fungicides. disease control exclusion keeping pathogen out quarantine equipment cleaned and...
TRANSCRIPT
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FUNGICIDES
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Disease Control
ExclusionKeeping pathogen outQuarantine Equipment cleaned and sterilized
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Disease Control
EradicationEliminate or destroySanitationDifficult to achieve 100%
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Disease Control
ResistanceResistance is geneticTolerance is ability to endure
Still infected
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Disease Control
AvoidancePrevent contact between host and pathogenModify environment
Planting time
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Disease Control
ProtectionChemicalBarrier that prevents infection
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FUNGICIDES
Fungicides kill or inhibit fungiInhibit growth and reproduction
Fungistatic
Not all fungicides are curative Some only preventative
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CONTACT FUNGICIDES
Active on leaf surfaceInhibit fungal growthControl for 7 to 14
daysRapidly degrade
Light, MO, and exposure
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CONTACT FUNGICIDES
Was most common fungicides Re-registration cost
Less expensiveBroad range of controlLess resistance
Multiple MOA
Leaf spot diseases
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PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Enter plant tissueProvide longer protection than contacts at
lower ratesAs long as 21 to 28 days
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PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of PenetrantsLocalized, little or no movement in the plant
Translaminar moves across leaf blade Mesostemic moves into cuticle and epidermis
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PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of PenetrantsAcropetal, upward translocation
Majority of penetrants are acropetal
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PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of PenetrantsSystemic, true systemic up and downward
movement Fosetyl-al (common name)
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FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Selection of tolerant fungi by using the same class of chemical Same mode of action (MOA)
Fungal pathogens that produce more spores more susceptible to developing resistance Botrytis, powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust
Rotate fungicide classes http://www.frac.info codes
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FRAC Code
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FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Contact prevent fungal growth by interrupting >2 growth processes
Penetrants often interrupt only 1 process
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FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Humans (Disease)Alien (Contact fungicide)
3 MOA Spit acid Tail spear Mouth #2
If humans develop thick acid-resistant skin, Alien just stabs them with tail or mouth #2
Resistance averted
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FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Humans (Disease)Alien Jr. (Systemic fungicide)
1 MOA Suffocation
If humans develop ability to breathe out ears, Alien Jr. no longer works
Humans resistant
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FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Avoiding resistanceRotate chemical classes (FRAC)Tank mix contacts and penetrants
Increases MOA and control spectrum
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
BenzimidazolesThiophanate-methyl very popular
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
DicarboximidesIprodione
Good on flower blight
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Sterol InhibitorsMyclobutanilFenarimol (documented disease resistance)
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
StrobilurinsSynthesized version of antifungal substance
produced by fungus Strobilurus tenacellus Feeds on organic matter Inhibits competitive MO
Very low toxicity EPA calls reduced risk
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins Single target site
Resistance risk
Azoxystrobin (Heritage) Wide range of control Long residual
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins Trifloxystrobin (Compass)
Can travel 2” through air as vapor to other leaves
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Oomycete ProductsOomycetes cause root rotNot true fungi
Phytophthora Phythium Downy mildew
Root rot fungicides Fosetyl-al (Aliette)
Only true systemic
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Broad Spectrum ProtectantsContact fungicidesRare resistant problems
Chlorothalonil very popular Mancozeb
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
BiologicalAntagonistic rather than fungicidal
Protective
Rootshield (Trichoderma fungus) Root disease
Companion (Bacillus bacteria) Root and foliar disease
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
InorganicBordeaux mixture
Copper sulfate and lime
Copper controls bacterial disease
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
NaturalNeem oil
Foliar disease (contact) Various other functions
Insecticide Toothpaste Etc.
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Incomplete list ofFUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
BiologicalInjection-based systems
Eco Soil Systems Bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.)
BioTrek injection Fungus (Trichoderma)
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COST COMPARISON
PRODUCT COST OF PRODUCT
OUNCES PER 100 GAL
Subdue $210 / Quart 1 oz
Terrazole $143 / Quart 7 oz
Fenstop $278 / Quart 14 oz
Fosphite $48 / Gallon 64 oz
COST OF APPLCATION
$7
$31
$122
$24