be predominat choice
inverted pantograph on automated charging stations is more cost effective than roof top pantograph on each vehicle
charging network must be open for other heavy vehicles for higher usage and TCO
Standardization of automated and plug based charging is necessary for compatibility
© ABB Group May 23, 2016 | Slide 24