i

FUZZY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SMART

HOME APPLICATION

NIK NOR NATASHA AQILAH BINTI NEK LEH

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY) WITH

HONORS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2020

ii

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report based on my original work except for quotations and citation,

which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or

concurrently submitted for any other degree at University Sultan Zainal Abidin or other

institutions.

Signature : ………………………………..

Name : Nik Nor Natasha Aqilah binti Nek Leh

Date : 16th July 2020

iii

CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that:

The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision.

Signature : ………………………………….

Name : Dr Aznida Hayati Binti Zakaria@Mohamad

Date : 16th July 2020

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DEDICATION

All praise is due to Allah who has given me this opportunity to conduct this report for this

final year project.

I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my family and friends who supported me

and encourage me throughout the process of completing my project. I would like to express

my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor Dr Aznida Hayati Binti Zakaria @

Mohamad for encourage, guidance, critics, advice, motivation and supports. This project

would not have been completed without continue support from them.

I have learned more from this subject about the way to conduct a project research. Every

single thing that I learned from my supervisor, I accepted as a valuable experience in my life.

I will always remember all the knowledge and guidance that I have obtained. Also, sincere

thanks to all my fellow friends for their help in completing my final project.

v

ABSTRACT

The ever-growing use of smart devices has already influenced all aspects of human

life and has triggered the emergence of the smart home. Not to be mentioned, the different

parts of a Smart Home are researched but there are still distances from an applicable system,

using the modern technology. This paper presents the Smart Home system necessary for

controlling the house based on mobile application and microcontroller. The system is able to

monitor and control room temperature which is air conditioner and lights in the house using

fuzzy logic. The main aim of the prototype development is to reduce electricity wastage by

facilitating the home owner to optimize the usage of electricity through remote control using

mobile application. This is because the usage of the electricity were increased drastically

nowadays. Furthermore, this system also provide ease of control which support special needs

of the elderly and people with disabilities. Mobile application was used for sending message

from user’s mobile phone that automatically enable the controller to take any further action

such as to switch ON and OFF the home appliances such as lights and air conditioner. The

system is activated when user open and used the application in their mobile which then send

the signal to controller at home. Upon receiving the signal from mobile application, the

microcontroller unit then automatically controls the electrical home appliances by switching

ON or OFF the device according to the user order. In other words, it read signal from the

mobile phone and response to control the devices according to the received signal. This fuzzy

control system for smart home application could provide an effective mechanism in utilizing

the energy source efficiently.

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ABSTRAK

Penggunaan peranti pintar yang semakin berkembang telah mempengaruhi semua

aspek kehidupan manusia dan telah mencetuskan kemunculan rumah pintar. Bahagian-

bahagian yang berbeza dari Rumah Pintar diteliti tetapi masih jauh dari sistem yang terpakai,

menggunakan teknologi moden. Jadi, projek ini membentangkan sistem Smart Home yang

diperlukan untuk mengawal rumah berdasarkan aplikasi mudah alih dan mikrokontroler.

Sistem ini dapat memantau dan mengawal suhu bilik yang merupakan penghawa dingin dan

lampu di dalam rumah menggunakan fuzzy logic. Tujuan utama pembangunan prototaip

adalah untuk mengurangkan pembaziran elektrik dengan memudahkan pemilik rumah untuk

mengoptimumkan penggunaan elektrik melalui alat kawalan jauh menggunakan aplikasi

mudah alih. Ini kerana penggunaan elektrik meningkat secara drastik pada masa kini. Selain

itu, sistem ini juga menyediakan kemudahan kawalan yang menyokong keperluan khas orang

tua dan orang kurang upaya. Aplikasi mudah alih digunakan untuk menghantar mesej dari

telefon pintar pengguna yang secara automatik membolehkan pengawal mengambil tindakan

lanjut seperti beralih ON dan OFF peralatan rumah seperti lampu dan penghawa dingin.

Sistem ini diaktifkan apabila pengguna membuka dan menggunakan aplikasi dalam telefon

pintar mereka yang kemudiannya menghantar isyarat kepada pengawal di rumah. Apabila

menerima isyarat dari aplikasi mudah alih, unit mikrokontroller kemudian mengawal

peralatan rumah elektrik secara automatik dengan menukar atau mematikan peranti mengikut

pesanan pengguna. Dalam erti kata lain, ia membaca isyarat dari telefon dan bertindak balas

untuk mengawal peranti mengikut isyarat yang diterima. Sistem kawalan fuzzy untuk aplikasi

rumah pintar dapat menyediakan mekanisme yang berkesan dalam menggunakan sumber

tenaga yang efisien.

vii

CONTENTS

FUZZY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SMART ........................................................................ i

HOME APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... i

DECLARATION .................................................................................................................. ii

CONFIRMATION ............................................................................................................... iii

DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... v

ABSTRAK........................................................................................................................... vi

CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. x

CHAPTER I ......................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Problem Statement ....................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Objective ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Limitation .................................................................................................................... 4

1.6 Expected Result ........................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................................... 5

LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5

2.2 Related Works ............................................................................................................. 6

2.2.1 Smart Home Automation System........................................................................... 6

2.2.2 Home Automation System using Android .............................................................. 7

2.2.3 Android Based Automation System for the next Generation of Technology using

Wi-Fi ............................................................................................................................. 8

viii

2.2.4 SHAS-IoT : Smart Home Automation System (SHAS) using Internet of Things

(IoT) to Improve Safety and Security ............................................................................. 9

2.2.5 An Internet of Things Based Air Conditioning and Lighting Control System for

Smart Home ................................................................................................................. 10

2.2.6 Smart Home Control by using Raspberry Pi & Arduino UNO ............................. 11

2.2.7 Advanced Home Automation System Using Raspberry pi and Arduino ............... 12

2.2.8 Smart GSM Based Home Automation System ..................................................... 13

2.2.9 Social Networks of Things for Smart Homes Using Fuzzy Logic......................... 14

CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................................... 15

METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................. 15

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15

3.2 Methodology Phases .................................................................................................. 16

3.2.1 Planning .............................................................................................................. 17

3.2.2 Data Model (Requirement) .................................................................................. 17

3.2.3 Design ................................................................................................................. 21

3.2.4 Implementation ................................................................................................... 24

3.2.5 Testing ................................................................................................................ 24

3.2.6 Deployment ......................................................................................................... 25

3.3 Summary ................................................................................................................... 25

CHAPTER IV ..................................................................................................................... 26

IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................................... 26

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 26

4.2 Project Implementation .............................................................................................. 27

4.3 Expected Result ......................................................................................................... 28

4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................... 33

CHAPTER V ...................................................................................................................... 34

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 34

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 34

ix

5.2 Contribution .............................................................................................................. 35

5.3 Constraint .................................................................................................................. 35

5.4 Future Work .............................................................................................................. 36

5.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 36

APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 37

APPENDIX 1 .................................................................................................................. 37

APPENDIX 2 .................................................................................................................. 38

APPENDIX 3 .................................................................................................................. 39

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 44

x

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Agile Development Model Methodology 16

2 Circuit diagram of DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor 21

3 Circuit diagram of PIR sensor 21

4 Framework of the system 22

5 Flowchart of the Smart Home System 22

6 Flow chart for smart switch node sends status to Android app 23

7 Flow chart for Android app sends status to smart switch node 23

8 Complete circuit of system 27

9 To install the RPi.GPIO package 28

10 Code for PIR sensor 29

11 Result show movement not detected when the PIR sensor 29

is stay still

12 Result show movement detected if the PIR sensor is moving 30

13 Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor 30

14 Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor 31

15 Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor 31

xi

16 Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor 32

17 Blynk Smart Home user interfaces for air conditioning 32

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The use of electricity is very important as one of the main source of energy that is

crucial in this modern life. Some kinds of mechanism using available technology could be

used to reduce wastage in electricity usage. Hence a prototype based on a microcontroller

device using mobile application is developed. It can automatically control any electrical

equipment at home remotely using mobile phone. So the electrical energy saving in daily

life can be made more efficient and effective.

Mobile application technology has been widely accepted as a part of medium of

communication. The purpose of using mobile application is to provide widest coverage at

minimal cost. Then the use of mobile application would facilitate in controlling the

electrical device at home from long distance and low in maintenance and independent

from any physical geographical boundary. At the present time, people use electrical

energy as one of the main source of power of energy to operate any electrical device or

2

appliance. Most of the people turn on the light and air conditioner for 24 hours per day

even when they are away from home. Leaving the light and air conditioner turned on

continuously, lead to energy waste.

Thus this project which is Fuzzy Control System for Smart Home Application is

proposed to develop a system to facilitate the home owner to optimize usage of electricity

remotely using mobile application.

1.2 Problem Statement

There are several problems that have been identify in this project. This problem

statement will be the core statements in improving the existing system which are:

i. People with disabilities face the problem

Disable people might find it a problem as they need to move around to

switch on or off their home appliances such as air conditioner and lighting.

ii. Waste time

If the appliances is on in the users house while they are on their way to

work or maybe they already at the office, it might take some time to come

back home just to switch it off. It is frustrated and nuisance if their

workplace is far from home.

3

iii. Electricity wastage

People is too busy with their daily life, working from morning and back at

home at night. Sometimes they forgot to check whether the appliances in

their home is switch off or not as they leave the home.

1.3 Objective

i. To propose the design of the Fuzzy Control System for Smart Home

Application anywhere at any time.

ii. To implement the design of the model into Smart Home System.

iii. To test and evaluate whether the Smart Home System developed is fully

functioned.

1.4 Scope

This project focuses on two scope:

1. Scope of client which is to all people that has house.

2. Scope of technology which is this technology will use Raspberry pi kit.

4

1.5 Limitation

This project is only work in a wireless network connection to send the signal to the

microcontroller and sensor at home. Next, this project only use the battery for power supply.

1.6 Expected Result

At the end of this project, the expected outcome from this project will be :

i. Able to help users to control and monitor the appliances in order to control

appliances usage.

ii. The Fuzzy Control System for Smart Home Application is fully developed,

installed and functioned for user to use.

5

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Literature review is a text of scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge

including substantive findings, as well as a theoretical and methodological contribution to a

related works. There are a few devices related to Electrical Control System for Smart Home

Application (Air Conditioner). However, most of the devices did meet the requirement that

needed by the users.

6

2.2 Related Works

2.2.1 Smart Home Automation System

According to this article [1], Smart home automation system is a web based

application that allows user to monitor home appliances using mobile devices. This system

established for the entire home user after gaining access from administrator. This system

includes remote control and monitoring domestic appliances, security and energy

management. Once all the appliances in home are automated and connected it important to

consider issue of security authentication and access control.

The implementation and design of this project done by using three methods, motion

sensor technology, RF remote control and Wi-Fi Router hand held to control of the selective

home devices. The software consists of assembly language for programming microcontroller

and visual basic language that use to communicate between transmitter and receiver model.

The system is created for energy efficient housing that was optimized for low cost.

7

2.2.2 Home Automation System using Android

In this article [2], target of this venture is to build up with Android application

controlled Bluetooth which is the input is taken in the Android. The framework executes

Bluetooth innovation to give remote access from the cell phone. Bluetooth operation is

accomplished by any PDA/Tablet and so forth with Android OS, upon a GUI (Graphical User

Interface) based touch Screen operation.

This article states that the switches status is synchronized in all the control framework

while each one of the UI demonstrates the constant existing switches status. Android

application goes about as the transmitter, which sends ON/OFF orders to the collector where

loads are associated. This invention has secure connection channels amongst application and

Raspberry pi. It has the utilization of secure conventions over Bluetooth with the goal that

different gadgets can't control the appliances. The framework expected to control electrical

machines and gadgets in-house with generally minimal effort outline, easy to use interface,

and simplicity of establishment.

8

2.2.3 Android Based Automation System for the next Generation of Technology using

Wi-Fi

This article [3] is a project focused on a design of monitoring and controlling home

automation system from an android application based on Raspberry Pi. This system uses Wi-

Fi technology as a communication protocol to connect system components. This system focus

on two main component which is the first one is android application that can give orders to

units that one wishes to control by locally or remotely and the second one is Raspberry pi that

has an appropriate interface to sensors and appliances of a home automation system and

finally able to communicates with android application through wireless technology.

Android is used as the operating system in this project as it is the most suitable OS to

run the system. The Andoid code is installed as an executable on the phone, which then

communicate with the java server on the computer system. Java language is used as the

communication for the system to run and complete. The designed system not only monitors

the sensor data, like temperature, gas, light, motion sensors, but also actuates a process

according to the requirement, for example switching on the light when it gets dark. It also

stores the sensor parameters in the cloud (Gmail) in a timely manner.

This will help the user to analyze the condition of various parameters in the home anytime

anywhere.

9

2.2.4 SHAS-IoT : Smart Home Automation System (SHAS) using Internet of Things

(IoT) to Improve Safety and Security

In this article [4], this project tell us how SHAS-IOT provides high degree of security

and safety also energy saving. This project includes a description of SHAS-IoT that enable of

monitoring sensors and remotely controlling actuators to flexibly construct security and

safety services. Basically, this project which contains SHAS-IoT refers to automation of

home appliances which can be viewed from security, automatic monitoring and controlling

view. The major element of this project are sensors network, Arduino and mobile application.

From a home security perspective, this project includes alarm system, smoke

detectors and all of the doors lighting, cameras and other sensors. This system is built by

combining many communication protocols such as ZigBee, GSM, WiFi into wireless

network through a standard home gateway. This home gateway actually works as a central

control unit that manages the overall communication.

There are two scenarios in building SHAS-IoT. The first scenario is smart home

remote system. For this scenario, the Bluetooth module is turned n and begin to send and

receive from the mobile. User need to sign up in the mobile application by personal data then

user can start sign in at that exact time. For example, if user choose room one, user can

control every device in the room by clicking turn in or off.

Then, the second scenario is full control automatic within the home. In this scenario,

all sensors work in case there are a person in the home. For example, if user enter the home

or any room, user can see the action happened by sensor for every part in the home.

10

2.2.5 An Internet of Things Based Air Conditioning and Lighting Control System for

Smart Home

This article [5] proposed an IoT based system which provides the controls the controls

of air conditioning and lighting devices in a smart home. The system proposed provides both

heat comfort and energy savings to the households. This system includes switches and

sensors that communicate with a central axis which are sometimes called “gateways”. These

“gateways” are control systems with a user interface that interact with a tablet, mobile phone

or computer and the network connectivity of these systems is managed by IoT.

This system works when the residents leave their smart homes, the devices inside

their homes automatically turn off. The residents use mobile devices for this system instead

of a physical key. For this smart home application, the NodeMCU WiFi module with

embedded system architecture and the Arduino Pro Mini 328P microcontroller are used.

NodeMCU WiFi has a modular structure with built-in WiFi feature which its programmable

feature makes it possible to implement internet applications of objects at low costs. Arduino

Pro Mini acts as an RF receiver module DHT22 temperature humidity sensor is used to take

the temperature and humidity information of the medium.

11

2.2.6 Smart Home Control by using Raspberry Pi & Arduino UNO

This paper [6] presents a flexible and an inexpensive home control and monitoring

system by utilizing network based on Raspberry Pi and using Arduino Microcontroller. The

interface between the Access Point and switches with IP connectivity for accessing devices

and appliances and controlling it remotely will be made by using Android based Smartphone

application or server computer. This switch node connected to electrical devices that can be

controlled using sensor and remotely controlled through an access point, the Smart Switch

system for Smart Home development consists of two major parts that are smart switch device

and the access point. The main hardware for this system contain: Raspberry Pi, Arduino

Microcontroller, nRF24L0+ Wireless Transceiver, Relay Modules, Gang Switches, Lamps,

Plugs, Sensors and Wire Set. Expected outcomes from this system: programming by using

Python that comes built-in with Raspbian, Wireless module adapter to make connections

between the Arduino Microcontroller and nRF24L0+ Wireless Transceiver.

This paper has system development for monitoring and determining the confidence of

fire in a building presented shows the Raspberry Pi’s power in home automation. Thus the

developed Raspberry Pi prototype Sensor Web node is based on RESTful services and

constructed in order to build the infrastructure that supports fast critical event signalling and

remote access through the Internet to sensor data (the detection of critical events is performed

by using fuzzy logic). Both shown client mean for data processing is just one possible way of

application. Use Raspberry Pi as a Sensor Web node with the presented approach makes its

applications endless.

12

2.2.7 Advanced Home Automation System Using Raspberry pi and Arduino

This article [7] proposed a cost effective system to achieve such automation system

based on IoT concept. All the devices of this system are connected to Raspberry Pi. This

system also provides a facility to control all home appliances locally without the internet via

a local network. Raspberry Pi runs a web server to host a web -based control interface and a

SQL database to maintain the current status of appliances. The interface can be accessed

through the internet or locally without the internet. The automatic re-start mechanism makes

the system more efficient. Raspberry Pi is used as it is a powerful computer and supports the

latest web technologies and databases.

The proposed system controls home appliances remotely using Raspberry Pi. The

Raspberry Pi receives commands from the user through a web interface and executes a shell

command to generate a control signal for Arduino. Then, relay switches are controlled by the

Arduino according to the control signal. The system requires the following components; A

hotspot ( wireless internet connectivity or pocket router) to provide internet connection to the

Raspberry Pi; A Raspberry Pi which acts as a web server, SQL server and also a control unit;

Dataplicity to remotely access Raspberry Pi from anywhere in the world via internet without

DynDNS, VPN, static IP or Port forwarding("Dataplicity: Remotely Control your Raspberry

Pi "); Web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to control the system("Web Interface,");

Arduino to control relay switch according to the control signal sent by the Pi.

For the restart mechanism All of the appliances are connected with the Arduino. So, if

Arduino is reset, all appliances will be turned off automatically. When the power goes off, the

Pi will be off. That means the server will go offline. The appliances will not get into their

previous state after restarting the server. To prevent this problem a python script is used.

When the server will reboot this script will run automatically and restore the previous state.

13

2.2.8 Smart GSM Based Home Automation System

The article [8] Smart GSM Based Home Automation System is focused on

functionality of the GSM protocol, which allows the user to control the target system away

from residential using the frequency bandwidths. It is the implementation of the home

automation technology using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modem to

control home appliances such as light, conditional system, and security system via Short

Message Service (SMS) text messages. This system applied the concept of serial

communication and AT-commands towards development of the smart GSM-based home

automation system.

The system works when the home owners will be able to receive feedback status of

any home appliances under control whether switched on or off remotely from their mobile

phones. PIC16F887 microcontroller with the integration of GSM provides the smart

automated house system with the desired baud rate of 9600 bps. In this proposed system

design, incoming SMS message is sent from the user phone to the GSM modem as a text

message via cellular network. The GSM modem then sends the commands in text mode to the

PIC microcontroller using an RS232 interface. The RS232 voltage levels are at ±12V

whereas both the microcontroller input and output operates at 0V to +5V. Since RS232 is not

compatible with microcontroller, MAX232 is utilized to enable the communication between

both the GSM modem and PIC microcontroller by converting RS232 level signals to TTL

level signal. Outgoing message from the system containing the home appliances status is

delivered to the mobile phone through GSM modem.

Among the cellular technologies, GSM network is preferred for the communication

between the home appliances and the user due to its wide spread coverage [8,9] which makes

the whole system online for almost all the time.

14

2.2.9 Social Networks of Things for Smart Homes Using Fuzzy Logic

This article [9] presents an approach for Smart Homes using Fuzzy Logic. The

proposed study provides solutions for development of smart homes and proposed a model for

inter Smart home communication. This approach not only gets real time data from internal

sensors rather it also includes input from local weather station for Fuzzification and

Defuzzification process to produce results in real time. The aim of proposed system is to

provide dynamic information and communication between nearby as well as remote smart

homes.

The proposed model provide an economical solution for inter-smart home

communication because in the proposed Smart Home network system it is not necessary to

deploy or install sensors for input in every node (home) rather it only needs one home form a

cluster to be equipped with sensors or smart objects in order to share the sensory information

to its own as well as other clusters within smart home network using fuzzy cloud services.

This system receives sensory inputs within Fuzzy cloud and on the basis of

knowledge base including Scaling Function, Fuzzy Rules and Membership functions fuzzy

rule base system process it to produce output after fuzzification and defuzzification using

inference engine. Any Logic based on multiple values regarding truth values or any real

number between “0” and “1” of a variable is called fuzzy logic that is used to perform the

concept of partial truth in which truth vale may be between completely true and false.

15

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Methodology is the outline of the way a process or task will be carried out. Thus, the

development of this device is carried out by applying the methodology of Electrical Control

System for Smart Home Application (Air Conditioner) development. The development of this

project is carried out by applying the methodology of Agile Development. Figure below

shows the iterative and incremental model that is chosen to develop the project. This model is

chosen because the project can be developed through repeated cycle which is iterative. The

project can be proceeds if there are any changes in the middle of the project.

16

3.2 Methodology Phases

This model consists of six phases which are planning, requirement, analysis and design,

implementation, testing and deployment.

Figure 1 : Agile Development Model Methodology

17

3.2.1 Planning

The first step of the Agile Development is planning where in this step included the

development of Raspberry pi and implemented coding from the Raspberry pi. By referring

from previous project, Raspberry pi is an important part in this project because Raspberry pi

is the main part of this project and will be attached with others part and sensor. This step also

include the development of selection the right sensor that 40 kHz ultrasonic sensor

(HCSR04). This step is important to develop the Raspberry pi board to combined with the

ultrasonic sensor to give signal to the sensor at home whether to switch on or off the air

conditioner.

3.2.2 Data Model (Requirement)

3.2.2.1 Software

3.2.2.1.1 Raspberry Pi OS

Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) is a Debian based

operating system for Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi OS is a free

operating system that runs on the Raspberry Pi single-board

computer. Raspberry Pi OS is a software that are used to write

and run code to the Raspberry Pi. It is easy to use and flexible.

18

3.2.2.1.2 Google Firebase

Google Firebase is a Google-backed application development

software that enables developers to develop iOS, Android and

Web apps. Firebase provides tools for tracking analytics,

reporting and fixing app crashes, creating marketing and

product experiment.

3.2.2.1.3 Python

Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level

programming language with dynamic semantics. Python's

simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore

reduces the cost of program maintenance.

3.2.2.1.4 Blynk

Blynk is an IOT platform developed for iOS and Android

applications that allows controllers such as Arduino, Raspberry

Pi, ESP32, NodeMCU to be controlled over the internet.

19

3.2.2.2 Hardware

3.2.2.2.1 Raspberry Pi

A Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer originally

designed for education, inspired by the 1981 BBC Micro. The

Raspberry Pi is open hardware, with the exception of the

primary chip on the Raspberry Pi, the BroadcommSoC (System

on a Chip), which runs many of the main components of the

board–CPU, graphics, memory, the USB controller, etc.

3.2.2.2.2 PIR motion sensor

This PIR sensors signals produce are only high (motion

detected) and low (no motion detected). With this signal feed

into the controller, the controller will able to notice the present

of the human and thus takes appropriate action on the lights.

3.2.2.2.3 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

Provides digital temperature and humidity readings. Really

easy to set up, and only requires one wire for the data signal.

20

3.2.2.2.4 Relay Module

A relay is an electrically-operated switch. These switches can

be extremely useful for a variety of Raspberry Pi projects (think

turning on a light).

3.2.2.2.5 Mini Breadboard

The modern breadboard is a plug-and-play way to make

connections between electronic components. It is easy to setup.

To connect all the input and output of the circuit.

3.2.2.2.6 ESP8266 WiFi

A self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack

that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network.

The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or

offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another

application processor.

3.2.2.2.7 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that

changes with the light intensity that falls upon it. This allows

them to be used in light sensing circuits.

21

3.2.3 Design

This step is required so that the flow of project will be successful. In this step, a design of a

circuit as shown as in figure below.

Figure 2 : Circuit diagram of DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor

Figure 3 : Circuit diagram of PIR sensor

22

Figure 4 : Framework of the system

Figure 5 : Flowchart of the Smart Home System

23

Figure 6 : Flow chart for smart switch node sends status to Android app

Figure 7 : Flow chart for Android app sends status to smart switch node

24

The flowchart of the Smart Home System shows that when the power is ON, all of the

component will start working, the Raspberry pi will connect to the wireless network. When

the network establish, the PIR sensor, LDR sensor and DHT11 Temperature and Humidity

sensor will generate pulse. Smart switch node will send status to base station. Raspberry Pi at

the access point will receives status and send status to hosting server. Hosting server receives

status and store at database. The server reads status at database, then show and update the

result in ON/OFF button. The information will be send to user’s smartphone in term of

notification.

3.2.4 Implementation

After the design phase has been develop, the configuration and the coding of the

Raspberry is implement. The circuit is installed and connected. The coding for the pulse of

waves include the 1-minute looping time for generate the pulse. If else rule is used in the

coding to determine whether there has obstacle or not.

3.2.5 Testing

In this step the complete circuit will be test. If there is still error occurred, it will be

solve in this step. If there is any change need to implement, the project must start back at

design step for revision flow.

25

3.2.6 Deployment

After the circuit has been completely installed without error, the complete circuit will

be attached.

3.3 Summary

In this chapter, the methodology of the project is explained. The flow of this project

followed the steps that need to develop the Smart Home System. The requirement of the

hardware and software is listed properly for the development of the Smart Home System.

26

CHAPTER IV

IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Introduction

The core of Fuzzy Control System for Smart Home Application is Raspberry Pi

programming board and Blynk iOS and Android Interface Developer to show how mobile

apps can be used for controlling the smart home. Blynk is an IOT platform developed for iOS

and Android applications that allows controllers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32,

NodeMCU to be controlled over the internet. In this chapter, the system will be tested and

implemented. Testing and implementation is about to construct the system as specific design

that has been developed in previous phase, methodically verified to ensure that they are error-

free and fully meets user requirements. This phase should be done before a system is fully

utilized. This chapter will cover the correct mechanism on testing the system based on the

correct implementation.

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4.2 Project Implementation

System implementation is the process of defining how the information system should

be built like the physical system design and as well as ensuring that the information system is

operational and used. At the same time the system developed must meets the quality standard

to sync with the quality assurance.

Figure 8: Complete circuit of system

The complete circuit of the Fuzzy Control System for Smart Home Application is

fully developed. Before attaching the circuit in the home, the circuit must be tested first to see

if it is working. The assembler of the circuit must be handled carefully as many wire is

connected to each other. The test is running for multiple time to make sure that the system is

28

fully function. After finalized all the function and fix the problem, the circuit is ready to be

attached.

After that, all the sensor and wire were placed in their position. Then , the testing is

made to make sure all the sensors and board fully function. The circuit board will be placed

in a suitable place in the home to see if it can be operated without any problem occur after

that.

4.3 Expected Result

Figure 9 : To install the RPi.GPIO package

29

Figure 10 : Code for PIR sensor

Figure 11 : Result show movement not detected when the PIR sensor is stay still

30

Figure 12 : Result show movement detected if the PIR sensor is moving

Figure 13 : Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor

31

Figure 14 : Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor

Figure 15 : Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor

32

Figure 16 : Coding for DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor

Figure 17 : Blynk Smart Home user interfaces for air conditioning

33

For the application shown in Figure 17, the measured temperature and humidity

values are compared with the set values by means of the code written to the controller to

control the air conditioning devices. The communication between the Raspberry Pi and the

devices is provided wirelessly by the RF modules. Relay module contacts connected to the

digital outputs of the Raspberry Pi enable both the on/off control of the air conditioner and

the adjustment of the parameters.

4.4 Summary

As a conclusion, this chapter covers the implementation of code into the system,

interface design and testing of the system. The complete implementation of the Fuzzy Control

System for Smart Home Application can be used for all kind of house. This system will be

automatically turn on when user downloaded the application for this smart home. The system

achieve the objective of the system.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction

In this chapter, I will discuss the contribution, constraint, conclusion, and future

works of the project. The conclusion of the system discussed about the final product of the

system for the user that using the system. Project constraint will discussed the state of all

difficulty that have been faced throughout the development of the project. The future work

will discuss about the suggestion for the project and whether it is functioned or not.

35

5.2 Contribution

Fuzzy Control System for Smart Home Application is able to help in making

automated system for home facilities. At the very same time, the management of the

appliances and the summary of home consumption will be decreased as user can control it.

This will help very much as the focus is providing a system that can manage the energy usage

efficiently. Since the appliances can be manage by the end users, the system is highly

scalability. After having the platform, the android base platform will be built to meet the need

for user friendly interface.

5.3 Constraint

While completing this project, there are several constraints that come up throughout

the implementation of the project. The first one will be the wired connection between all the

sensors, Raspberry Pi and NodeMCU that have to face and overcome in this project. This is

because the wired connection for this prototype are not tight and easily detached. It is quite

difficult to setup all the sensors to their position and need to make sure all the wire is nicely

managed so that it is not easily detached. This is because if the wire is placed incorrectly, it

will affect the whole system and will make the sensor not working properly.

The second one will be the internet connectivity which is one of the biggest problems

that need to cope with. This is because the main function of this system is to send notification

to user’s smartphone. So the system must always connect to internet to send the data and

36

notification to smartphone. The poor connection of WiFi forced us to use our own wireless

network and it must always active to do the project.

5.4 Future Work

Here are some suggestion for the system to work more efficient in future. The

suggestions are:

Improve the apps by using voice command to control the appliances.

Use bigger memory for Raspberry Pi to afford all the sensors coding.

Big data analytics on the collected data using appropriate tools and techniques.

5.5 Conclusion

As a conclusion, this system is expected to be able to control the list of appliances

according to the system. It will help users to control the appliances in order to control

appliances usage. Having too much electric appliances inside the home may cause increasing

the rate of usage and expenditure to the household. Automated home system can oversee

energy more efficiently for various appliances anytime and anywhere. Lastly, this project

bring benefit to people by ease their daily life in form of monitored and controlled home

appliances to them via smartphone.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1

Task FYP1 W

1

W

2

W

3

W

4

W

5

W

6

W

7

W

8

W

9

W

10

W

11

W

12

W

13

W

14

Project Title

Proposal

Research

Proposal

Presentation

Development

of

Methodology

Report

Drafting of

Proposal

Final

Presentation

Report

Submission

Table 1: Gantt chart of FYP 1

38

APPENDIX 2

Task FYP 2 W

1

W

2

W

3

W

4

W

5

W

6

W

7

W

8

W

9

W

10

W

11

W

12

W

13

W

14

Design Interface

Implementation

and

Development

Presentation 1

Documentation

Added value and

Testing

Final

Presentation

Report

Submission

Table 2: Gantt chart of FYP 2

39

APPENDIX 3

Sketch of Raspberry Pi OS

#!/usr/bin/env python

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time

PIR_OUT_PIN = 11 # pin11

def setup():

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) # Numbers GPIOs by physical location

GPIO.setup(PIR_OUT_PIN, GPIO.IN) # Set BtnPin's mode is input

def loop():

while True:

if GPIO.input(PIR_OUT_PIN) == GPIO.LOW:

print '...Movement not detected!'

else:

print 'Movement detected!...'

def destroy():

GPIO.cleanup() # Release resource

if __name__ == '__main__': # Program start from here

setup()

40

try:

loop()

except KeyboardInterrupt: # When 'Ctrl+C' is pressed, the child program destroy() will be

executed.

destroy()

DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time

channel = 18

data = []

j = 0

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

time.sleep(1)

GPIO.setup(channel, GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.output(channel, GPIO.LOW)

time.sleep(0.02)

GPIO.output(channel, GPIO.HIGH)

41

GPIO.setup(channel, GPIO.IN)

while GPIO.input(channel) == GPIO.LOW:

continue

while GPIO.input(channel) == GPIO.HIGH:

continue

while j < 40:

k = 0

while GPIO.input(channel) == GPIO.LOW:

continue

while GPIO.input(channel) == GPIO.HIGH:

k += 1

if k > 100:

break

if k < 8:

data.append(0)

else:

data.append(1)

j += 1

print "sensor is working."

print data

42

humidity_bit = data[0:8]

humidity_point_bit = data[8:16]

temperature_bit = data[16:24]

temperature_point_bit = data[24:32]

check_bit = data[32:40]

humidity = 0

humidity_point = 0

temperature = 0

temperature_point = 0

check = 0

for i in range(8):

humidity += humidity_bit[i] * 2 ** (7 - i)

humidity_point += humidity_point_bit[i] * 2 ** (7 - i)

temperature += temperature_bit[i] * 2 ** (7 - i)

temperature_point += temperature_point_bit[i] * 2 ** (7 - i)

check += check_bit[i] * 2 ** (7 - i)

tmp = humidity + humidity_point + temperature + temperature_point

if check == tmp:

print "temperature : ", temperature, ", humidity : " , humidity

43

else:

print "wrong"

print "temperature : ", temperature, ", humidity : " , humidity, " check : ", check, " tmp : ",

tmp

GPIO.cleanup()

44

REFERENCES

[1] A.S.Biradar, S.B.Dhage, V.V.Jamadar, H.S.Kasar, Prof.Javed Shaikh.“

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2016.

[2] Mahabub Rabbani “ Home Automation System Using Android”

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[3] Prachi Bhure, Naziya Pathan, Shyam Dubey “Android Based Automation

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2016.

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[5] Mehmet Taştan, Hayrettin Gökozan “An Internet of Things Based Air

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45

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[9] Muhammad AsadUllah, Sagheer Abbas, Naila Samar Naz, Syed Saqib

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