future trends on electronics and communications earpa ......dr. arne bartels – volkswagen – trb...

Future trends on Electronics and Communications

EARPA Conferencé

October 2014

Summary

01_ Introduction

02_ Electronics

03_ Communications

MOBILITY

• New mobility concepts based in automated and connected vehicles

• New public transport modes of transportation

Challenges of transport

SUSTAINABILITY

• EC White Paper Reduction of GHG emission by 20% in 2050

• Optimal eco-driving can reduce energy consumption in about 10-15%

TRAFFIC EFFICIENCY

• Europe loses 1% of GDP in traffic congestion

• Transport and fuel consumption coupled with GDP growth

• Provide decoupling with GDP by optimising infrastructure use and

goods and people transport

SAFETY

• EC zero fatalities in road transport by 2050

• 95% of road accidents caused by human related errors

Role of Electronics and Communications

Enablers of functionalities

• Electronics and communications are an important

building block for many vehicle functionalities

• Electronics: Physical hardware and associated

software and firmware

• Communications: Logical and/or physical link to

external sources

Connected and/or automated paradigm

• An example of how forecasted functionalities drive

ECS R&D

• Communications at all levels working together with

associated electronics

• Vehicle level

• Infrastructure level

• New challenges that can be addressed through a

silo approach or a horizontal approach

PERCEPTION

• the capability to perceive the traffic environment in a very accurate

real-time and integrated manner

R&D Challenges in connected automation

VEHICLE AUTOMATION

• intelligent motion planning and control algorithms embedded in a

robust and flexible system architecture with natural and safe

interaction with other road users

HUMAN FACTORS

• the system behaviour and HMI must take into account the role of the

driver in partially and highly automated vehicles as well as vehicle

interaction

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

• Traffic management can then “intervene” cooperatively at different

levels of the driving task navigation or vehicle guidance

FUNCTIONAL SAFETY

• Fault tolerance of the developed systems Hardware and Software

VALIDATION

• Performance levels and methodologies

Summary

01_ Introduction

02_ Electronics

03_ Communications

Functional Safety: ISO 26262 and beyond

Hazard analysis and risk assessment

Safety goals derivation

Automotive Safety Integrity Level

(ASIL) associated with each safety

goal

What happens when safety depends

of the interaction with other road

users or infrastructure elements?

Beyond the scope of ISO26262?

ISO 26262

ADAS

Passive systems

C-ITS Electronic Stability Control

By-wire systems

Active systems

Review of functional safety ASIL levels towards vehicle interaction

New simulation needs for development and validation

Simulation of Automated Driving

systems under real-life scenarios

• Scenario conditions

• Sensors performance

• Algorithm performance

• Systems performance

• Communications performance

Test scenario 1

Test scenario 2

…

Test scenario N

scenario

parametrization

Need of realistic, real world correlated

scenarios

• Basic for HiL, SiL at component level

• Needed for virtual test drive concept

• For automation this can be very complex

• Which ones and how many do we

need?

(e.g. 20 scenarios

with 10.000

variations)

Integration of sensor technologies

ADAS

• Vehicles equipped with several

sensors

• Short range detection capabilities

• Different technologies acting isolated

COOPERATIVE ITS

• Extended sensor range

• V2V – V2X + Connectivity

• Cooperation with the infrastructure

• Shared resources for different

applications

DATA FUSION OF THE VEHICLE SENSORS FULL RANGE SENSORING

New, secure, architectures

New architectures

• New, restrictive requirements

• For example, sensor integration requires

• Synchronous data acquisition

• Low latency

• High bandwidth

• Cyber physical systems need advanced electronics

architectures

Cybersecurity at component level

• Communications bring also cybersecurity threads

• Vehicle ECUs need to be secure:

• Security mechanisms to be included in ECU

communications e.g. certificates

• Automotive firewalls?

Human Machine Interaction

“Revolution” on HMIs in the short term

• As already seen in the H2020 calls

• New interaction with consumer elements

• Smartphones / Navigators

• New interaction technologies

• Functionality extended by connectivity

Smart/safe interaction with the user

• New ADAS and C-ITS functionalities and apps.

• Followed by automation

• How to keep the driver in the loop?

• How to engage/disengage?

• Drowsiness detection

• HMI with OTHER vehicles?

Validation costs

Testing needs to be taken into account from the design stages

• Use case and scenario definition Simulation and real road tests setups

• Complexity evolution in parallel Direct impact on testing costs

Dr. Arne Bartels – Volkswagen – TRB presentation

* Prof. Winner et al., Damstädter Kolloquium, “”Mensch un Fahrzeug” 2011

Estimation for HAD:

• Increased diversity of relevant test

scenarios

• Forecast: 100 MKm = 0,67 AU =

5,6 light minutes* several 100

Million €

“Traditional” testing needs to be

redefined

• Updating already existing tools and

methodologies

• Introducing new ones

Summary

01_ Introduction

02_ Electronics

03_ Communications

Connectivity

Vehicle connectivity

• Already in the market. With low functionality yet:

• Infotainment / Navigation

• Fleet management

• Insurance telematics

• Market fragmentation

• Several proprietary solutions

• Smartphone connectivity: Android, Mirrorlink,

Apple

• Lack of standards and safety issues Difficult

for third parties to develop applications

Enabler of new transportation concepts

• Logistics: Better tools for organization and cost

control

• Mobility: New concepts as car sharing

Connectivity

Data management

• New data concepts are included in transportation:

• Data augmentation

• Extract/monetize information

• Big data and cloud computing

• Market fragmentation Foster open data

• Enabler of new services: multimodality

• New challenges: Data quality?

Legal issues & policy

• Privacy and data ownership

• Cybersecurity

• eCALL New deadline 2017

• EC decision to reduce European roaming costs

• Big news!

Cooperative-ITS

Cooperative ITS First phase

• ETSI & CEN publish Profile 1 of C-ITS standards

• C2C-CC publishes Day 1 applications

• Expected to get to market in 2016

• Highly dependent of V2I communications

• Few latency critical applications: Road Hazard

Warning

Cooperative ITS Next steps

• Security Need of a certification scheme

• Hardware must be able to reach minimum

performance

• Interoperability Commercial products must be

interoperable (both road and infrastructure)

• ETSI/CEN Already working in Profile

• Expected to introduce V2V and unveil safety

potential

Cooperative-ITS

C-ITS Deployment and legal issues

• Several national and international initiatives: Compass4D,

Cooperative corridor, Scoop@F...

• The US.DoT announces regulation on V2X

communications Impulse to the industry

• European answer?

• Need of business models

• Extension to other areas: logistics, urban mobility?

C-ITS and automation

• Perception layer needs data fusion techniques

• C-ITS as a building block of automation

• Extending sensor range

• Interaction with other road users

• More R&D needed addressing this issue

• Legacy vehicles interaction, standards extension

New access technologies and risks

LTE and LTE Advanced

• Mobile technology mature enough to start competing

with IEEE 802.11p

• Latency is low enough for non-safety critical apps.

• Due to be V2I based

• Robustness is still under discussion

• Under control of the operators which can exploit the

spectrum.

• ETSI G5 is cost free but needs deployment

• Deployment issues

• LTE Direct

• M2M communications V2V

• Uses LTE spectrum – Does not need BSS

• Lower costs due to massive production

• Still not in the market

• Heterogeneous communications are foreseen

New access technologies and risks

Spectrum allocation

• New IEE802.11ac and beyond

• They need more spectrum

• The C-ITS spectrum has been targeted

• Specially difficult in the US (80 MHz)

• It is very important to protect the C-ITS spectrum:

• Chip designers to start again

• Not clear how robustness can be affected

Other technologies to follow up

• Digital maps

• Visible Light Communications

• GNSS and augmentation

• GALILEO and GPS2 approaching

• Minimum accuracy for C-ITS and automation apps

For further information:

Applus IDIADA

Main Technical Centre

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future trends on electronics and communications earpa ......dr. arne bartels – volkswagen – trb...

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