fundraising wikipedia english

8/13/2019 FUNDRAISING Wikipedia English

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FUNDRAISING Wikipedia English

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising

Fundraising or fund raising (also development ) is the process of soliciting and

gathering contributions as money or other resources , by requesting donations from individuals,

businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies (see also crowd funding ).

Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is

sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of

capital for for-profit enterprises. Traditionally, fundraising consisted mostly of asking for

donations on the street or at people's doors, and this is experiencing very strong growth in the

form of face-to-face fundraising , but new forms of fundraising such as online fundraising have

emerged in recent years, though these are often based on older methods such as grassroots

fundraising .

Contenido

[ocultar ]

1 Organizations

o 1.1 Professional fundraisers

o 1.2 Religious organizations

o 1.3 Political campaigns

o 1.4 Public broadcasting

2 Taxation

3 Types

4 Relationship building

5 Events

6 Capital campaigns

7 See also

8 Notes and references 9 External links

[editar ]Organizations

Fundraising is a significant way that non-profit organizations may obtain the money for their

operations. These operations can involve a very broad array of concerns such

as religious or philanthropic groups such as research organizations, public broadcasters ,

and political campaigns .
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Some examples of charitable organizations include student scholarship merit awards

for athletic or academic achievement, humanitarian concerns, disaster relief, human

rights , research , and other social issues.

[editar ]Professional fundraisers

Many non-profit organizations take advantage of the services of professional fundraisers. These

fundraisers may be paid for their services either through fees unrelated to the amounts of

money to be raised, or by retaining a percentage of raised funds (percentage-based

compensation). The latter approach is expressly forbidden under the Code of Ethics of the

Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP), a professional membership body .[1] However,

by far the most common practice of American non-profits is to employ a staff person whose

main responsibility is fund raising. This person is paid a salary like any other employee, and is

usually a part of the top management staff of the organization.

Some non-profit organizations nonetheless engage fundraisers who are paid a percentage of

the funds they raise. In the United States, this ratio of funds retained to funds passed on to the

non-profit is subject to reporting to a number of state's Attorneys General .[2] This ratio is highly

variable and subject to change over time and place, and it is a point of contention between a

segment of the general public and the non-profit organizations.

The term "professional fundraiser" is in many cases a legislated term referring to third-party

firms whose services are contracted for; whereas "fundraising professionals" or development

officers are often individuals or staff at charitable non-profits. Although potentially confusing, thedistinction is an important one to note.

[editar ]Religious organizations

Equally important are fundraising efforts by virtually every recognized religious group throughout

the world. These efforts are organized on a local, national, and global level. Sometimes, such

funds will go exclusively toward assisting the basic needs of others, while money may at other

times be used only for evangelism . Usually, religious organizations mix the two, which can

sometimes cause tension.

[editar ]Political campaigns
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US President Barack Obama 's campaign team organised a record-breaking fundraising effort in 2008 based

on grassroots fundraising

Fundraising also plays a major role in political campaigns . This fact, despite

numerous campaign finance reform laws, continues to be a highly controversial topicin American politics. Political action committees (PACs) are the best-known organizations that

back candidates and political parties , though others such as 527 groups also have an impact.

Some advocacy organizations conduct fundraising for or against policy issues in an attempt to

influence legislation.

[editar ]Public broadcasting

While public broadcasters are completely government-funded in much of the world, there are

many countries where some funds must come from donations from the public. Pledge

drives commonly occur about three times each year, usually lasting one to two weeks eachtime. Viewership and listenership often declines significantly during funding periods, so special

programming may be aired in order to keep regular viewers and listeners interested.

[editar ]Taxation

Organizations in the United States established for charitable purposes are allowed to raise

funds from many sources. They are given a specific designation by the Internal Revenue

Service (IRS), commonly noted as 501(c)(3) organizations. Other nonprofits such as fraternal

associations have different IRS designations, and may or may not be eligible to raise funds.

Financial information on many nonprofits, including all nonprofits that file annual IRS 990 forms

is available from GuideStar .

[editar ]Types

Many non-profit organizations receive some annual funding from a financial endowment , which

is a sum of money that is invested to generate an annual return. Although endowments may be

created when a sizable gift is received from an individual or family , often as directed in

a will upon the death of a family member, they more typically are the result of many gifts over

time from a variety of sources.

Non-profit organizations also raise funds through competing for grant funding. Grants are

offered by governmental units and private foundations/ charitable trusts to non-profit

organizations for the benefit of all parties to the transaction.

A capital campaign is when fundraising is conducted to raise major sums for a building or

endowment, and generally keep such funds separate from operating funds. These campaigns

encourage donors to give more than they would normally give and tap donors, especially

corporations and foundations who would not otherwise give.
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Special events are another method of raising funds. These range from formal dinners to benefit

concerts to walkathons . Events are used to increase visibility and support for an organization as

well as raising funds .[3]

While fundraising often involves the donation of money as an out-right gift, money may also begenerated by selling a product of some kind, also known as product fundraising . Girl Scouts of

the USA are well-known for selling cookies in order to generate funds. It is also common to see

on-lin e impulse sales links to be accompanied by statements that a proportion of proceeds will

be directed to a particular charitable foundation.

When goods or professional services are donated to an organization rather than cash, this is

called an in-kind gift.

A number of charities and non-profit organizations are increasingly using the internet as a

means to raise funds; this practice is referred to as online fundraising. For example,

the NSPCC operates a search engine which generates funds via Pay per click links, and Better

The World operates tools allowing funds to be raised via members viewing ethical ads on a

browser sidebar and/or blog widget .[4]

Some of the most substantial fundraising efforts in the United States are conducted by colleges

and universities. Commonly the fundraising, or "development" / "advancement," program,

makes a distinction between annual fund appeals and major campaigns. Most institutions use

professional development officers to conduct fundraising appeals for both the entire institution

or individual colleges and departments. Examples of this include athletics [5] and libraries .[6]

The donor base (often called a file) for higher education includes alumni, parents, friends,

private foundations, and corporations. Gifts of appreciated property are important components

of such efforts because the tax advantage they confer on the donor encourages larger gifts. The

process of soliciting appreciated assets is called planned giving.

The classic development program at institutions of higher learning include prospect

identification ,prospect research and verification of the prospect's viability, cultivation, solicitation,

and finally stewardship, the latter being the process of keeping donors informed about how past

support has been used.

[editar ]Relationship building

Often called donor cultivation, relationship building is the foundation on which most fundraising

takes place .[7] Most development strategies divide donors into categories based on annual gifts.

For instance, major donors are those that give at the highest level of the organization's

fundraising scale and mid-level donors are in the middle.

More sophisticated strategies use tools to overlay demographic and other market

segmentation data against their database of donors in order to more precisely customize
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communication and more effectively target resources .[8] Research by Peter Maple in the

UK[9] shows that charities generally underinvest in good marketing research spending around a

quarter of what an equivalent sized for profit company might spend.

Donor relations and stewardship[10]

professionals support fundraisers by recognizing andthanking donors in a fashion that will cultivate future giving to nonprofit organizations.

The Association of Donor Relations Professionals (ADRP )[11] is the first community of

stewardship and donor relations professionals in the United States and Canada.

Recent research by Adrian Sargeant and the Association of Fundraising Professionals'

Fundraising Effectiveness Project suggests the sector has a long way to go in improving the

quality of donor relations. The sector generally loses 50 60% of its newly acquired donors

between their first and second donations and one in three, year on year thereafter. The

economics of regular or sustained giving are rather different, but even then organizationsroutinely lose 30% of their donors from one year to the next . [12]

[editar ]Events

Band Aid (1984), Live Aid (1985) and Sport Aid (1986), for famine relief in Ethiopia

Walk Against Want in Australia

Red Nose Day in the United Kingdom

Christian Aid Week in the United Kingdom and Ireland

If Day (1942) in Canada [editar ]Capital campaigns

This section does not cite any references or sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced materialmay be challenged and removed . (December 2010)

Capital campaigns are the most common way non profit organizations raise the funds

necessary for special large projects, such as a new building or a permanent endowment. A

capital campaign is an intensive, time-limited effort usually engaging volunteer leadership, and

seeking a larger-than-usual sum of money from the perspective of the nonprofit. A typical capital

campaign might last 18 months, with a pledge payment period of 3 5 years. Individual donors

are most likely to give to a capital campaign, but sometimes pledges may be secured from

corporate donors or foundations. Most non profits consider hiring an outside consulting firm for

a capital campaign rather than hiring or utilizing internal staff, since such campaigns are

periodic in nature rather than continuous. The consulting firm is typically paid a flat fee rather

than a percentage of the funds raised, and capital campaigns are among the most cost effective

of fund raising activities.
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United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Aid_Weekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Relief_(charity)#Red_Nose_Dayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk_Against_Wanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_reliefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_Aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Band_add_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundraising&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Sargeanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Donor_Relations_Professionalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Maple&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_note-nonprofittimes-7


6/6

[editar ]See also

Accountable Fundraising

American Institute of Philanthropy

Crowd funding

Direct mail fundraising

Friendraising

Fundraiser

Grassroots fundraising

Institute of Fundraising (IoF) UK professional membership body for fundraising

Moneybomb

Street fundraising (including face-to-face and door-to-door fundraising)

[editar ]Notes and references

1. ^ "Code of Ethics" . Association of Fundraising Professionals. Archived from the original on 2006-

12-06. Retrieved 2007-01-23.

2. ^ For example, "Active Charity Promotions in Kentucky" . Retrieved October 9, 2005.

3. ^ "Events - How to organise an event to raise money/awareness for your organisation" .

KnowHow NonProfit. Retrieved 16 July 2010.

4. ^ "Alabama Charity Blog" . Retrieved April 22, 2010.

5. ^ Barnes, C., H. Rice, and I. Sturrock, "On the Offense: Three Athletic Fund-Raisers Tell How

They Score." CASE Currents , December 1981, 12-18.

6. ^ Lorenzen, Michael. (2009). Academic Library Development Officers in Fund Raising: How They

Perceive Their Work , VDM Verlag Dr. Mller , ISBN 3639193733

7. ^ Yonker, Larry; McGinty, Chuck; Donaldson, Devlin (June 2002). "The Kingdom

Currency" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-06-22.

8. ^ "Useful Past Tips: Marketing" . Nonprofit Times. Retrieved 2007-06-22.

9. ^ Maple P,(2003) Marketing Strategy for Effective Fundraising, DSC

10. ^ "Stewardship & Donor Relations," Entrepreneur.com

11. ^ Association of Donor Relations Professionals

12. ^ Sargeant A and Jay E (2004) Building Donor Loyalty, Jossey Bass, San Francisco.
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nker.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-elevationgroup_6-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3639193733http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDM_Verlag_Dr._M%C3%BCllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-4http://alabamacharity.wordpress.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-3http://www.knowhownonprofit.org/funding/fundraising/events/eventshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-2http://ag.ky.gov/cp/active.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-ratioexample_1-0http://www.afpnet.org/ka/ka-3.cfm?content_item_id=1068&folder_id=897http://web.archive.org/web/20061206142837/http:/www.afpnet.org/ka/ka-3.cfm?content_item_id=1068&folder_id=897http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraising#cite_ref-afpcodeofethics_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundraising&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_fundraisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneybombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Fundraisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassroots_fundraisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundraiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendraisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_mail_fundraisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowd_fundinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Philanthropyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountable_Fundraisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundraising&action=edit&section=11

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