Fundamentals of Microbiology

Course code: BSC

Credit Hour: 3(3+0)

•History and scope

•Microscopy

•Prokaryotic cell structure and function

•Microbial nutrition

•Microbial Growth

•Control of microbial growth

•Microbial metabolism

•Mycology

•Virology and viriod and prions

•Microbial taxonomy

•Microbial genetic

•Medical microbiology and epidemiology

•Environmental microbiology

•Applied microbiology

•Advanced microbiology

Marks Distribution

• Tests and Exams:– First sessional 10 %– Second sessional 15 %– Class quiz 07 %– Class participation 03 %– Minor assignments 05 %– Assignments 10 %

and Presentation– Terminal Exam 50 %

• Bonus Assignment extra 2 marks

Recommended Books

• MICROBIOLOGY Prescott et al., (6th edition)

• MICROBIOLOGY Jacquelyn G. Black7th Edition

• FOUNDATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY Kathleen Park Talaro 5th Edition

• INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Ingraham (3rd Edition)

Scope of Microbiology

Study of Microorganisms

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Algae

• Protozoans

• Viruses

• Helminths

Why Study Microbiology?

• Benefits

• Harms

Ecosystem

Industry

Medicine

Research & Genetic Engineering

Food

Human-microbes symbiotic relationship

Food spoliage

Diseases

DIVISIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY

A. Organisms studied• Bacteriology • Mycology • Phycology• Protozoology• Virology • Parasitology

B. Processes, Functions• Microbial metabolism• Microbial genetics• Microbial ecology

DIVISIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY

C. Health related• Etiology identification of causative

agent of disease

• Epidemiology study of spread of disease

• Immunology study of immune system

• Chemotherapy treatment of disease with chemical compounds

• Infection control of spread of infectious control disease

Highlights in the history of microbiology

• 1674 Van Leeuwenhoek discovers microorganisms

• 1796 Jenner creates a vaccine for smallpox• 1847 Pasteur disproves spontaneous

generation of microorganism• 1876 Lister introduced antiseptic techniques• 1881 Koch proves that specific

microorganism cause specific disease• 1892 Iwanowski discovers viruses• 1929 Fleming discovers penicillin• 1983 Stanley Prusiner discovers HIV virus• 1995 First complete genome sequence

Haemophilus influenza

Discovery of microbes

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

1. Used simple instrument to examine stagnant H2O, etc.

2. Observed microscopic organisms - called them “animalcules”

3. Question raised - where did they originate ?

Edward Jenner – Smallpox Vaccine (1796)

Spontaneous Generation

1. Theory of Spontaneous GenerationLiving organisms arose “spontaneously” from nonliving,

decaying organic matter.

2. Theory of Non-spontaneous Generation

Francis Redi1. Life originate from complex forms of life

2. Utilized jars containing meat. Some were covered, some were not.

3. Maggots appeared in uncovered jars

Redi’s Experiment

Have a break

Non spontaneous generationSwan-necked flasks finally proved that microorganisms do not

arise by spontaneous generation.

"Koch's postulates“ (1884)

The critical test for the involvement of a microorganism in a disease:

1. The agent must be present in every case of the disease.

2. The agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro.

3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the agent is inoculated into a susceptible host.

4. The agent must be recoverable from the experimentally-infected host.