future of mechatronics in engineering
DESCRIPTION
Research project of future of Mechatrnics Engineering in EngineeeringTRANSCRIPT
Faisal Aijaz (100456)
M.Irtaza Bhatti (100460)
Taimoor Tareen (100480)
Naeem Rasti (100463)
Future of
Mechatronics
in
Engineering
Submitted to:
Ms. Nailah Riaz
Dated : 16 APR 012
Department of Mechatronics Engineering 4A
1
Table of contents
1 Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………….……….1
2 List of illustration …………………………………………………………………………..….2
3 Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….………….3
4 Letter of transmittal……………………………………………………………………..……4
5 Summary ……………………..…………………………………………………………………..5
6 Chapter 1:Mechatronics An Introduction…………………………….…..6
1.1 A brief background …………………………………………………………….………8
1.2 Importance of Mechatronics……………………………………….….………….8
1.3 The dream comes true ……………………………………….………………………9
1.4 Application of industrial robots…………………………………………………..10
1.5 Course distribution in AU…………………..……………………………………….11
7 Chapter 2: Mechatronics Vs Mechanical………………………………14
2.1 Division of engineers in industry………………………………………..…….14
2.2 MTS in field…………………………………………………………………………………15
2.3 working of Mechanical engineers………………………………………………16
2.4 electronics engineers…………………………………………………………….……17
2.5 services of MTS for industries…………………………………….……………..17
2.6 MTS: The demand of industry……………………………………….…………..18
8 Chapter 3:Mechatronics: The need of modern age……………….21
3.1 Automation…………………………………………………………………….…………..21
3.2 Why automation is so important………………………………………….…..22
3.3 Industrial automation ………………………………………………………………23
10 Chapter 5: Mechatronics for graduates: The expert advices 25
5.1 Control systems………………………………………………………………..………..26
5.2 Digital imaging ………………………………………………………………..………..26
5.3 Embedded systems…………………………………………………….……………..26
5.4 system modeling and simulation ……………………………………………...27
5.5 Universities offering MTS in Pakistan ……….……………………………..28
11 Appendix A ……………………………………………………………………………………….29
12 References ……………………………………………………………………………………….30
2
List of Illustration
Fig 1.1. Showing MTS interdisciplinary ……………………………………………………….6
Fig 1.2. Illustration of Mechatronics ………………………………………..…………………..7
Fig 1.3 showing response of AU students……………………………………………..……..9
Fig 1.4 showing credit hours wise distribution of MTS……………………………….13
Table 1.1 showing credit hours wise distribution of MTS…………………………....12
Fig 2.1 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola ,2005………………..……19
Fig 2.2 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola ,2010……………………..19
Fig 3.1 response of Q.1……………………………………………………………………………….…22
Fig 5.1 showing the suggestions of experts about field of engineering …….25
Fig 5.2 showing the suggestions of experts about types of engineers in
industry………………………………………………………………………………………………………….27
3
Acknowledgement
The special thank goes to our helpful supervisor ,Ms. Nailah Riaz. The
supervision and the lectures that gave truly help the progression to make
this report the good piece of technical writing.
A big contribution from team members during the project is very great
indeed. Besides ,this report program make me realize the value of working
together as a team. The whole program really brought us together to
appreciate the true value of friendship and respect of each other.
We are also very thankful to Mr. Rizwan Rauf Malik (Lab engineer AU
Islamabad ), Mr. Hassan bin Aqeel (maintenance engineer in Coca-
Cola industries Lahore),and definitely the main source of data for our
report the internet.
4
Letter of transmittal
Date : 17 Apr 2012
To : Ms. Nailah Riaz
Facilitator of technical writing(TW) course
From: Group #5,BEMTS 4A
Subject : Research project of TW titled “Future of Mechatronics in
Engineering”
Attached is my research project report “Future of Mechatronics in
engineering” of TW.
The report will help the reader to get introduction with Mechatronics it’s
application, about its course contents and the structure of MTS. This report
will also help to motivate the reader about this new field in engineering.
The great effort of the group members and the guidance of the facilitator
helps a lot in the report.
5
Summary
This report appreciates the students to get admitted in Mechatronics
engineering. Especially the students of intermediation searching for the
fields to get admission this report will greatly help them to get know basics
about MTS. The report will help the reader to get introduction with
Mechatronics it’s application, about its course contents and the structure of
MTS. This report will also help to motivate the reader about this new field in
engineering.
This modern age demands intelligently engineered products which are time,
fuel efficient and reliable. This high demand of efficiency in the products can
only be achieved by the effective combination of mechanical devices to
incorporate with electronics devices. Hence the term “Automation” is well
known to MTS engineers which have brought unexpected ease in this
modern life.
The comparison with mechanical in terms of courses depicts the great
similarity between them. The future of Mechatronics in Pakistan is so good
due to crisis but in abroad there will be more opportunities for MTS
engineers to serve better. The experts also suggests for specialization in
specific field . The vast options of masters for Mechatronics Engineers adds
another plus point in the carrier.
6
Chapter # 1 Mechatronics An Introduction
echatronics is the good amalgam of mechanical, electronics
,computer systems integrated via control systems.
Mechatronics is the new born in the field of engineering.
.figure 1(fig 1-1) illustrates the interdependency of Mechatronics to other
departments of the engineering
1. 1http://thegreatpakistanis.com/uploads/mechatro_png/uni
offering.png
M
fig 1-1
7
Mechatronics engineering is the discipline of the engineering which concern
with the research, design and the implementation of the intelligently
engineered products. Mechatronics is centered on mechanics, electronics,
control systems and computing which combined give the more economical,
versatile and reliable system to meet the requirements of the modern age.
As the name depicts the combination of Mecha and tronics mecha from
mechanical and tronics from electronics or the computer related section. The
following figure2 shows the same
Fig1.2illustration of Mechatronics
“The word ,Mechatronics is composed of mecha from mechanics and
tronics from electronics In other words, technologies and developed products will be incorporating electronics more and more into
mechanisms, intimately and organically, and making it impossible to tell where one ends and the other3 ”
2http://gk12.poly.edu/amps-cbri/pdf/Intro%20to%20Mechatronics.pdf 3 T. Mori, “Mechatronics,” Yasakawa Internal Trademark Application Memo,
21.131.01, July 12, 1969
8
1.1 A brief background
Mechatronics, the term coined in Japan in 70’s has evolved to symbolize
what mechanical design engineers do today worldwide. The evolution of
microcontrollers in the field of electronics in 80’s changed the paradigm of
the mechanical engineering forever and has broadened the definition of the
Mechatronics to include intelligent control and automatic decision making4.
1.2Importance of Mechatronics
e came across many Mechatronics devices in our daily life. It
ranges from the intelligent washing machine, cameras, even
if the heating jugs to the complex luxury cars. In industry it
is hard to find any machinery without automation system. To
meet the requirements of the modern industry as well to
provide the smart devices to the customers it became very important to
introduce this new field so that the combined knowledge of different
disciplines of the engineering helps to increase the efficiency of the people.
The question arises that how’s that became possible? The answer of this
question will be given in the upcoming section.
According to the survey of AU the students of department other than MTS
also knows a bit about this field, which shows the grooming of the field in
short period of time. The question asked were
Q1. Do you know that the MTS is interdisciplinary area relating to
mechanical, electronics and computer sciences.
Q2. Do you know that the courses of MTS are mainly same as that of
Mechanical?
4http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001SPIE.4334..291R
w
9
Q3. Do you think that the robots will help the industry to be more efficient.
The response of the students were
Fig 1.3 showing response of the students
1.3 The dream comes true
Can you imagine that the machines replace the human beings in the future,
Now this dream would definitely be true in the near future. To some extent it
became true today .The examples of industrial robots which are currently
serving in the industries show the bright future of this field.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
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Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4.
Response of AU students
Yes
NO
I don't know
10
How it became possible?
This course provides the heavy knowledge about the basics of electronics,
control systems along with hardware and software and various machine
related works. The Mechatronics engineer design a mechanical device which
incorporate with electronic devices making it controllable using
microcontrollers. The use of electronic devices make them superior to
mechanical devices because the use of microcontrollers make them
automatic decision makers. This replaces the mechanical input or decision
maker which is often a human being by a simple electronic circuit. The best
example of this is the industrial robots.
1.4 Applications of the industrial robots
The Robot is, of course, the ultimate Mechatronics System.
Now a day’s industrial robots are extensively used in the developed
industries which results in enhanced and efficient output. Some of the typical
use of industrial robots are
1. Assembling of components
2. Packaging purposes
3. Material handling
4. Fluid dispensing
5. Laser integration and processing
Other robots are also working efficiently now a days. The some applications
of robots are
Telemedicine/Telesurgery
Unmanned vehicles
Humanoids
Manufacturing automation
11
1.5 Courses distribution in Air University
The interdependency of the MTS to the other departments of engineering
can be explained in the light of the structure of the program.
The survey of the prospectus of Air University shows the course of
MTS contains same as that of the mechanical with the addition of electronics
and some courses of Mechatronics like
Advance Mechatronics
Industrial Mechatronics
Embedded systems in Mechatronics
Microprocessor & microcontrollers and
Applied Mechatronics
The detailed comparison of courses of MTS and Mechanical in AU5 is
given below. This table helps greatly to get know that the mainly
courses of MTS are same as that of Mechanical.
MECHATRONICS MECHANICAL Semester credit hours CP CP first 4
calculus 1 calculus 1 first 3
communication skills communication skills first 3
physics physics first 4
workshop workshop first 1
CAD CAD first 1
Islamic studies Islamic studies second 2
calculus 2 calculus 2 second 3
5 This detail refers to Prospectus of AU 2011
12
Engineering statics Engineering statics second 3
ODE ODE second 4
Engineering
Dynamics
Engineering
Dynamics third 3
MoM's MoM's third 4
Pak studies Pak studies third 2
TW TW fourth 3
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics fourth 2
Probability & statics Probability & statics fourth 3
thermo fluids 2 thermo fluids 2 fifth 2
I&M I&M fifth 4
Machine Design Machine Design fifth 4
numerical analysis numerical analysis sixth 3
control engineering control engineering sixth 4
social sciences social sciences sixth 2
final year project 1 final year project 1 sixth 1
final year project 2 final year project 2 seventh 2
technical elective technical elective seventh 3
CAE CAE eight 3
final year project 3 final year project 3 eight 3 mechanical
vibrations
mechanical
vibrations eight 3 heat and mass
transfer
heat and mass
transfer fifth 3
fluid mechanics fluid mechanics sixth 3
Total
85
Comparison of Mechanical and MTS in Air university
MTS Mechanical
No. of
courses
44 51
Credit
Hours
139 139
Labs 24 28
13
Table 1.1 showing the comparison of courses
The following data shows the similarity of the courses on MTS and
mechanical engineering offered in the Air university.
Fig 1.4 showing credit hours wise distribution of MTS
From the data given above it become clear that the mainly the course MTS
comprises of same as that of mechanical but the mixture with electronics
and computer sciences make it different from the mechanical
mechanical, 85
electronics, 50
computer engineering, 4
Chart showing the credit hours wise distribution of MTS
14
Chapter # 2
Mechatronics Vs. Mechanical
The mechanical and electronics engineer has different field areas in industry
but the services of engineers falls mainly into three categories
Production engineer
Maintenance engineer
Control /instrument engineer
2.1 Division of engineers in industry
2.1.1 Production engineer
The main purpose of production engineer is to work out for the new
products and to enhance the output of the industry. For example the
production engineer in the Honda automobiles would work only on the
new models of the cars .
2.1.2 Maintenance engineer
The working of the maintenance engineer is to maintain the plant in
correct working condition .If any error or problem occurs, engineer
have to detect it ,repair that part or replace it with correct one.
2.1.3 Control/instrument engineer
Their tasks in industry are to survey, and design the equipment
according to the industry requirements.
15
2.2 MTS Engineers in Field
A Mechatronics engineer unites the principles of mechanics,
electronics, and computing to generate a simpler, more
economical and reliable system. We took a survey on Pakistani
industries and took some interviews of their engineers related to
their work or services they provide to industry .It is viewed that
Mechatronics engineers perform multitasks due to their
knowledge, so industry prefer them.
2.2.1 An interview with Engr. Saqib basheer
In an interview a Mechatronics engineer Saqib Basher
working in PepsiCo company ,industrial area Lahore( who is
graduated from the air university Islamabad in 2010.Now a days
he is working at PepsiCo Company Lahore as an instrumentation
engineer) told that some years ago, industry hires mechanical
and electronics engineers to run the industry according to their
fields. But when the Mechatronics engineering came in to field,
initially authorities of industries did not know the importance of
this field but with the passage of time they realize that this is a
composite engineering and the engineers of this field have batter
knowledge about three different fields at a time. So it is batter to
appoint a Mechatronics engineer rather than to appoint three
different engineers for the mechanical, electrical and computer
science field. Now a day’s machinery is composite of mechanical
structure, electronics devices and these devices are operated with
the computers. These types of composite machinery or systems
are perfectly deal by the Mechatronics engineers. Because the
Mechatronics engineering covers the all three areas of which
machinery or systems based of overall.
16
2.3 Working of Mechanical Engineers:
Mechanical Engineers apply the principles of physics and
materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and
maintenance of mechanical system
Industries require engineers with understanding of core concepts
including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials
science, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineers use these
core principles along with tools like computer-aided
engineering and product lifecycle management to design and
analyze manufacturing, industrial equipment and
machinery, heating and cooling
systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical
devices and more
It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and
usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production,
and operation of machines and tools.
2.3.1 Interview with Rizwan Rauf Malik
A mechanical engineer Mr. Rizwan Rauf malik 6 worked as
Inspection and Design engineer at Attock Oil Refinery in 2009-
2010 told us that mechanical engineers work mostly in one of
the two sides in field
Maintenance Engineer
Instrument and design Engineer.
6 Currently serving as Lab engineer in AU
17
2.4 Electronics Engineer
Electrical engineer uses science, technology, and problem-solving skills to
design, construct, and maintain products, services, and information
systems.
Responsibilities
Their Job responsibilities include specification, design, development, and
implementation of products or systems, as well as research to create new
ideas problem identification and the selection of appropriate technical
solutions, materials, test equipment, and procedures, to the manufacture
and production of safe, economical, high-performance products and services.
2.5 Services of MTS for industries
Mechatronics is well-suited to the industry as it provides the right mixture of
mechanical, electronics, and computer Programming to enable an engineer
to grapple with the essentials. Robotics is the application of Mechatronics to
create robots, which are often used in industry to perform tasks that are
dangerous
unpleasant
repetitive
2.5.1 Development in Automobiles industry
Just one area where it will become more important is the area of
transportation where we could be moving to a future of electric vehicles. The
luxury cars now a days is one of the great fruits of the MTS.
18
2.6 MTS: The demand of industry
The vast scope of MTS in industry make it highly demanding . The following
statistical data reveals the same
2.6.1 Survey of Coca-Cola industry Lahore
During our survey in Coca-Cola company industrial area Lahore,
their maintenance executive engineer Hassan bin Aqeel who is
graduated from NUST in 2010 told that Coca-Cola industry
Lahore has total 8 engineers, out of which 3 are mechatronics,1
is mechanical ,one electronics and 3 other engineers. he told that
in many industries specially food industries and those industries
where the automotive machines works they prefer engineer who
have knowledge of both electronics as well as mechanical system.
so mechanical and electronics engineers are replaces by
mechatronics engineers in such industries.
19
Fig 2.1 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola, 2005
Fig 2.2 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola, 2010
0.00%
0.05%
0.10%
0.15%
0.20%
0.25%
0.30%
0.35%
0.40%
0.45%
mechatronics mechanical electronics others
Percentage of engineers in Pepsi Co,2005 lahore
Column2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Mechatronics electronics mechanical other
Percentage of engineers in Pepsi Co,2010 lahore
Series 1
20
The statistical data shows the growing demand of MTS engineers in field.
The other fields like
Aerospace
Oil and Gas industries
Cement industries
Are also hiring the MTS engineers for their industries. The improvement can
be achieved in MTS on the cost of increasing difficulty level of the course.
21
Chapter # 3 Automation: The Need of Modern Age
In this chapter we will focus on the most important applications of MTS
“Automation” which is efficiently working today. The center of
discussion of this chapter will be to give acquaintance about
automation terminology of MTS which is tremendously serving the
world.
3.1 Automation:
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to
reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services.
Due to this reason the students of MTS thought that the future of
engineering is mechatronics engineering.
Q1. Do you agree that Mechatronics is the future of engineering?
The response was
22
Fig 3.1 response of Q.1
3.2 why Automation is so important
In the scope of industrialization , automation is a step
beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators
with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,
automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well.
Automation serves humanity in various fields but the services in terms of
Reliability and precision
Health and environment
Convertibility and turnaround time
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Category 1
response of students on Q 1
yes
no
I don't know
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3.2.1 Reliability and precision
Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the
manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially.
Example:
For example, internal combustion engine pistons used to be installed
manually. This is rapidly being transitioned to automated machine
installation, because the error rate for manual installment was around 1-
1.5% , but has been reduced to 0.00001% with automation.
3.2.2 Health and environment
The costs of automation to the environment are different depending on
the technology, product or engine automated. There are automated engines that consume more energy resources from the Earth in
comparison with previous engines and those that do the opposite too.
Hazardous operations, such as oil refining, the manufacturing
of industrial chemicals, and all forms of metal working, were always early contenders for automation.
3.2.3 Convertibility and turnaround time
Another major shift in automation is the increased demand for flexibility and
convertibility in manufacturing processes. Manufacturers are increasingly
demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing Product A to
manufacturing Product B without having to completely rebuild the production
lines. Flexibility and distributed processes have led to the introduction
of Vehicles with Natural Features Navigation.
24
3.3 Industrial automation
Industrial automation deals with the optimization of energy-efficient drive systems by precise measurement and control technologies. Nowadays
energy efficiency in industrial processes are becoming more and more relevant. Semiconductor companies like Infineon Technologies are offering
8-bit microcontroller applications for example found in motor controls, general purpose pumps, fans, and bikes to reduce energy consumption and
thus increase efficiency. One of Infineon`s 8-bit product line found in industrial automation is theXC800 family.
25
Chapter # 5 Mechatronics for Graduates : The Expert advices
The survey to the faculty members of MTS department of AU
recommends the following topics for study and research
Control Systems
Digital Imaging Embedded Systems
Mechatronics and Automation
Systems Modeling and Simulation
According to survey the experts suggests
26
Fig 5.1 showing the suggestions of experts about various field of engineering
5.1 Control system
This module shows you how to analyses problems of industrial control
systems and presents several methods used in control design and
implementation. It covers
feedback control systems; analysis of dynamic responses of systems and how this is affected by
the feedback loop; design methods for continuous-time control systems;
an introduction to discrete time systems;
methods for analysis of discrete time systems; an introduction to modern control system design methods; and
the functionality of computer control design software.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
automation robotics control automobiles
showing suggestions of expert about different fields
Column1
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5.2 Digital Imaging
Microcontrollers are now found in almost all appliances and equipment. This module introduces you to the architecture of microcomputers for embedded
applications. It covers:
principles of programming of microcomputers, using both low-level
languages and high-level, model-based design tools; and real-time implementation issues with the help of practical examples.
5.3 Embedded Systems
This module introduces the ideas and concepts behind image processing and analysis - as used in applications such as image enhancement, industrial inspection and medical image analysis.
It covers how to specify and apply the relevant algorithms and techniques to solve a variety of problems in computer vision, such as industrial and
medical inspection and CCTV surveillance.
Mechatronics and automation was explained in chapter#4 Automation
5.4 Systems Modeling and Simulation
This module explores:
the use of computers to improve planning and control in industrial
companies; and the techniques and methods in computer discrete simulation modeling.
You gain an understanding of the basics and benefits of discrete simulation modeling and how it can be applied to industry.
28
In Pakistan most field related demand is in the departments of control
systems, digital imaging and automation. The experts are suggests to be the
control engineers
Fig 5.2 shoeing the suggestions of experts about types of engineers in industry
5.5 Universities offering MTS in Pakistan
Universities offering MS in mechatronics include:
1) Air university Islamabad
2) University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
3) National University of Science and Technology Islamabad
4) SZABIST Karachi
Rest above mentioned masters are offered in almost all engineering
universities in Pakistan.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
control maintenance production
Series 1
Series 1
29
Appendix A
MTS Mechatronics
I&M instrumentation and measurement
CAD computer aided drawing
CAE computer aided drawing
MOM mechanics of material
CV curriculum vitea
AU Air university
CP computer programming
TW technical writing
BEMTS bachelor of mechatronics engineering
30
References
http://www.engineering.uq.edu.au/mechatronic.html
http://educationportal.com/articles/Mechatronics_Masters_Degree_Pro
gram_Information.html
http://educationportal.com/articles/Mechatronics_Masters_Degree_Pro
gram_Information.html
Rizwan rauf malik lab engineer AU
Engr. Hassan bin aqeel maintenance engineer at coca-cola industry
Lahore
T. Mori, “Mechatronics,” Yasakawa Internal Trademark Application
Memo,
21.131.01, July 12, 1969