fungal diversity of victoria park reserved...
TRANSCRIPT
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FUNGAL DIVERSITY OF VICTORIA PARK RESERVED
FOREST BHAVNAGAR, GUJARAT, INDIA
NIKITASINH GOHIL1 AND DEVENDRA SOLANKI2
1MICROBILOGY DEPARTMENT,
SIR P.P INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, BHAVNAGAR,
2DEPARTMERT OF LIFE SCIENCES,
M.K BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY, BHAVNAGAR.
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT:
In Biodiversity, environmental and biological significance of fungi makes its
study valuable and useful. Here, there is first record of fungal diversity was
carried out during the period of July 2012 to November 2014 from Victoria
Park reserved forest, Bhavnagar. Sampling of fungi has been done only in the
month of July to November. There is total 15 species of fungi belonging from
Phylum Basidiomycota and from 10 families were recorded. Here, there is 3-3
species from the family Polyporaceae & Tricholomataceae, 2 from
Marasmiaceae family and each species from families Daxrymycetaceae,
Agaricaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Plutaceae, Polyporales, Schizophyllaceae,
Pleurotaceae has been recorded.
KEY WORDS: Reserved forest, Fungal diversity, Macro fungi.
INTRODUCTION:
Fungi plays most important factor in the forest ecosystem having many
beneficial and harmful effects. Although fungi are very essential in nature
basic information about its numbers of species differs a lot. A very limited and
unfinished detail is available. 1.5 million Estimated fungal species is generally
used, critics have questioned about its validity of its estimates, which is very
fundamental implications in evolutionary biology. Victoria Park is one of the
oldest men made reserved forest Bhavnagar city. The Park bears tremendous
variety of life, for that reasons the studies on birds, plants, insects, and other
macro fauna has been already done in this area but there is no proper attention
Universal Impact
Factor0.9285:2012;
1.2210:2013
Index Copernicus
ICV 2011: 5.09
ICV 2012: 6.42
ICV 2013: 15.8
NAAS Rating
2012 : 1.3;
2013-2014:2.69
Received on:
25th March 2015
Revised on:
23th June 2015
Accepted on:
25th June 2015
Published on:
1st July 2015
Volume No.
Online & Print
65 (2015)
Page No.
88 to 93
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paid by the researchers on microbial life. There is approximately 422 different species of plants in Park
area. An analysis of macro fungal diversity has been undertaken for the first time. Average rainfall of this
area is about 600 mm, so in the rainy seasons the dry wooden substrates provide huge ground for growing
fungi. Different colours and shapes of those unique creatures attracts for their study. The results shows
that fungal species richness was much high during August and September in the Park.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
ABOUT SITE
Victoria Park is a reserved forest (21044’48″N7207’54″E), located in a middle of the city, near Jewells
circle, RTO road. Victoria Park is a thorny forest, having variety of trees, shrubs, grasses and xerophytes.
SAMPLING PROTOCOLS
The study was carried out during the period of July 2012 to November 2014. Sampling time is usually
after rain when the moisture is present in the atmosphere. The transect method was applied for the study
of fungal diversity. A 1 km2 transects were laid in the Park area. The toughened part of the work is to
identify and maintained the fleshy fungi as it is easily became dry and decay and its features were
destroyed which are very important for its microscopic identification.
Records were taken on the basis of spore print, macro-chemicals tests, photographs and written
descriptions including microscopic assessments. Impression of spore and its color has been taken into
consideration, mushroom guide were used which is very important criteria to classify the macro fungi
during the field work.
MACRO FUNGI SAMPLING
The sample from different locations was collected with different types of samplers. Care must be taken to
avoid the dehydration of the sample by using foil which also protects the delicate samples. All the macro
fungi were kept in cold to avoid drying and dehydration until the descriptions and details have been
taken. Specimens were carried in boxes with separate paper bags and newspaper to reduce the physical
damage and to avoid freezing in refrigerator.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Total 15 species of fungi was recorded during the work. Victoria Park is one of the oldest manmade
forests of India. It covers about 500 acres of area, having enormous forms of life as well as best climatic
conditions and notable fluctuations in the physical parameters were found during the work. The hottest
summer is about 380 C ~ 410 C, where else in winter it becomes down up to 80 C ~ 230 C. In monsoon the
average temperature is noted about 230 C ~ 330 C. A small lake is found in the Park area, the
Krishnakunj Lake. The Lake Krishnakunj Lake which is circular in shape with radius of about 100
meters and getting seepage water from Bortalav reservoir nearby, being within the park plays a
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considerable role in sustaining flora and fauna of the park. This paper indicates the analysis of recent data
where the further future research should be intended.
CONCLUSION:
Here 3-3 species from the family Polporaceae & Tricholomataceae, 2 from Marasmiaceae family and
each species from families Daxrymycetaceae, Agaricaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Plutaceae, Polyporales,
Schizophyllaceae, Pleurotaceae has been recorded. Diversity of macro fungi had showed the variations in
species in the reserved forests area, these fungi can be beneficial for organisms. Macrofungi collection by
local people is not common for a food supply because of high species variations in poisonous species
than compare to edible species.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
This research was conducted in the various sites Victoria Park. We are thankful to forest department of
Bhavnagar district for given us a permission to work in the park area. Special thanks to our institution and
collogues who support us.
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Table.1 Check list of Fungi (Phylum- Basidiomycota) of Victoria Park reserved forest and Mycological
& Microscopic characteristics of recorded Fungi
No. Species
Name
Common
name
Mycological characteristics Microscopic
characteristics
Cap Stipe hymenium Spore
Spore
Family -Polyporaceae
1 Polyporus
squamosus
Bracket fungi depressed Bare decurrent white Oblong-
ellipsoidal,
smooth
2 Trametes
suaveolens
Frangrant
bracket fungus
buff lacks Decurrent white Allantoids,
smooth
3 Dichomitus
campestris
Favolus
campestris
No
distinct
cylind
rical
------ white Elongated-
ellipsoidal,
smooth
Family -Dacrymycetaceae
4 Calocera
cornea
Jelly fungi/
small
stagshorn
fungus
No
distinct
Bare smooth white Ellipsoidal
to sausage
shaped,
smooth
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No. Species
Name
Common
name
Mycological characteristics Microscopic
characteristics
Cap Stipe hymenium Spore
Spore
Family –Agaricaceae
5 Coprinus
comatus
Ink caps/
shaggy mane
conical ,
white
with
shaggy
scales
Havin
g
loose
ring
gills on
hymenium
black-
brown
Ellipsoidal
, smooth
Family -Hygrophoraceae
6 Gliophorus
lilacipes
Hygrocybe
lilacipes
conical cylind
rical
decurrent white Ovoid,
smooth
Family -Pluteaceae
7 Pluteus
leoninus
Lion shield
fungi
convex Bare free salmon Globular,
smooth
Family -Marasmiaceae
8 Marasmiellu
s ramealis
Twing
parachute
fungus
Convex
& flat on
maturity
Bare adnate white Smooth,
cylindrical
or bean
shaped
9 Marasmius
rotula
Collared
mushroom
convex Bare free White Smooth,
more or
less
elliptical
Family -Polyporaceae
10 Polyporus
brumalis
Gilled
Mushroom
Broadly
convex
Bare adnate white Cylindrica
l, smooth
Family -Schizophyllaceae
11 Schizophyllum
commune
Split gills
fungus
Offset or
indistinct
Lacks decurrent white Cylindrica
l to
elliptical,
smooth
Family -Tricholomataceae
12 Tricholoma
sciodes
Beeck knight
mushroom
Convex
or flat
Bare gilled white Smooth,
ellipsoidal
13 Collybia
cirrhata
Gilled
mushroom
Convex
or flat
Bare adnate white Smooth,
ellipsoid
to
subacrymo
id
14 Collybia
cookei
Gilled
mushroom
Convex
or flat
Bare adnate white Smooth,
ellipsoid
Family -Pleurotaceae
15 Pleurotus
ostreatus
Oyster
Mushroom
offset Bare decurrent Whitish
or
greyish
Smooth,
cylindrical
to
narrowly
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Pic.1 Map of Victoria Park reserved forest Pic.3 view of Park from watchtower
Pic.2 Photographs of recorded fungi of Victoria Park reserved forest