future of the banggai pterapogon kauderni. macna xx presentation aquarium trade threat to pterapogon...
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Future of the BanggaiPterapogon kauderni
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MACNA XX presentation
• Aquarium trade Threat to Pterapogon kaudneri
• Eric Borneman, Alex Vagelli, Frank Marini, Andrew Bruckner, MASNA
• http://www.njaquarium.org/PDFS/Banggai/MACNA_08.pdf
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Habitat
• Found in 32 of 57 islands in Banggai Archipelago
• Potential habitat: 34 km2 out of total area of 5500 km2
•Associated with benthic invertebrates: urchins
•Carnivore, shallow water
•Lifespan 1-3 years in wild
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Aquarium Collection Issues
• Trade began in 1992 locally and 1995 internationally
• Population declines– In protected pearl farm, 63 per 100m2 (now
poached)– Where collected, there remain 8 per 100m2
• 2 extinctions have occurred, perhaps more
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Aquarium Collection Issues
• Mortality 25-30% post collection• 15% rejection rates• 15% mortality post export• Population decline est. 89% with fewer adults• Extinction likely within 10 years, genetic lines lost• 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species• CITES listing was declined
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Death Toll
• Some individuals die after the first flight between Indonesia and Singapore, and others upon arrival to USA, Europe or Asia
• Many times entire shipments of those survivors die soon upon arrival to a wholesaler facility.
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Real impact on local economy
• 60 fishers, and less than 200 people are collecting in the entire region.
• Thus, <0.1% of the Banggai region human population (app. 160,000) is dedicated to this activity, and it is typically not their sole means of livelihood.
• Cardinal fishing is not a historical or traditional or principal source of income for local people
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MACNA XX Summary
• Natural populations are declining due to aquarium trade harvest
• Survival in captivity– Wild caught Banggais --very poor – Captive bred ones survive well
• Hobbyists can discourage the collection of wild caught fish – Refuse to buy wild caught– Ask for captive bred banggais
• Talk to the manager/fish buyer for the store
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Commercial Captive breeding--why aren’t there more cb?
• Economics– Prices dictated by cheap wild caught prices. – Small market. Not many fish desired.
• Efficiency– Difficult to rear in large numbers– May require more water volume per broodstock
pair-expensive to rear
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Proposal
• Many hobbyists keep pairs of banggais--likely breeding in our display tanks
• Anyone can raise banggais--you can too– Observe feeding and activity– Note day of first mouth brooding– Allow fry release in protected environment, or
force spitting of fry
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Banggai breeding advantages
• Mated pair will breed in most large reef tanks or (nano cubes)– Mouth brooding parental care– No larval phase. Male spits out fry.– Fry eat newly hatch brine shrimp--easy first
food
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Breeding issues
• Obtaining mated pair– No obvious sex differences– Use behavior based differentiation
• Holding to term
• Protection of fry--they are too yummy
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Summary
• Aquarium trade may cause the demise of the Banggai cardinalfish
• We hobbyists can take effective measures to prevent this tragedy– Talk to LFS managers– Breed the fish in our tanks and raise the fry
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Raising banggais
• Sell your young banggais to the LFS
• Decreases pressure on wild populations
• Every fish you produce saves many in the wild
• Your fish have much greater chance of survival in captive systems
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More information
• Cathi and Bob Branham
• MOFIB: Marine Ornamental Fish and Invertebrates Breeders Association– Not for profit organization– www.marinebreeder.org– http://www.marinebreeder.org/phpbb/
viewforum.php?f=11