fundamentals of industrial hygiene 6 th edition chapter 8: particulate matter compiled by allen...
TRANSCRIPT
Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene
6th Edition
Chapter 8:Particulate Matter
Compiled by Allen Sullivan,
Assistant Professor, Safety and Health ManagementCentral Washington University
Introduction
• Background• historical notes• route of entry• labeling
• nuisance dusts• PNOC• PNOR
• nanoparticles• pneumoconiosis
Basic Concepts and Examples
• Particle Deposition Mechanisms• inertial impaction• interception• sedimentation• electrostatic attraction• diffusion
• Brownian movement
Particle Size Distributions
• Particle Size Distributions• particle cloud• particle size
• monodisperse• polydisperse
• particle concentration• particle count• particle mass• particle surface area
Determining Acceptable Exposure
• Critical Factors• chemical composition• isotopic composition• crystalline structure• shape of particle• size of particle
• aerodynamic equivalent diameter
• dose• exposure limits
• references• time bases
Determining Acceptable Exposure (cont.)
• Critical Factors (cont.)• pre-existing health/genetics• concurrent exposure
• non-interactive• additive• synergistic
Biological Reactions
• Biological Reactions• sensory irritation• rapid, shallow breathing• lung edema• acute/chronic bronchitis• allergic sensitization• fibrosis• emphysema• systemic toxicity• lymphatic toxicity• oncogenesis• infection• metal fume fever
Engineered Nanoparticles
• Engineered Nanoparticles• four characteristics• chemical and physical behavior• crossing anatomical barriers
1 mg of particles of 1 nm3 has the same surface area as 1 kg of particles of 1 mm3
Various forms of nano zinc oxide.
Sampling Particulate Matter
• Sampling Particulate Matter• air samples• surface samples• biological samples
• Types of Air Samples• breathing zone sampling• general air sampling
• Analysis of PM Samples• microscopic counting• respirable mass fraction
Specific PM Sampling (cont.)
• Diesel Particulate Matter• Engineered Nanoparticles• Isokinetic Sampling
Specific PM Sampling (cont.)
• Surface Sampling• dry swipe• wet swipe• vacuum collection• lift tape• direct-read instruments
Analysis of Air Samples
• Analysis of Air Samples• Metals
• spectroscopic analysis
• Free-Crystalline Silica• infrared spectrophotometry• powder x-ray diffraction
Analysis of Air Samples (cont.)
• Asbestos• issues
• non-specific• resolution• fiber counting• fiber size
Analysis of Air Samples (cont.)
• Radioactive Particles• scintillator• Geiger-Mueller tube• liquid scintillation
• Gravimetric Analysis• methodology
Analysis of Air Samples (cont.)
• Microorganisms• viability• lack of specificity
• Organic Particles• gas chromotography