funded by: eco-hydrological modelling
TRANSCRIPT
Eco-hydrological modelling
Estimating the impact of climate variability and anthropogenic forcings in hydrological processes
Christoforos Pappas ([email protected]) and Paolo Burlando ([email protected])Institute of Environmental Engineering IfU, Hydrology and Water Resources Management, ETH Zurich
Funded by:
a. Core module: hydrological model TOPKAPI-ETH
b. Forest-landscape model: vegetation dynamics
c. Water quality model: nutrients and pollutants
Eco-
hydr
olog
ical m
odell
ing:
2.Co
uplin
g TOP
KAPI
-ETH
with
LPJ-G
UESS
Eco-
hydr
olog
ical m
odell
ing:
1.Th
eore
tical
Fram
ewor
k
Eco-hydrological model = a + b + cCoupling the hydrological model with the vegetation component
+
1. Sensitivity analysis of LPJ-GUESSInvestigate the most important - sensitive parameters of the model
2. External couplingThe models will run separately, but TOPKAPI-ETH will be fed with some se-lected !uxes from LPJ-GUESS simulation (throughfall, interception evapora-tion and transpiration) and will return to LPJ-GUESS the soil water content.
3. Full coupling based on constant values of biomass and leaf area index (LAI)The evapotranspiration component will be calculated within TOPKAPI-ETH following the approach of LPJ-GUESS but using constant values of biomass and LAI for a period of 5 years.
4. Full couplingInclude calculations of biomass and LAI in TOPKAPI-ETH and enable long-term runs without inputs from LPJ-GUESS.
The eco-hydrological model:
The main goal of the eco-hydrological model is to simulate the changes of the hydrological response due to land-use changes and climate variability.
The core module will be the physically based distributed hydrological model, TOPKAPI-ETH which is derived from the original model proposed by (Ciarapica and Todini, 2002; Liu and Todini, 2002; Liu et al., 2005). It will be integrated with new com-ponents to simulate speci"c hydrological ecosys-tem services related to vegetation dynamics and transport of nutrients and pollutants.
For the vegetation component, we will use the LPJ-GUESS model (Smith et al., 2001; Sitch et al., 2003) which is appropriate for describing the evo-lution of vegetation in response to climate condi-tions.
Transport processes of nutrients and pollutants will be modelled at the basin scale following a mass-response function approach proposed by Rinaldo et al., 2006 a, b.
Expected Results
Interfacing distributed watershed models with landscape and veg-etation models as well as with transport models can provide an in-tegrated modelling tool to mimic the complex interaction between hydrological and ecological systems and to explore the e#ects of anthropogenic forcings on it.
The eco-hydrological model will be interfaced with an approach describing the transport processes of nitrogen and phosphorous on the basis of residence and travel time.
A vegetation dynamics module will be embedded in the "nal version of the eco-hydrological model and will allow to mimic the catchment response accounting for the dy-namic evolution of the vegetation.
TOPKAPI-ETH is a raster based model which allows for spa-tially and temporally explicit simulation of the basin processes, such as soil water dynamics, overland and chan-nel !ow, surface and channel erosion, evapotranspiration, snowmelt, etc.
ReferencesCiarapica, L., and Todini, E., 2002. TOPKAPI: a model for the representation of the rainfall-runo! process at di!erent scales, Hydrological Processes 16 (2): 207-229.Gerten D., Schapho! S., Haberlandt U., Lucht W., Sitch S., 2004. Terrestrial vegetation and water balance: hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model. Journal of Hydrology 286:249–270.Liu, Z., Martina, M.L.V. and Todini, E., 2005. Flood forecasting using a fully distributed model: application of the TOPKAPI model to the Upper Xixian Catchment, HESS 9 (4): 347-364.Liu, Z. Y., and Todini, E., 2002. Towards a comprehensive physically-based rainfall-runo! model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 6 (5): 859-881.Rinaldo, A., Bertuzzo, E., Botter, G., Settin, T., Ucceli, A. and Marani, M., 2006a. Transport at Basin scales 1. Theoretical Framework, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 10: 19-29.Rinaldo, A., Bertuzzo, E., Botter, G., Settin, T., Ucceli, A. and Marani, M., 2006b. Transport at Basin scales 2. Applications, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 10: 31-48.Sitch, S., Smith, B., Prentice, I.C., Arneth, A., Bondeau, A., Cramer, W., Kaplan, J., Levis, S., Lucht, W., Sykes, M., Thonicke, K. & Venevsky, S. 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and ter- restrial carbon cycling in the LPJ Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Global Change Biology 9: 161-185.Smith, B., Prentice, I.C. and Sykes, M.T., 2001. Representation of vegetation dynamics in the modeling of terrestrial ecosystems: comparing two contrasting approaches within European climate space, Global Ecol. Biogeography, 10 (6), 621-637.
Source: Gerten et al. 2004
Research Question
To understand the joint e#ect of climate and land use changes on catchment hydrology and the related ecosystem services, including feedback mechanisms.