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Future Intro correlated to College and Career Readiness Standards (CCRS)and GED RLAs, Grades 9-10

College and Career Readiness Anchor

Standards

Common Core Standards forEnglish Language Arts, Grade 9-

10

GED Testing Service’s Reasoning Through Language Arts Assessment

Targets (RLAs)

Future, Intro Level

Reading: Literature

Key Ideas and Details

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.1

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

R.3.2 Make inferences about plot/sequence of events, characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts.

Future: For related material see: Reread and answer comprehension questions about realistic stories, 23, 41, 57, 75, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

R.2.6 Identify a theme, or identify which element(s) in a text support a theme.R.5.1 Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.R.3.3 Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or context shapes structure and meaning.R.3.5 Analyze the roles that details play in complex literary or informational texts.

Future: For related material see: also see: Reread and answer comprehension questions about realistic stories, 23, 41, 57, 75, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; also see: Summarizing information, 210, 216


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.3 Analyze how complex characters

R.3.2 Make inferences about plot/sequence of events,

Future: For related material see: Read stories about realistic characters (and


(e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme.

characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts.R.3.3 Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or context shapes structure and meaning.

use illustrations to understand), 22–23, 40–41, 56–57, 74–75, 90–91, 108–109, 124–125, 140–141, 157–158, 188–189, 204–205

Craft and Structure


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone).

R.4.1/L4.1 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining connotative and figurative meanings from context.R.4.3/L4.3 Analyze the impact of specific words, phrases, or figurative language in text, with a focus on an author's intent to convey information or construct an argument.

Future: Vocabulary, 25, 43, 59, 77, 93, 111, 127, 143, 159, 175, 191, 207

Please note that vocabulary acquisition also occurs in the context of real-world readings and their related assignments. Representative topics include: Study skills, 39; Drugstore items, 85; Maps, 177; Street directions, 165; Medical instructions, 180–181; Medicine labels, 186–187, 193; Types of jobs, 194; Job advertisements, 200, 202–203, 208


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.5 Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.

R.3.1 Order sequences of events in texts.R.3.2 Make inferences about plot/sequence of events, characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts.R.3.3 Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or

Future: For related material see: Sequencing, 71, 77, 211


context shapes structure and meaning.


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.6 Analyze a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature.

Future: For related material see: Talk about students in your country, 41; Talk about time in your country, 57; Talk about men and women in your country, 75; Talk about shopping in your country, 91; Talk about eating in your country, 109; Talk about single people in your country, 125; Talk about the color of clothes in your country, 141; Discuss families in your country, 157; Discuss going to a doctor in your country, 189; Discuss job interviews in your country, 205; Map of the world, 234–235

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.7 Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment (e.g., Auden’s “Musée des Beaux Arts” and Breughel’s Landscape with the Fall of Icarus).

Future: For related material see the visual representations that accompany every reading. Examples include: Read stories about realistic characters (and use illustrations to understand), 22–23, 40–41, 56–57, 74–75, 90–91, 108–109, 124–125, 140–141, 157–158, 188–189, 204–205

(RL.9-10.8 not applicable to literature)


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.9 Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or

Future: For related material see: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205


how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare).

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 9-10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Future: For related material see: Reading Topics, 15–20, 22, 23, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 40, 47–48, 49, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 64–65, 66–67, 72, 74, 79, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95, 99, 101, 104, 106–107, 108, 109, 111–112, 117, 119, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 133, 138–139, 140, 141, 148–149, 150–151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 161, 165, 167, 172, 173, 177, 180–181, 186–187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 199, 200, 202–203, 204, 205, 208

Reading: Informational Text

Key Ideas and Details


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

R.2.3 Make sentence level inferences about details that support main ideas.R.2.7 Make evidence based generalizations or hypotheses based on details in text, including clarifications, extensions, or applications of main ideas to new situations.R.3.4 Infer relationships between ideas in a text (e.g., an implicit cause and effect, parallel, or contrasting relationship).

Future: For related material see: Reread and answer comprehension questions about realistic stories, 23, 41, 57, 75, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; Connecting ideas, 25, 43, 59, 77, 111, 127, 143, 159, 175, 191, 207


W.1 Determine the details of what is explicitly stated and make logical inferences or valid claim that square with textual evidence.


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.2 Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

R2.1 Comprehend explicit details and main ideas in text.R.2.2 Summarize details and ideas in text.R.2.4 Infer implied main ideas in paragraphs or whole texts.R.2.5 Determine which detail(s) support(s) a main idea.R.2.8 Draw conclusions or make generalizations that require synthesis of multiple main ideas in text.R.3.5 Analyze the roles that details play in complex literary or informational texts.

Future: Reread and answer comprehension questions about realistic stories, 23, 41, 57, 75, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; Summarizing information, 210, 216


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.3 Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them.

R.5.2 Analyze the structural relationship between adjacent sections of text (e.g., how one paragraph develops or refines a key concept or how one idea is distinguished from another).

Future: For related material see: Sequencing, 71, 77, 211; also see: Reread and answer comprehension questions about realistic stories, 23, 41, 57, 75, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205

Craft and Structure


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a

R.4.1/L4.1 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining connotative and figurative meanings from context.R.4.2/L4.2 Analyze how meaning or tone is affected when one word is replaced with another.


Please note that vocabulary acquisition also occurs in the context of real-world readings and their related assignments. Representative topics include: Study skills, 39; Drugstore items, 85; Maps, 177; Street directions, 165; Medical


court opinion differs from that of a newspaper).

R.4.3/L4.3 Analyze the impact of specific words, phrases, or figurative language in text, with a focus on an author's intent to convey information or construct an argument.

instructions, 180–181; Medicine labels, 186–187, 193; Types of jobs, 194; Job advertisements, 200, 202–203, 208


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.5 Analyze in detail how an author’s ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter).

R.5.1 Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.R.5.4 Analyze how the structure of a paragraph, section, or passage shapes meaning, emphasizes key ideas, or supports an author's purpose.

Future: For related material see: Reread and answer comprehension questions, 23, 41, 57, 75, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; also see: Connecting ideas, 25, 43, 59, 77, 111, 127, 143, 159, 175, 191, 207; Evaluating problems and recommending solutions, 183, 192, 218


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.6 Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.

R.6.1 Determine an author's point of view or purpose of a text.R.6.2 Analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others or how an author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpointsR.6.3 Infer an author's implicit as well as explicit purposes based on details in text.R.6.4 Analyze how an author uses rhetorical techniques to advance his or her point of view or achieve a specific purpose (e.g., analogies, enumerations, repetition and parallelism, juxtaposition of opposites, qualifying statements).R.5.4 Analyze how the structure of a paragraph, section, or passage shapes meaning, emphasizes key ideas, or supports an author's purpose.

Future: For related material see: Evaluating problems and recommending solutions, 183, 192, 218

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

CCSS.ELA- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.7 R.9.1/R.7.1 Draw specific comparisons Future: For related material see:


Literacy.CCRA.R.7 Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person’s life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized in each account.

between two texts that address similar themes or topics or between information presented in different formats (e.g., between information presented in text and information or data summarized in a table or timeline).R.7.2 Analyze how data or quantitative and/or visual information extends, clarifies, or contradicts information in text, or determine how data supports an author's argument.R.7.3 Compare two passages that present related ideas or themes in different genre or formats (e.g., a feature article and an online FAQ or fact sheet) in order to evaluate differences in scope, purpose, emphasis, intended audience, or overall impact when comparing.R.7.4 Compare two passages that present related ideas or themes in different genre or formats in order to synthesize details, draw conclusions, or apply information to new situations.R.9.2 Compare two passages in similar or closely related genre that share ideas or themes, focusing on similarities and/or differences in perspective, tone, style, structure, purpose, or overall impact.

Comparing two pictures, 160; Read stories about realistic characters (and use illustrations to understand), 22–23, 40–41, 56–57, 74–75, 90–91, 108–109, 124–125, 140–141, 157–158, 188–189, 204–205


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.

R.6.4 Analyze how an author uses rhetorical techniques to advance his or her point of view or achieve a specific purpose (e.g., analogies, enumerations, repetition and parallelism, juxtaposition of opposites, qualifying statements).R.8.1 Delineate the specific steps of an argument the author puts forward, including how the argument's claims



build on one another.R.8.2 Identify specific pieces of evidence an author uses in support of claims or conclusions.R.8.3 Evaluate the relevance and sufficiency of evidence offered in support of a claim.R.8.5 Assess whether the reasoning is valid; identify fallacious reasoning in an argument and evaluate its impact.R.8.6 Identify an underlying premise or assumption in an argument and evaluate the logical support and evidence provided.


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.9 Analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington’s Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech, King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”), including how they address related themes and concepts.

Future: For related material see: U.S. money, 80–83, 86–89, 93

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literacy nonfiction in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 9-10

Future: Reading Topics, 15–20, 22, 23, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 40, 47–48, 49, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 64–65, 66–67, 72, 74, 79, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95, 99, 101, 104, 106–107, 108, 109, 111–112, 117, 119, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 133, 138–139, 140, 141, 148–149, 150–151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 161, 165, 167, 172, 173, 177, 180–181, 186–187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 199, 200, 202–203, 204, 205, 208


text complexity band independently and proficiently.

Writing

Text Types and Purposes

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.1

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1a Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1b Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1c Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1d

W.2 Produce an extended analytic response in which the writer introduces the idea(s) or claim(s) clearly; creates an organization that logically sequences information; develops the idea(s) or claim(s) thoroughly with well-chosen examples, facts, or details from the text; and maintains a coherent focus.

Future: For related material see: Team Project: Give Health Tips, 218; also see: Writing, 23, 41, 75, 91, 95, 109, 125, 141, 157, 189, 205


Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.1e Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2a Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2b Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2c Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2d Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2e Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.2f

W.2 Produce an extended analytic response in which the writer introduces the idea(s) or claim(s) clearly; creates an organization that logically sequences information; develops the idea(s) or claim(s) thoroughly with well-chosen examples, facts, or details from the text; and maintains a coherent focus.

Future: Write about how people say hello, 23; Write about students, 41; Write about household chores and work, 75; Write about shopping, 91; Write about yourself (information), 95; Write about how people eat, 109; Write about single people, 125; Write about clothes for weddings and funerals, 141; Write about what families do on the weekend, 157; Write about going to the doctor, 189; Write about job interviews, 205;



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3 Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3a Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3b Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3c Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3d Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.3e Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.

Future: For related assignments see: Write about yourself (information), 95; also see: Writing, 23, 41, 75, 91, 109, 125, 141, 157, 189, 205

Production and Distribution of Writing



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)

Future: Writing, 23, 41, 75, 91, 95, 109, 125, 141, 157, 189, 205; also see: Writing practice (life skills, answering questions, practicing sentences), 13, 15, 17, 18–19, 21, 26–27, 29, 31, 33, 37, 43, 45, 47–51, 53, 54–55, 57, 59, 60–61, 65, 67, 70–71, 73, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 86–88, 89, 100–101, 105, 113, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 129, 132–133, 134–135, 143, 145, 149, 150–151, 153, 155, 161, 165, 167, 173, 175, 177, 195, 197, 201, 207, 208, 209


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1–3 up to and including grades 9–10 here.)



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.

Future: For related material see: Team Projects, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218

Research to Build and Present Knowledge



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.




CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9 Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9a Apply grades 9–10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare]”).CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.9b Apply grades 9–10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., “Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning”).

Future: For related material see: Reading Topics, 15–20, 22, 23, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 40, 47–48, 49, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 64–65, 66–67, 72, 74, 79, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95, 99, 101, 104, 106–107, 108, 109, 111–112, 117, 119, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 133, 138–139, 140, 141, 148–149, 150–151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 161, 165, 167, 172, 173, 177, 180–181, 186–187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 199, 200, 202–203, 204, 205, 208

Range of Writing


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.9-10.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Future: Writing, 23, 41, 75, 91, 95, 109, 125, 141, 157, 189, 205; also see: Writing practice (life skills, answering questions, practicing sentences), 13, 15, 17, 18–19, 21, 26–27, 29, 31, 33, 37, 43, 45, 47–51, 53, 54–55, 57, 59, 60–61, 65, 67, 70–71, 73, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 86–88, 89, 100–101, 105, 113, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 129, 132–133, 134–135, 143, 145, 149, 150–151, 153,


155, 161, 165, 167, 173, 175, 177, 195, 197, 201, 207, 208, 209

Speaking & Listening

Comprehension and Collaboration

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.SL.1

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1 Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9–10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.

Future: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1a Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.

Future: Speaking Topics, 4–5, 9, 10–11, 12, 14, 25–26, 29, 30, 34–35, 43, 44, 60, 78, 91, 93, 111, 121, 127–128, 136–137, 143–144, 147, 160, 169, 175–176, 179, 180–181, 182–183, 185, 189, 191, 192, 195, 198–199

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1b Work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views), clear goals and deadlines, and individual roles as needed.

Future: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; Evaluating problems and recommending solutions, 183, 192, 218

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1c Future: Job interviews, 204–205, 208;


Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that relate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas; actively incorporate others into the discussion; and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions.

also see: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1d Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning presented.

Future: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.2 Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source.

Future: For related material see:Team Projects, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.3 Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence.

Future: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; Evaluating problems and recommending solutions, 183, 192, 218

Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.4 Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly,

Future: Team Projects, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218; also see: Speaking Topics, 4–5, 9, 10–11, 12, 14,


concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.

25–26, 29, 30, 34–35, 43, 44, 60, 78, 91, 93, 111, 121, 127–128, 136–137, 143–144, 147, 160, 169, 175–176, 179, 180–181, 182–183, 185, 189, 191, 192, 195, 198–199


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.5 Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest.



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.6 Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. (See grades 9–10 Language standards 1 and 3 here for specific expectations.)

Future: Discussion based on realistic story, 23, 41, 57, 91, 109, 125, 157, 189, 205; also see: Speaking Topics, 4–5, 9, 10–11, 12, 14, 25–26, 29, 30, 34–35, 43, 44, 60, 78, 91, 93, 111, 121, 127–128, 136–137, 143–144, 147, 160, 169, 175–176, 179, 180–181, 182–183, 185, 189, 191, 192, 195, 198–199

Language

Conventions of Standard English

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.L.1

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.1a Use parallel structure.*

L.1.6 Edit to ensure parallelism and proper subordination and coordination.

Future: Insructors may use affirmative and negative sentences as an


introduction to sentences that have related meanings and similar structures. For examples see: Imperatives, affirmative and negative, 3, 31, 180; Simple present with like, affirmative and negative, 99, 101; Simple present with need, affirmative and negative, 102–103, 131; Yes/No questions and short answers, 133, 151, 201; Present continuous, affirmative and negative statements, 135, 148–149, 153; Can, affirmative and negative statements, 201

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.1b Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.

Future: For related material see: Prepositions of place, 34–35, 163, 165; Prepositions of time, 48–49, 52–53


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.2a Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses.

Future: For related material introduce students to the uses of punctuation marks in sentences: Question marks at end of questions, 151, 201

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.2b Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

Future: Show students how colons are used in model dialogues througout the program. For examples see the following pages: 13, 29, 33, 51, 67, 87,


115, 135, 147, 167, 181, 201

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.2c Spell correctly.

Future: For related material see: Letters of alphabet, 4–5, 10–11; Spell first and last names, 10–11; Phonics, 24, 42, 58, 76, 92, 110, 126, 142, 158, 174, 190, 206; Word List, 219–224

Knowledge of Language


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.3a Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian’s Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type.

W.3 Write clearly and demonstrate sufficient command of standard English conventions.


Vocabulary Acquisition and Use



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.4a Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.



CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.4b Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).

Future: For related material see: Singular and plural, 65; Be, simple present full forms and contractions, 15, 17, 19

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.4c Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.

Future: For related material see: Vocabulary, 25, 43, 59, 77, 93, 111, 127, 143, 159, 175, 191, 207

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.4d Verify the preliminary

Future: For related material see: Vocabulary, 25, 43, 59, 77, 93, 111,


determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

127, 143, 159, 175, 191, 207


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.5a Interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in the text.

Future: The program focuses on the development of correct colloquial speech patterns. Figures of speech are taught in the context of specific tasks. Examples include: Unit 1: Nice to meet you, 8–27; Welcome to class!, 28–45; Get well soon!, 178–193

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.5b Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Future: For related material see lists of words grouped by category: Word List, 219–224


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.9-10.6 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.



R.5.3 Analyze transitional language or signal words (words that indicate

Future: For related material see: Prepositions of place, 34–35, 163, 165;


structural relationships, such as consequently, nevertheless, otherwise) and determine how they refine meaning, emphasize certain ideas, or reinforce an author's purpose.

Prepositions of time, 48–49, 52–53; Expressions of frequency, 147

R.9.3 Compare two argumentative passages on the same topic that present opposing claims (either main or supporting claims) and analyze how each text emphasizes different evidence or advances a different interpretation of facts.


L1.1 Edit to correct errors involving frequently confused words and homonyms, including contractions (passed, past; two, too, to; there, their, they're; knew, new; it's its).

Future: For related material see: Contractions, 15, 17, 19, 31, 99, 101, 119, 149, 153

L1.2 Edit to correct errors in straightforward subject-verb agreement.

Future: For related material see: Third person singular, 51; Questions with Who and third person singular, 67; There is/There are, statements and questions, 117, 119

L.1.3 Edit to correct errors in pronoun usage, including pronoun-antecedent agreement, unclear pronoun references, and pronoun case.

Future: For related material see: Subject pronouns, 14–15, 16–17, 18–19

L1.4 Edit to eliminate non-standard or informal usage (e.g., correctly use try to win the game instead of try and win the game).

Future: For related material see: Personal introductions, 9, 11, 14, 25–26

L1.5 Edit to eliminate dangling or misplaced modifiers or illogical word order (e.g., correctly use to meet almost all requirements instead of to almost meet all requirements.)

Future: For related material see: Adjective + noun, 116; Adjectives, 136


L1.7 Edit to correct errors in subject-verb or pronoun antecedent agreement in more complicated situations (e.g., with compound subjects, interceding phrases, or collective nouns).

Future: For related material see: Subject pronouns, 14–15, 16–17, 18–19

L1.8 Edit to eliminate wordiness or awkward sentence construction.

Future: For related material see: Writing, 23, 41, 75, 91, 95, 109, 125, 141, 157, 189, 205

L1.9 Edit to ensure effective use of transitional words, conjunctive adverbs, and other words and phrases that support logic and clarity.

Future: For related material see: Prepositions of place, 34–35, 163, 165; Prepositions of time, 48–49, 52–53; Expressions of frequency, 147

L2.1 Edit to ensure correct use of capitalization (e.g., proper nouns, titles, and beginnings of sentences).

Future: Spell first and last names, 10–11; Capital letters to start sentences, 15, 17, 31, 133, 149

L2.2 Edit to eliminate run-on sentences, fused sentences, or sentence fragments.

Future: For related material see: Writing, 23, 41, 75, 91, 95, 109, 125, 141, 157, 189, 205

L2.3 Edit to ensure correct use of apostrophes with possessive nouns.

Future: Instructors may use a variety of activities to introduce students to the use of possessives. For examples see: Say who is in your family, 64–65; What is/are questions using possessives, 73; Apartment for rent, 114–115

L2.4 Edit to ensure correct use of punctuation (e.g., commas in a series or in appositives and other non-

Future: For related material see: Question marks at end of questions, 151, 201


essential elements, end marks, and appropriate punctuation for clause separation).

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