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363�

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GE N E R A L I N DE X

Ab/hitob, 249abandonment, 2, 4, 8, 10, 95, 163, 170–1, 173,

185, 189, 191, 193, 197, 218, 247, 250abrasion, 40, See also wearabstraction, 18, 79, 225, 240access, 15, 34, 42–3, 53, 57–8, 62, 64, 66–8, 76,

85, 191–2, 213, 236, 245–6, 254–5, 301, See also circulation

accounts, 29, 247, See also inscription(s)Achna, 228Acropolis, 8, See also Kition-Bamboulaactivity (activities), 9, 15–16, 23, 26, 31, 34, 42,

53–4, 58, 62–5, 67–8, 71, 75–7, 102, 112, 121, 125–6, 143, 153, 160, 162–3, 172, 183, 189, 191, 206, 209, 211, 216, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 303, See also specifi c activities

actor(s), 16, 149Adelman, Charles, 166, 180, 196–8, 232, 234–5,

238, 241, 255, 328administration, 14, 17–18, 26–7, 29, 31–5, 63–5,

67, 69, 77–8, 90, 115, 143, 152, 218, 236, 246–7, 251, 253–5, See also bureaucracy, inscription(s)

adornment, 57, 89, 105, 126, 228adze, 54Aegean, 3, 5, 28, 31, 90, 94, 117, 143, 160, 214,

252–4, 256, 278

age(s), 121, 160, 236, 242–3agency, 16–17, 157, 244–5agent(s), 16–18, 24agreements, 18agriculture, 238, 254Akkadian, 27–8, 150Akko, 69alabaster, 96–7alarm, 143Alashiya, 259–60Alassa, 312alluvium, 166, 171, 173, 185, 197, 199alphabet, 27–8, 32, 68, 70, 95, 119, 217Altar

D: 161, 302F: 85, 302

altar(s), 53, 57, 62, 64, 67–8, 82, 88, 126, 156, 160–1, 203, See also specifi c altars

Amathus, 119, 174–5, 178, 181, 188, 197–8, 203, 205, 207–8, 213, 228, 230–1, 234–5, 240, 249, 251, 254–6, 261, 278, 290, 310, 312, 315–17, 319, 329

ambiguity, 25, 38, 127, 143, 299Amon, 48amphora(e), 32, 69–70, 76, 83, 96–7, 111,

146, 150, 169–70, 174, 177–8, 187–8, 197–200, 202–3, 209, 211, 224, 237, 273, 276, 284, 292, 307–8, 315, 320, 322, 329

Note on general index: This index references or cross-references subjects in the book, including specifi c contexts; and structures at Kition. altars, bothroi, courtyards, fl oors, hearths, ovens, pits, rooms, streets, temenoi, temples, tombs, towers, and wells that appear in the Kition publications by Vassos Karageorghis (particularly in Karageorghis 1974a, 1985, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2005 and Karageorghis and Demas 1985a–c) are indexed here. Specifi c objects from these and the excavations by the French Mission (Yon and Caubet 1985) are referenced in a separate objects index.

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364 �

General Index

amphoriskos (amphoriskoi), 96–7, 256, 269, 284amulet(s), 17, 19–22, 35, 41, 65, 69, 88–90, 107,

109–10, 120, 146–7, 149, 152, 246, 254, 299, See also seal(s)

Anatolia, 3, 9, 299Anatolian pottery, 9, 119anchor(s), 32, 80, 116anchorage(s), 10, 81animal(s), 14, 16, 19, 21–3, 38, 51, 63–5, 68, 71,

77, 79–80, 86, 90, 93, 97, 102–4, 106–7, 109–11, 113–16, 118, 120–1, 127, 138, 140–1, 143, 149–50, 152, 156–7, 159–60, 200–1, 209, 248–9, 281, 287–8, 292, 296, See also specifi c animals

annexation, 11antler(s), 103, 110–11Anubis, 147Aphrodite, 188, 243, 255apotropaic symbol, 19, 54, 109, 120, 146–7,

248appeasement, 13apprentice, 241Aradippou, 228archaeologist(s), 2, 5, 15, 221, 224, 230archaeology, 2–3, 6, 10, 14–17, 19, 23–4, 31, 79,

164, 221, 230, 237, 255Archaic period, 213, 231archer, 111architecture, 4–6, 18, 66, 69, 80, 83, 85, 97, 161,

164, 166, 171–3, 192–4, 218, 220–1, 228, 271, 274, 278

archive(s), 15, 29, 31, 251, 263, See also inscription(s)

AreaI: 8, 168, 171, 252, 281, See Kition-

ChrysopolitissaII: 8, 164, 168, 171–2, 185, See Kition-KathariIV: 8, 168

arm(s), 21, 77, 80, 127–31, 133–4, 136, 138, 140–3, 145, 153, 242, 249, 252, 293, 296

armies, 250arrowhead, 267, 273art historian(s), 5, 224art history, 221art(s), 1–2, 5–6, 10, 15, 18–19, 21, 23, 25–6, 101,

155, 164, 217, 220–1, 241–4, 251–4, 257, 266, See also specifi c arts

artisan(s), 35, 89, 234, 237artist(s), 233–4, 266artistic tradition, 2, 19, 240ash(es), 53, 62, 86, 97, 173, 185, 192, 197, 200,

202–3, 267ashlar(s), 4, 9, 11, 53, 66–7, 80–2, 85, 97, 112,

118, 143, 162, 190, 193, 245, 249, 252Ashmolean Museum, 227Ashurbanipal, 251Asia Minor, 228askos (askoi), 114, 117, 152, 289–90

assemblage(s), 8, 16, 111, 166, 174, 183, 189, 202, 206, 209, 217, 232, 237

association(s), 15–16, 280, 295Assur, 30Assyrian(s), 10–11, 28, 89, 140, 146, 163, 193,

218–19, 245, 250–1, 254, 261Astarte, 69, 146, 172, 250astragalomancy, 250astragalus (astragali), 103, 156–9, 201, 301–2Åström,

Lena, 221Paul, 221

Athena, 292Athens, 251Atlantic Ocean, 2atomic absorption spectrometry, 233attachment(s), 32, 54, 58, 60–1, 65, 78, 85, 98,

101, 105, 150–1, 153, 156, 161, 233, 242, 248, 267–71, 273, 280, 285, 290, 294

attack, 13, 156Attic pottery, 95, 120, 213–14, 271, 275,

289–90, 321–2audience(s), 13–14authentication, 29authority (authorities), 9, 16–18, 27, 29, 51, 75,

77–8, 88–90, 93, 97, 109–10, 115, 121, 125, 134, 141–3, 163, 236, 243–9, 251, 253–4, 290

awl, 267Ayia Irini, 203, 228, 315, 317

Baal, 11, 31, 69, 146, 193, 245, 250Baalmalok I, 251baby, 133, 153Babylonian, 31, 33, 45, 150baking, 32, 62, 160, 248balance, 9, 11, 85, 152, 163, 244–5, 247, 249,

253–4ball(s), 29, 65, 156–7, 263, 273bard, 143, 299barrel

jug(s), 207, 217, 226–7, 329juglet(s), 189, 207, 217, 241

basalt, 11, 245, 277Base Ring

ware, 58, 64, 101, 134, 153, 161, 252, 268–70, 273–4, 283, 286

Wheelmade ware, 59, 270basin(s), 32, 35, 38, 40, 42, 66, 68, 71, 76, 102,

110, 123, 246, 274, 277basket(s), 86, 96–7, 128basket-handled jug, 178bead(s), 54, 58, 61–2, 65, 68, 115, 159, 201,

267–71, 273–4beard(s), 35, 50, 121–2, 135–6, 142–3, 145, 242,

248, 292, 297beater(s), 35, 263, 273Beazley, Sir John Davidson, 234




365�

General Index

bell(s), 143, 299bench(es), 57, 64, 88, 160, 200Benson, Jack, 234Bes, 59, 61, 90–1, 146–7, 162, 281, 284Bible, 5Bichrome

Red ware, 177, 187, 224, 275, 317, 319ware, 24, 170, 172, 174, 176, 183, 187,

202–4, 207, 212, 217, 222–4, 227, 231, 237, 242, 256, 283–4, 290, 304, 311, 313, 316–21

Wheelmade ware, 282–3biconical juglets, 189, 201, 211Bignasca, Andrea, 150Bikai, Patricia, 172, 215–18, 229bird(s), 21, 71, 77, 90, 95, 103, 113–17, 146,

151–3, 155, 188, 198, 201, 223, 233–4, 268, 282, 286, 290–1, 300, 315

Birmingham, Judy, 231Black Lustrous Wheelmade ware, 64, 273Black Polished ware, 320Black Slip

Bichrome ware, 196, 224, 314Painted ware, 224, 313–14ware, 24, 170, 196, 200–1, 222, 224, 236,

238, 241, 273, 308, 316–17Black-on-Red ware, 24, 170, 181–4, 186–9,

200–9, 211, 216–17, 222–4, 226–7, 229–31, 237, 243, 256, 304, 310–11, 317–21

blinkers, 112boat(s), 80, 116bone(s), 35, 53, 62, 77, 102–3, 110–11, 116,

156–7, 159–60, 200–1, 209, 237, 263, 268, 270–1, 273, 285, 291

border(s), 6, 11Bothros

1: 59, 69, 147, 163, 1972: 44, 82–4, 86–7, 114–15, 117, 126, 153–5,

176, 179, 196–9, 212, 271, 278–80, 283, 286, 288–9, 294–5, 301, 315, 328

3: 195–6, 208–9, 212, 215–16, 3204: 77, 155, 177, 182–3, 186–7, 195–6, 208–9,

212, 215–16, 275, 283, 302–3, 319–215: 90, 155–6, 183, 186, 195–6, 208–9, 212,

215–16, 275, 284, 301–2, 319–206A: 69–70, 85, 88, 108–9, 143, 264–5, 275–8,

284–5, 287, 290, 292, 295, 297, 299, 303, 322

9: 68–70, 88, 97, 187, 195–6, 210–13, 215–16, 273, 275–6, 279–80, 283–5, 288, 290, 292, 294–7, 299–300, 303, 312, 321–2

9A: 68, 70, 97, 121, 195–6, 210–12, 215–16, 275, 284, 293, 299, 312, 321–2

10: 77, 86, 88, 96–7, 110, 155, 176, 182, 184, 195–6, 200–9, 212, 215–17, 279, 283–4, 287, 302, 311, 317–19

11: 195–6, 208, 212, 21612: 183–4, 195–6, 208–9, 212, 214, 216,

319–2113: 183, 196, 198–200, 210, 212–15, 282, 298,

316, 32213A: 76, 108, 183–4, 196, 198–200, 212–14,

273, 282, 287, 289, 293, 300, 302, 316, 322

14: 21116: 115, 128, 132, 134, 146–7, 151, 153, 159,

195–6, 204, 210–12, 215–16, 271, 275, 289, 293–5, 297, 299–300, 302, 321

17: 88, 284, 289, 299–300, 30319: 44, 83, 96, 122, 124, 150, 196, 198, 212,

279, 283, 293, 300, 31419+20: 86, 176, 182, 196, 198, 212, 278–9,

283, 295, 313–14, 32820: 44, 83–4, 122, 156, 177, 180, 196–8, 212,

273, 278–9, 283, 285, 288, 292–5, 301, 303, 313–14, 328

21: 121, 196, 210, 212, 215–16, 273, 293, 295, 297, 302–3, 320–1

23: 136, 196, 199, 210, 212, 216, 297, 32123+13: 65, 210, 275, 289, 295, 299, 30324: 44, 195–7, 200, 212, 274, 31525: 183, 195–6, 198–200, 212, 215, 31626: 183, 195–6, 198, 200, 212, 215, 279,

30226A: 195–6, 198, 200, 212

bothros (bothroi), 26, 65, 77, 85, 95–6, 103, 112, 121, 134, 141, 146, 155–6, 159, 162, 183, 188–9, 195–8, 200–2, 208–9, 211, 213, 215–16, 219, 302, See also specifi c bothroi

bottle(s), 65, 93–4, 99, 268, 272–3, 295–6boundary (boundaries), 25, 80, 152, 236, 254bovine(s), 63, 88, 90, 104–12, 158–9, 248, 250,

286–7, See also bull(s), cattle, cow(s), ox(en)

bowl(s), 25, 58, 61, 64, 67, 69, 83, 86, 88, 93, 95–7, 101, 128, 146, 150, 153, 155, 169–70, 174–8, 181–4, 186–9, 197–209, 211, 216, 224, 226, 232, 234–5, 238, 240–1, 250, 255–6, 261, 268–70, 273–5, 279, 281, 290–2, 310, 318–19, 321–2, See also specifi c bowl shapes

boxer(s), 118, 281, 291–2bracelet, 126, 271, 274breast(s), 126–7, 130, 132, 134, 136, 143, 162,

292, 296British Museum, 222, 317Brodie, Neil J., 217broken objects, 2, 16, 30, 48, 54, 69, 71, 88, 105,

123, 125, 128, 153bronze, 2, 29–30, 32–4, 37, 51, 54–5, 58, 61–2,

68, 76–7, 89, 105–6, 111, 120, 126, 135, 140–1, 201, 242, 246, 267, 269–71, 273–7, See also specifi c object types




366 �

General Index

Bronze Age, 1–3, 6, 8, 13–14, 19, 25–8, 49, 75, 80, 163–5, 190–1, 216, 222, 244, 256, 329

Bucchero ware, 222, 315bucranium (bucrania), 106–7, 246, 248builders, 14, 66building(s), 3–5, 8–11, 14–16, 23, 26, 32–3, 35,

51, 53–5, 57–9, 61–2, 64–8, 71, 74–5, 77, 79–85, 93, 96, 103–4, 118, 126–7, 138, 141, 146, 149, 152–3, 155–6, 158, 162–3, 165–7, 169–70, 172–3, 188, 191–3, 195, 202, 208–9, 211, 213, 215, 218, 244–8, 250, 252–3, 255–6, 261, 267, 278, 280, 303, See also architecture, structure(s), specifi c buildings

bull(s), 20, 58, 71, 77, 80, 103–4, 106–7, 109–10, 113, 125, 142, 201, 209, 248, 250, 284, 286–7, 302, See also bovine(s)

bureaucracy, 4, 17, See also administration, archive(s), inscription(s)

burial(s), 5, 9, 15, 89, 101, 106, 153, 163, 195–6, 198, 205, 229, 236, 252, 255, 280, 287–8, See also funerary deposit(s), tomb(s)

burner(s), 88, 143burning, 2, 53, 57–8, 62, 86, 88, 110, 160, 173,

192–3, 201–2, 249, 279, 302burnisher, 33, 61, 270–1butchering, 158, 302byproducts, 38, 143, 160

cabinet, 155, 201calcarenite, 273–4, 301calculation, 14, 152, See also count(s),

number(s), measurementcalendar, 254Callot, Olivier, 66, 192Canaanite, 10, 268, 315canine, 106cap, 78, 128, 135–7, 140–2, 299Cape Gelidonya, 2, 31capital(s), 66–7caprid(s), 64, 90, 106, 281, See also goat(s)capsule(s), 65, 97–102, 161, 252capturing, 111, 143carbon-14, 214, 221, 231, 256, 322carbonization, 97, 200carinated bowl(s), 95, 175, 181–2, 186–8, 202,

205, 209carnelian, 48–50, 268carpenters, 14carpentry, 61, 246carvers, 89carving(s), 2, 40–1, 50, 58–9, 61–3, 71, 76,

80–2, 89–90, 92, 106, 115, 120–1, 141, 237, 242, 245–6, 266, 281

castingbronze, 30, 58, 76–7, 89, 135, 140,

269, 274of lots, 65, 155–9, 250

castration, 103–4, 143Catling, Hector, 214cattle, 102–4, 106–7, 109–12, 114, 143, 157–9,

162, 201, 301–2, See also bovine(s)Caubet, Annie, 168cavalry, 138centaur(s), 140–1centralization, 4, 10, 17, 33, 67, 77–8, 80, 86, 97,

163, 227, 237–8, 240, 243–5, 247, 249, 251, 253

ceramic(s), 2, 6, 8–10, 19, 23–6, 30, 52, 54, 58, 61, 67–8, 75, 83, 90, 94–7, 100–1, 104–5, 114–15, 117, 119–20, 126, 153, 155, 161, 164, 166–7, 170, 172, 174, 176–80, 182–4, 186–9, 191, 193, 195–6, 198, 200–2, 204–5, 207–9, 211–20, 222–38, 240–3, 246–7, 255–7, 292, See also specifi c regional or ware types

ceremony (ceremonies), 4–5, 14, 23, 54, 93, 103, 106, 111, 143, 160–2, 201, 254–5, 329, See also cult, rites of passage, ritual(s), religion

Cesnola, Luigi Palma di, 222chair(s), 88–90, 146, 281, 288chalices, 55, 93, 118, 268, 281, 291chalk, 64, 76, 95, 201, 264, 269, 271, 273–4channel(s), 38, 40, 42, 57–8, 66, 76, 102chariot, 114, 290chert, 273Chian pottery, 322child(ren), 134, 147, 158, 249, 299childbirth, 90, 134, 146chin, 121, 136, 153, 297China, 23chronology (chronologies), 6, 23–6, 166–7, 171,

189, 205–6, 214–16, 218, 220–2, 224–7, 229–33, 243, 256, 322

chronotype, 25Chytroi, 249, 251Cilicia, 119circulation, 85, 120, 152, 166–7, 257, See also

accesscistern(s), 195, 237, 256, 302citadels, 2, 4city (cities), 1–4, 6, 8–11, 13, 21, 26, 145, 153,

172–3, 193, 218, 242, 244, 251, 253–5, 261

city wall, 8, 114, 156, 166, 168–71, 173–4, 185–6, 189–93, 212, 245, 289, 310

clappers, 143classifi cation(s), 23–5, 80, 166, 172, 174–5,

181–3, 196–8, 200, 202–3, 205, 220–4, 226, 228, 231–2, 242, 256, 311, 318, 324, See also typology

clay, 5, 17, 23, 27, 29–32, 35, 56, 59, 62, 65, 69, 77, 79, 88, 103–4, 120–1, 128, 140, 147, 150, 153, 156, 166, 207, 223, 237, 242–3, 248, 263, 271, 273, 276–7, 293




367�

General Index

cloth, 10, 36, 57, 68, 85, 97, 100–1, 118, 129–30, 132, 136, 240, 242, 264, See also fi bers, textile(s)

clothing, 6, 126, 130, 134, 143Cnidian Peninsula, 276coarseware, 62, 160, 169, 170, 174–5, 211, 224,

268, 273–4, 307, 310–11, 321coast, 2–5, 9, 11, 30–1, 69, 119, 150, 153, 203,

255cold working, 54Coldstream, Nicolas, 207, 213–14, 231, 233collapse, 2, 167, 169, 186collection, 2, 27, 34, 53–5, 68, 78, 94, 102, 118,

153, 157, 162, 197, 210, 222, 246–7, 249Collombier, Anne-Marie, 190colonialism, 11colonization, 11colony, 10–11, 207color, 10, 25, 35, 85, 99–100, 118, 142, 223–4,

237, 238column(s), 64, 66–7, 201, 244combat, 106, 156, 288commerce, 241commercial, 241–2commodity (commodities), 11, 14, 26–7, 31, 33,

48, 51, 54, 57, 67, 97, 162, 300communication(s), 1, 14, 16–18, 22, 27, 68, 93,

110, 121, 127, 150, 155, 245, 249, 261, 301

community (communities), 5, 15, 17–18, 35, 68, 77, 162, 252

competition, 252–3complexity (complexities), 1, 14, 17–18, 24, 227,

244, 252, 260composite, 59, 106, 115, 150composition(s), 81, 117, 155, 226, 253confl ict(s), 14, 89, 140, 219, 250conical bowl(s), 96–7, 187–8, 205, 209connoisseurship, 234conoid, 32, 37, 50conquest, 7, 11consumption, 27, 77, 97, 225, 234contest(s), 71, 110, 125, 156, 287context(s), 3, 6, 10, 15–17, 19, 21–5, 27, 29, 32–5,

70, 75, 80, 86, 95, 100, 106, 223, 225, 228, 231–5, 240–1, 246, 250–1, 253, 302, 317, See also specifi c types of context

continuity, 2–3, 6, 8, 11, 24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 57, 62, 64, 66–8, 76, 82, 88, 119, 132, 134, 138, 156, 163–4, 166, 169–74, 189–95, 199, 209, 211, 218, 220–1, 233, 237, 244–5, 248–9, 251, 255, 259, 282

contradiction in scale, 23, 83, 97, 152control, 1, 2, 5, 10–11, 14, 16–19, 21–2, 26–7,

29, 33, 35, 51, 66, 78–9, 83, 85, 89, 97, 111–12, 116, 125, 143, 146–7, 149–50, 152–3, 155, 163, 193, 209, 219, 227, 243–7, 249–4, 260, 288

conus shell(s), 33, 54–5, 159copper, 1–2, 6, 42, 55, 76, 201, 245, 264, 271,

273, 280coresident group(s), 15, 236coroplast(s), 14, 120Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum (CVA), 222cosmetics, 115cosmos, 23, 115, 150, 248count(s), 14, 27, 29, 31, 36, See also calculation,

inscription(s), number(s), tallycourt, 13Courtois, Jacques-Claude, 32–3, 55, 59Courtyard

A: 55, 62, 64–5, 93, 121, 127, 133–4, 137, 143, 145, 147, 149, 181, 185, 214, 275, 279–80, 282, 284–5, 287–9, 292–7, 299, 305–8, 310–11, 321–2

A-Street: 88–9, 133, 275, 280, 288, 293–5, 297, 321–2

B: 51, 65, 102, 108, 134, 143, 156–7, 162, 185, 214, 273, 279, 287, 289, 295–7, 301, 303, 322

B-Street: 275, 288, 297, 299, 321C: 33–5, 39–40, 50, 54, 78, 87–8, 97–8,

102, 108, 115–16, 121, 128, 134, 141, 158–9, 162, 175, 183, 191, 264, 275, 277, 279–81, 284–5, 288–90, 292–7, 299, 302–3, 306, 310–11, 321–2

D: 50, 185, 265–6, 275, 279, 283, 285, 287, 299, 301, 307, 311, 321

E: 101, 283, 285, 291F: 280H: 280

courtyard(s), 34, 38, 40, 42, 57–8, 64, 67, 74–5, 109, 138, 152, 157, 162, 191, 200, 246, 266, 287, 291, See also specifi c courtyards

cover(s), 85–6covered building, 66, 85cow(s), 104–5, 107, 248, 250, See also

bovine(s)co-working groups, 15cradle, 153craft(s), 9, 31, 33–4, 38, 51, 53–4, 57–8, 64–5,

67–8, 71, 75–6, 159, 221, 235–6, 241, 246–7, 254, See also specifi c crafts

craftsmanship, 2craftspeople, 14, 43, 62, 80, 89, 235crater(s), 68, 86, 95, 97, 106, 109, 111, 114, 132,

242, 268, 273–4, 282–4, 286, 289–2, 294, 321

cremation, 252crescent and disk, 85, 250, 266Crete, 28, 207, 228, 252crisis (crises), 14, 64, 85crocus, 160crop, 101crucible(s), 42, 54, 68, 75–6, 271, 273




368 �

General Index

cult, 5, 8–9, 15–16, 26, 31, 53–4, 58, 62, 64, 78, 85–6, 112, 127, 134, 143, 146, 152, 158, 192, 195, 227, 235, 237–8, 250, 253–6, 267, 271

cultivation, 101cuneiform, 5, 27–9, 157, 245, 263cup(s), 86, 93, 95–7, 250, 292, 322curation, 29, 207curtain, 85, 242curvilinear design, 225customers, 2cut marks, 280cutting stone, 33Cycladic pottery, 95, 213–14, 321cycle(s), 23, 97, 134cyclical cooperation, 253cylinder seal(s), 32, 39–40, 49–50, 59, 64, 71,

74, 76–7, 90, 92, 97, 106–7, 110, 115–16, 146, 155, 246, 284, 291

cylinders, inscribed, 29Cypriot

pottery, 6, 24, 67, 95–6, 113, 116, 120, 134, 165–7, 172, 174, 178, 182, 186–9, 191, 199, 201–2, 206–7, 211, 215–18, 221–2, 224–5, 227–34, 236–8, 241–4, 250, 255–6, 290, See also specifi c types of Cypriot pottery

syllabary, 28–31, 70, 119, 160, 240Cypro

-Archaic period: 8, 24, 29–30, 32, 100, 143, 160, 166, 188, 190, 199, 203, 221, 225, 227, 231, 233, 235–6, 255, 302

-Classical period: 24, 29–30, 77, 166, 171, 173, 190–1, 221, 225, 255

-Geometric period: 8, 24, 67, 164, 166–8, 171–2, 180–1, 189–90, 196–7, 199, 203, 206–7, 221, 223, 225, 227, 230–3, 235–8, 241–3, 255–6

-Minoan: 28–9, 31–2, 59–60, 115, 156–7, 161, 273, 290

Cyprus. See passimGeological Survey, 190Museum, 86, 222–3, 227–8, 234, 242, 279,

325

dagger, 61, 270damage(s), 8, 13, 33, 164, 186, 190–3, 195, 245,

247, 249, 261, 281dance, 161date palm, 97, 155, 284Davis, R., 22de Long, A. J., 22dead, 10, 16, 18, 100, 128, 155, 236, 252, 301deben, 31–3, 36, 51, 264, 267debris, 39, 53, 58–9, 66, 69, 76, 134, 159, 162,

167, 169–70, 173, 185, 191–2, 197, 199, 212, 218, 237, 246, 261, 300, 304

decay, 6, 190, 192

decoration, 23–5, 55, 58, 83, 85–6, 88, 93, 95–6, 98, 101, 105, 107–8, 111, 114, 122–3, 126, 128, 133, 141, 161, 175–81, 184, 187–8, 196, 198–9, 202–3, 205, 207–8, 211, 214, 216–17, 222–7, 230–1, 234–8, 241, 243, 250, 255–6, 274, 278, 283, See also specifi c types of decoration

dedication(s), 31, 64, 67, 69, 146, 193, 238, 245, 275

deer, 102–3, 110, 201deity (deities), 1, 14, 17, 27, 31, 48, 62, 64, 69,

80, 103, 110, 112, 120, 127–8, 143, 146–7, 162, 227, 245, 252–4, See also god(s), goddess(es), specifi c deities

Demas, Martha, 66, 168, 172–4, 185, 190–1, 197, 199

Demetriou, Andreas, 231Department of Antiquities of Cyprus, 8, 16, 26,

164, 171, 189, 325Deshayes, Jean, 223–4design(s), 4, 11, 34, 38, 40–1, 57, 60–1, 66, 69,

83, 85–6, 88, 95, 100–2, 106, 146, 152, 163, 174–5, 178, 180–1, 187–9, 191–3, 197–9, 202, 214, 221, 229, 232, 234–5, 238, 240, 246, 290, 328

designers, 66destination, 30, 35detail(s), 19, 21, 54, 63, 83, 86, 95, 106, 109,

125–6, 129–30, 133–4, 136, 138, 145, 147, 153, 221, 226, 240

detergents, 35, 87diabase, 59, 77, 270–1diachronic relationships, 21–2, 24diadems, 100diaspora populations, 3dice, 157diff erence(s), 11, 13, 17, 21–5, 78, 83, 111,

172, 220, 225, 227, 229, 234–5, 254, 281, 303

Dikaios, Porphyrios, 252diorama(s), 19disasters, 1, 14, 26, 121, 125, 136, 156, 162, 189dish(es), 83, 86, 95, 174–5, 178–9, 196–8, 211,

226, 232, 235, 237–8, 240–1, 250, 256, 273, 328

display, 3, 5, 10–11, 14, 86, 103, 107, 110, 174–6, 179, 187, 199

distribution, 2, 31, 235, 247, 249divination, 18, 34, 55, 102–3, 152, 155, 157–60,

162, 247–50, 252, 301divine, 13–15, 17–18, 23, 27, 54, 68, 88, 90, 110,

134, 160, 254diviners, 18docks, 6, 81, 190document(s), 3, 13, 18, 29–30, 69, 79, 254, See

also inscription(s), text(s), writingdog, 102–3, 289doll, 19




369�

General Index

domestic contexts, 5–6, 34, 70–1, 75, 86, 106, 108–9, 112, 120, 134, 138, 146–7, 152, 166, 213, 218, 235, 237, 247, 250, 255–6, 262, 286, 293, 301

donkey(s), 102–3doorway(s), 51, 83, 85, 111double, 300

bowl burners, 88register design, 71, 90, 146, 266, 281-sided objects, 90

Douglas, Mary, 253–4dowries, 6draining liquid, 57–8dress, 127, 129–30, 132–3, 242–3, 299drillwork, 39, 60, 63, 71, 98, 115, 281, 290, 302drinking, 14, 25, 53–4, 62, 86, 93–5, 97, 114,

209, 249–50, 283Dromolaxia-Vyzakia, 9ducks, 114dwarf, 146–7dwellings, 15dye(s), 10, 34, 68, 85, 103, 116, 118, 265dyeworks, 118dynamic context, 15, 79dynamics, 17, 21–3, 26, 220, 257

ear(s), 121, 126, 128, 140earring(s), 21, 54, 61, 107, 109–10, 267, 270earthquake(s), 2, 8, 15, 42, 63, 82, 85, 125, 136,

156, 163–4, 166, 169–70, 173, 185, 190, 192–3, 212, 245

East Greek pottery, 321–2economy, 3, 5, 11, 14, 16–17, 21, 32, 34, 51, 69,

77, 79–80, 85, 102, 125, 152, 155, 162–3, 172, 220, 243–7, 249, 251–2, 254

effi gy, 252eggshell(s), 64–5, 103Egypt, 3, 28, 30–1, 69, 80, 88, 90, 93, 119, 150,

228Egyptian

faience, 93, 95, 119, 141fi gures, 49material, 119, 147, 150objects, 6, 9texts, 5, 28, 299weights, 31, 33, 36, 51, 71, 119, 150, 245

Egyptianizing fi gures, 49, 147elephant, 280Elliott, Carolyn, 32emphasis, 22, 25, 79, 85, 126, 129, 146, 250engraving, 30, 63, 101, 116, 266Enkomi, 5, 9, 29–30, 55, 65, 100, 106, 140, 156,

252, 255, 268, 285, 293, 329environment, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 79, 118, 190,

244, 251, 253–4ephemeral surfaces, 29epics, 5epigraphy, 251

Episkopi, See also Kourion-Bamboula, 229-Kaloriziki, 229, 234

Esarhaddon, 251ethnography, 23, 193, 236–7Euboean pottery, 95, 213–14, 273, 283, 290,

321–2eunuch(s), 16, 143, 299evolution, 23, 263excavation(s), 1–3, 5–8, 14–16, 19, 24, 26, 34,

143, 164–6, 168, 171–3, 185, 189–91, 221–4, 228–31, 237, 245, 249, 252, 255–6

exchange(s), 1–2, 6, 9–11, 18, 26, 28, 31, 93, 116, 152, 207, 217–18, 221, 227, 229, 233, 251, 254

exotica, 2, 103, 115, 213experimental study, 23eye(s), 63, 93, 113, 120–2, 125, 128, 147, 152eyebrow(s), 125–6, 128

fabric, ceramic, 24–5, 59, 64, 134, 181, 221–6, 233, 236, 257

fabrics, textile, 10, 36, 85façade, 81, 172, 194, 245face(s), 13, 21, 35, 86, 93–4, 104, 110, 120–2,

124–7, 129, 145, 153, 245, 248, 261, 281, 293, 296

facial hair, 121–2faience, 9, 19–20, 54, 65, 68–9, 88–9, 93, 95,

111, 119–20, 134, 141, 146–7, 149, 201, 254, 268–71, 273–4, 277, 286, 299

falcon, 69falconry, 115family (families), 3, 75, 80, 106, 120, 160, 213,

234–7, 241, 243, 246, 252famines, 2favissae, 195feasting, 14, 68, 254female(s), 16, 69, 111, 125–8, 130–5, 138, 141,

143, 146, 160, 162, 241, 247–50, 286, 292, 296, See also woman (women)

fertility, 147, 250fi bers, 5, 32, 38, 68, 85, 97, 103, 118, 264, See

also cloth, textile(s)fi bula, 271fi gural image(s), 14, 17, 19, 26, 34, 49, 51, 62,

77, 79, 85–6, 89–90, 101, 103–4, 106–7, 110–11, 116, 120, 133–4, 136, 140–1, 155–6, 197, 209, 229, 234, 245, 247–8, 254, See also specifi c type of fi gural images

fi gure(s), 13, 16–17, 19–21, 35, 39–41, 48–9, 59, 61, 63–4, 71, 77–8, 80, 83, 88–91, 93, 96, 105–7, 109–12, 114–17, 120, 125–30, 133–6, 138, 140–3, 145–8, 150–3, 155–6, 162, 178, 206, 233–4, 246–50, 252, 255, 266, 281, 284–9, 291–2, 295–300, See also specifi c types of fi gure(s)




370 �

General Index

fi gurine(s), 8, 17, 20–2, 51, 63–4, 77, 83, 88–90, 96–7, 106, 109–15, 120, 126–30, 132–6, 138, 140–2, 146–7, 149, 152–4, 158, 201, 209, 227, 247–9, 252, 288–9, 293–7, 299, 302, See also specifi c types of fi gurines

fi ller(s), 175, 178, 180, 197, 199, 225, 238fi lter, 56, 95fi neware(s), 54, 95–6, 215–16, 218, 323fi nger mark, 86–8fi ngers, 126–8, 293–4fi nial(s), 98, 100–1, 161–2, 267–8, 285fi nishing, 25, 54fi re(s), 2, 8, 10, 15, 66, 69, 160, 172, 188, 192–3,

200, 202, 210–12, 218–19, 244, 247, 299fi ring, 25, 59, 62, 64, 124, 134, 207, 223, 226,

236–8, 293fi rst millennium bce, 1–2, 5, 9, 28, 172fi sh, 95, 103, 114–16, 201, 233, 290–1fi shing, 32, 64, 116–17, 271Fitzwilliam Museum, 222fl ame(s), 82, 86, 248fl ask, 150, 272–3fl at carving style, 39, 63, 246fl ooding, 3, 8, 15, 42, 63, 82, 85, 102, 121, 125,

136, 152, 155–6, 162–4, 166, 173, 183, 185, 189–93, 195, 197–9, 212, 245, 247–9

Floor1: 57, 62, 171–2, 275, 3012: 32, 57, 59, 67–9, 77, 120, 147, 156, 162–3,

171–2, 197, 210–11, 218, 246, 301, 3032A: 8, 10–11, 34, 48, 64, 66–70, 76–8, 85,

88–9, 95–6, 107, 112–13, 119–21, 126–7, 134, 136, 138, 141, 143, 145–7, 153, 160, 162–3, 171–2, 188, 192–5, 199–202, 209–19, 244–5, 247, 249–51, 254, 264–5, 271, 273, 275–7, 280, 284, 287, 289, 292–7, 299–300, 303, 321–2

3: 8, 10, 32–4, 46, 51, 55, 62, 64–9, 76–8, 82, 86, 88–90, 95–7, 101–5, 109, 112, 115, 118–19, 121, 126, 128, 130, 132–4, 138, 141, 146–7, 153, 155–6, 158–9, 162, 166–7, 170–4, 183–9, 191–203, 205, 208–19, 245, 247, 249–50, 253, 256, 264, 271, 273–7, 279–80, 284–97, 299–303, 319, 321–2

3A: 57, 82, 156, 167, 172, 192, 198–9, 210–12, 216, 219

A: 171B: 171, 303below III: 33, 55, 267–8, 273below IIIA: 55, 64, 68, 129, 133, 265, 271–4,

279, 283–6, 294–5between 2A and 2: 77, 97, 106, 109, 115, 120,

133, 137, 139, 149, 156, 264–5, 271, 273, 275–7, 280, 284–5, 287–90, 292, 294–7, 299–301, 303, 322

between 3 and 2A: 65, 68, 133, 145–7, 149, 158, 184, 187–8, 207, 212, 215–17, 271,

273–7, 280, 283–4, 288, 291–7, 299, 302–3, 312, 321–2

between bedrock and IIIA: 266, 279between I and 3, 56, 65, 130, 135, 138, 147,

170–1, 182–5, 192, 198–200, 212–17, 271, 273, 279, 282, 287–97, 299, 302

between II and I: 50, 59, 64, 74, 85, 105, 115, 121, 123, 151–2, 173–8, 181, 183, 185, 196–7, 212, 256, 265–6, 271, 273, 279–83, 285–9, 291–2, 294–6, 299–300, 302–3, 328

between III and II: 55, 94, 101, 143, 264–6, 268–9, 271–4, 279–80, 282–7, 291, 302

between IIIA and III: 39, 50, 58–60, 91, 115–16, 146, 153, 156–7, 162, 264–74, 279–83, 285–8, 290–1, 299–301, 303

between IV and IIIA: 75, 141, 264–5, 268, 270, 274, 281, 286, 290, 293, 296, 299, 302

C: 171I: 8, 33–4, 43–4, 51, 53, 55, 57, 61–8, 74,

76–7, 81–2, 84–5, 95–7, 102, 105–7, 112–16, 119, 121, 125–8, 134, 136, 140, 142–3, 150, 152, 156–7, 159, 161–3, 166, 168, 170–4, 177–80, 182–6, 189–200, 210–12, 215–16, 219, 245, 247–8, 250, 256, 264–6, 270–4, 276, 279–84, 286–9, 293–303, 309, 328

IA: 166, 173, 212, 219II: 8, 33–5, 37, 42, 44–5, 48, 50–3, 55, 61,

64–5, 68, 73, 77, 82, 85, 87, 89, 93–4, 103–4, 106–8, 112, 114, 118–20, 126, 131–2, 135, 147–8, 150–2, 155, 157, 159, 161, 166, 170–1, 173, 175, 177, 183, 185, 189–90, 192–5, 197–200, 212, 218–19, 245–7, 264–8, 270–4, 276, 279, 281–92, 294–6, 299–302

III: 8, 33–4, 37, 40, 53–5, 57–9, 61–2, 64–5, 68, 94, 97, 115, 119, 143, 150, 158, 161–2, 171, 199, 200, 202, 264–5, 267–74, 276, 278–83, 285–90, 293, 300–3

IIIA: 8, 33–4, 36, 38–9, 42, 45, 50–1, 53, 57–8, 63–6, 68, 72–3, 82, 89, 98, 102–3, 119, 132, 150, 153, 156–7, 162, 171, 199–200, 246–7, 265–6, 270–4, 276, 279, 281–8, 290–1, 294–5, 299–303

IV: 8, 33–4, 36, 40, 50–1, 53–4, 57, 62, 65–6, 72, 74, 77–8, 93–5, 102, 119–20, 156, 168, 171, 173, 245, 247, 249, 265–9, 276, 280–3, 285–6, 288–9, 291–2, 294, 296

fl oor(s), 15, 21, 46–7, 57, 62, 65, 67, 83, 85, 155, 161, 165, 167, 170, 185, 195, 202, 213, See also specifi c fl oors

fl ower(s), 100–2, 105–6, 130, 229, 285fl ux (fl uxes), 103, 143




371�

General Index

focal point(s), 15, 23, 62, 107, 120, 142, 146, 189food(s), 2, 14, 31, 62, 76, 93, 97, 102–3, 110, 112,

128, 159–60, 248, 250, 252foot, 138, 140–1, 299footed bowl(s), 169–70, 211, 241foundation

deposit(s), 58, 63–4, 195, 200–1legends, 254

foundation(s), 3, 58, 62, 80, 172, 218French Mission, 7–8, 16, 26, 75, 164, 166, 168,

190fuel, 103, 248fumes, 67, 87funerary deposit(s), 3, 8, 112, 114, 129, 134, 141,

147, 152, 228, 283, 286, 299, See also burial(s), tomb(s)

furnace(s), 40, 42, 54, 68, 106, 111, 286furnishings, 6, 118, 149furniture, 2, 19, 58–9, 61, 64, 88–90, 93, 156,

202, 246future, 2, 13, 18, 23, 118, 121, 152, 155, 159–60,

162, 249–50, 252–3, 256

gabbro, 58, 77, 201, 266, 277gaming, 62, 65, 82, 103, 153, 155–7, 159, 162,

247, 249, 252, 273, 288gap in settlement, 3, 8, 55, 164, 169, 171–2, 189,

231garbage, 158, 170, 195, 197, 200, 280, See also

refusegarden, 66, 102, 162, 246garment, 128, 130, 278gender, 16, 93, 120–1, 126, 128, 143, 236, 241,

248, 252, 299generation(s), 3, 13, 29, 224, 236, 241, 246geology, 23, 190geometric design(s), 61, 83, 86, 88, 95, 128–9,

152, 229, 240Geometric period, 213–4geomorphology, 172, 190Georgiou, Georgos, 7, 190gesture(s), 78, 120, 126–8, 136, 141, 245, 277,

296Giff ord, J. A., 190Gilboa, Ayelet, 241Gjerstad, Einar, 2, 6, 8, 23–5, 165–7, 198, 207,

221–33, 235–6, 325glass, 2, 64–5, 68–9, 98–100, 156, 161, 249,

270–1, 273–4, 284–5goat(s), 51, 53, 69, 71, 102–3, 110–13, 142–3,

151–2, 157, 201, 288, 301–2, See also caprid(s)

goblet(s), 93, 97, 268god(s), 11, 13–4, 17, 53, 90–1, 110, 143, 146, 160,

163, 248, 250, 252–4, 275, 293, See also deity (deities)

goddess(es), 17, 69, 80, 110, 127, 146, 201, 243, 253–5, See also deity (deities)

gold, 5, 14, 20, 23, 54, 58–9, 68, 74, 92, 100–1, 105–7, 109–10, 115–16, 126, 242, 245–6, 267, 271, 273–5, 278

goods, 2, 9, 120, 236, 254Goshi, 228governance, 1, 9–11, 66, 140, 195, 218, 249–50,

254, 260graffi to (graffi ti), 44, 69, 82, 101, 285, See also

markinggrain, 97graver carving, 63Gray Polished ware, 311Greece, 2–3, 23, 26, 29, 95, 119, 157, 214, 217,

229, 236, 241, 253, 329Greek, 10, 28–9, 31, 70, 76, 95, 119, 160, 231,

271, 277objects, 6pottery, 9, 26, 32, 76, 95, 119–20, 172,

187–8, 202, 213, 215–16, 218–19, 234, 236, 321–2

griffi n, 155grinder(s), 33, 35, 54–5, 246, 277grinding, 32, 57, 76, 246grooved rim bowl(s), 181–2, 184, 197, 202gypsum, 61, 191, 193, 201, 273, 277–8, 295

habitation, 8, 164, 166, 171, 247hair, 103, 121–2, 125, 128, 132, 137, 299Hala Sultan Tekke, 9–10, 29, 65, 101, 118, 289hammers, 33hand(s), 13, 20–1, 77–8, 90, 115, 125–8, 140–3,

157, 242–3, 245, 288, 293of artists, 233–4, 238

handle(s), 31–2, 35, 44, 55, 59–61, 64–5, 67, 69–70, 75–6, 86–8, 90, 92–3, 113, 115, 150, 174–5, 177–8, 181, 184, 186–8, 196–8, 202–6, 209, 211, 217, 221, 226, 230, 269–70, 273, 275–7, 289, 307–8, 315, 320

handling, 19, 21–2, 51, 60, 86, 89–90, 110, 120, 126, 129, 134, 138, 157

handmade objects, 18, 21, 95, 118, 120, 124–5, 130, 134, 153, 296, 299

handwriting, 233–5, 269, See also inscription(s)harbor(s), 1, 4–7, 9–11, 23, 80–2, 153, 162, 171,

173, 189–92, 245, 249, 251hardness, 25hare, 102–3, 289harvesting, 97Hathor, 147Hatti, 253Hattusha, 253Hazor, 252head(s), 21, 35, 50–1, 63, 88, 100, 104–9, 111–13,

115, 121–2, 125, 127–9, 136, 140, 143, 145–7, 149, 151–2, 242, 281, 285–6, 288, 290, 292–3, 295, 299

headgear, 100, 110, 128–30, 250, 252




372 �

General Index

health, 236Hearth

D: 192E: 192

hearth(s), 53–4, 57, 61–2, 82, 88, 106, 126, 153, 156, 162, 245, 247–9, 267, See also specifi c hearths

Hellenistic period, 171, 221–2, 255helmet, 106, 136, 297hematite, 48–50, 71, 74, 92Hera, 14Herakles, 292Hermary, Antoine, 203, 256Herodotus, 13heterarchy, 18, 277hierarchy, 4, 11, 14, 18, 78, 251, 254hippopotamus, 280Hiram, 249historians, 5history, 5, 10, 13–14, 29, 156, 163, 172, 218,

220–1, 236, 254Hittite(s), 3, 13–14, 28, 30–1, 150, 252–3, 281,

287, 299hole-mouth jar, 211–12holy of holies, 53, 57, 62, 66–8, 125, 192, 209,

244, 246–8, 252–3, See also sanctuary (sanctuaries), temple(s)

Homer, 5, 253, 299hook, 271Horbat Rosh Zayit, 206–7horn(s), 86, 103–6, 109–11, 115, 127, 147, 152,

160, 162, 248–50, 281, 286–7, 302horse(s), 20, 80, 103, 111–14, 136, 138, 140–1,

288–90, 297, 302horse and rider(s), 80, 106, 111–12, 126, 135–6,

138–40, 146, 247, 250, See also rider(s)Horus, 147house(s),6, 19, 26, 53, 62, 64, 95–6, 152, 166,

236, 246–7, 254–5, 293household(s),34–5, 44, 71, 76–8, 152, 235–7,

240–1, 243, 246, 286, See also industry, workshop(s)

human(s), 10, 13–14, 16, 18–23, 26–7, 31, 54, 63–5, 68, 71, 80, 83, 86, 88–90, 93–4, 96–7, 103, 106, 110–11, 113, 115, 118–22, 124–7, 134, 138, 140–1, 143, 147, 149, 152–3, 160, 178, 206, 228, 247–8, 253–4, 281, 285, 287, 292, 296, See also child(ren), eunuch(s), female(s), male(s), man (men), woman (women)

Humbaba, 54, 146–8hunt, 106, 111, 115, 287

Iacovou, Maria, 225, 231–3, 236, 255–6iconography, 6, 16, 31, 141, 240Idalion, 11, 29–30, 174–5, 178, 197–8, 228, 230,

249, 251, 255–6, 319identity, 10, 17, 66, 121, 233, 254

ideograms, 32ideology, 17Iliad, 5, 253image(s), 1–2, 6, 10, 13, 16–19, 21–3, 26, 28, 34,

38, 51, 58, 77, 79–80, 88, 90, 93, 101, 103, 110–12, 115, 118, 120, 125, 127, 133–4, 140, 146–7, 160, 162–3, 209, 222, 234–5, 242, 245, 248–52, 254, 257, 266, 281, 291, See also specifi c types of images

imports, 9, 26, 28, 77, 88, 93–5, 97, 111, 116, 118, 120, 132, 147, 188, 195, 207, 213–15, 217–19, 282, 289–90, 321, See also specifi c types of imports

impression(s), 29–32, 49, 69, 71, 76, 92, 110, 246, 281, 287, 293, See also seal(s), sealing

I.nandıktepe, 299incense, 64, 86–8, 143, 248inclusions, 25individualism, 121, 142, 146–7, 162, 230,

233–4, 241, 253Indo-European, 27industry, 40, 54–5, 58, 103, 191, 193, 235, 240,

243, See also workshop(s), specifi c types of industries

infant, 147Ingot god, 252, 293ingot(s), 38, 55, 63–4, 246, 264inhabitant(s), 11, 79, 96inhaling, 65, 161ink, 28, 30, 77inland location, 4–5, 11, 251innovation(s), 16, 240–1, 243, 253inscription(s), 5–6, 11, 13, 28–32, 34–6, 44–8,

52, 55, 59–62, 64–5, 69–71, 75–6, 89, 91, 95, 115, 119, 146, 156–7, 160, 234, 245–6, 250–1, 260–1, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 292, 299, See also accounts, administration, Akkadian, alphabet, agreements, archive(s), bureaucracy, count(s), cuneiform, Cypriot syllabary, Cypro-Minoan, document(s), Egyptian texts, Greek, handwriting, ideograms, language(s), letters, library, Linear B, literacy, logograms, Luwian, marking, name(s), notches, number(s), ostrakon (ostraka), painted texts, palimpsest, papyrus, Phoenician, post-fi ring mark(s), potmark(s), pre-fi ring mark(s), readability, record(s), scribes, scripts, Semitic languages, sign(s), stylus (styli), syllabary, tablet(s), tally, text(s), Ugaritic, writing

instruments, 160interconnection(s), 1–2, 5–6, 9–10, 13, 24, 69,

119–20, 223, 232–3, 235, 241, 244, 253, 256

internal dynamics, 17, 23, 251, 253




373�

General Index

interpretive processes, 9, 16–17, 19, 23–6, 163, 165–7, 193, 202, 221, 244, 248, 256

Ionianpottery, 321

iron, 68, 162, 200–1, 237, 273–5, 277Iron Age, 1–6, 8, 10, 13–14, 18–19, 23, 25–8,

30–1, 80, 112, 163–6, 172, 189, 213, 216, 221–5, 227, 229–31, 233–7, 240, 243–4, 253, 255–7, 259, 277

Iron IIA: 206, 233Isis, 147ivory (ivories), 2, 5, 19, 29–30, 54, 58–61, 80,

89–93, 97–8, 100–2, 106, 111, 115–16, 132, 146, 156, 161, 246–7, 249, 268, 270, 273, 280, 285, 288, 303

jar(s), 31, 35, 44, 55–6, 64–5, 69, 96–7, 111, 117, 169, 174, 177, 211–12, 215–16, 218, 224, 268–9, 273, 281, 321

Jerusalem, 192jewelry, 55, 132, 134, 195jug(s), 25, 31, 35, 64, 86, 96, 116, 174, 178,

184, 187–8, 200–3, 207, 209, 211, 214, 216–18, 223, 226–7, 234–5, 256, 268–70, 273, 284, 289–91, 310, 315, 329

juglet(s), 64–5, 96–7, 150, 153, 161, 177, 184, 187–9, 200–3, 205–9, 217–18, 226–7, 241, 268, 273–4, 284, 319–20

juice, 98–9, 101, 161, 285

kalathos (kalathoi), 67, 83, 86, 95–6, 155, 174–5, 178, 180–1, 184, 197–8, 209, 235, 238, 255–6, 283

Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios, 5, 29–30, 35, 267Kamelarga, 7–8, 143, 145Karageorghis,

Jacqueline, 127Vassos, 7–8, 66, 102, 162, 164, 168, 171–2,

174, 181, 185, 188–90, 192, 195, 197, 199–200, 202, 207, 210–11, 213–14, 216–8, 232, 242–3, 256

Karpass, 228kernos (kernoi), 23, 111, 115, 149–53, 248, 252,

256, 300kidney, 55, 267kilim(s), 85, 238, 279, 328, See also tapestry

(tapestries)killing, 103, 172kiln(s), 191, 193–4, 236–7, 243kilt(s), 78, 141–2, 242, 299king(s), 10–11, 13–14, 78, 172, 245, 249–54,

261, 277kingdom(s), 3, 6, 10–11, 171, 238, 242, 251, 253,

261kitchenware, 224, 256Kition. See passim and specifi c localities,

buildings, deposits, and objects-Bamboula, 7–9, 11, 81, 90, 92, 111, 117, 120,

132, 142, 163–9, 173, 190, 228–31, 233, 245, 261, 280, 291–2

-Chrysopolitissa, 7–9, 20, 26, 34–5, 40–1, 49–50, 58–9, 71–7, 87, 92, 97–101, 106–7, 109, 111–12, 114–15, 123, 127, 138, 141, 146, 152, 157–8, 171, 245–7, 280, 285–8, 290–1, 296–7, 300, See also Area I

-Kathari, 7–9, 11, 20, 26, 32–4, 36, 38, 40–2, 44, 46, 48, 50–3, 56, 58–60, 62, 64, 70–1, 75–6, 78, 80–4, 86–7, 89, 91, 93–4, 96, 98–9, 102, 104–14, 116–17, 120, 122–5, 127–43, 145–9, 151, 153–9, 161–4, 166–7, 169–73, 175–7, 179–80, 182–4, 186–7, 189–95, 204–5, 207, 212, 214, 218, 230, 233, 237, 240, 245–8, 250, 264, 280, 285, 292, 299–300, 303, See also Area II

-Pervolia, 178Klirou-Manastirka, 238knife (knives), 54, 142, 200–1, 274, 277Knossos, 117, 207Koehl, Robert, 56kohl, 93Kouklia, 207–8, 228, 231, 255, See also

PalaepaphosKourion, 153, 174–5, 178, 197–8, 203, 207, 221,

228–32, 234–5, 240, 249, 251, 255–6, 325, See also Episkopi

Kouris River, 153kt, 9kylix (kylikes), 67, 94, 97, 268Kyrenia Mountains, 232Kythrea, 174–5, 178–80, 196–8, 232, 235, 238,

240, 328

label, 30, 146labor, 53, 78, 80, 82, 110Laconian pottery, 322ladder motifs, 97, 198, 282, 284, 315lagoon, 190Lamb, Winifred, 222lamp(s), 201, 273–4landscape(s), 22–3, 80, 136, 149, 245Lang, R. Hamilton, 222language(s), 11, 27–8, 69, 76, 119Lapithos, 174–5, 178–9, 181, 196–8, 207,

228–9, 232, 234–5, 238, 240, 249, 307, 310, 314, 325

large scale, 15, 18–19, 22, 33, 78, 80, 83, 105, 120, 125, 127, 129–30, 133–4, 136, 147, 227, 248, 251

Larnaca, 1, 9District Museum, 12

Late Bronze Age, 2–6, 8–10, 13–14, 18, 28–32, 37, 51, 65, 71, 77, 89–90, 93, 112, 119, 134, 147, 153, 164, 166, 168, 171, 190–1, 193, 198, 221, 232, 236–7, 240, 242, 246, 252, 255, 259, 277, 299




374 �

General Index

laundering, 97laws, 18layered images, 266, See also recarvinglayering, 15lead, 33, 35–6, 51, 54–5, 59, 68, 157–9, 267,

270–1, 273–4, 302Lebanon, 237Ledra, 251leg(s), 21, 51, 88, 104, 107–8, 110, 113–14, 126,

138, 140, 142–3, 292, 296, 299legitimization, 5, 29, 80, 163, 254letters, 27, 275Levant, 3, 11, 69, 88, 90, 116, 147, 190, 206–8,

217, 225, 231–3, 241, 252–3, 256, 329Levantine

objects, 6, 90, 141, 206pottery, 119, 206, 273–4, 283, 290–1

libation, 55library, 29, 263lid(s), 86, 188, 201, 268, 270, 290life-size, 10, 18–22, 80, 83, 93, 97, 103–4, 106,

114–15, 120–8, 130, 132, 148, 245, 247–8, 250, 252

light, 80–1Limassol, 230, 261lime, 193–4limestone, 76, 80, 88, 120, 126, 129, 141, 191,

264, 271, 274, 292, 299liminality, 16, 23, 90, 121, 127, 143, 152, 155,

162, 236, 248limonite, 45Lindros, John, 221linear

carving style, 39, 41, 115, 266scripts, 263sequence, 23

Linear B, 14, 29, 234linen, 97lion(s), 61, 90, 103, 111, 147, 156, 270,

281, 288lip(s), 100, 121liquid(s), 25, 31, 55–8, 68, 93, 95, 97, 100, 106,

114–15, 142, 150, 248, 281, 296, 300literacy, 14, 245, 251, 256literary references, 6, 251, 253, 255liver, 55, 160, 268living

beings, 16, 18, 103, 112, 301context, 15, 24, 253

logograms, 27–8long

-distance contacts, 1–2, 10, 116, 217, 221, 237, 254

-term solution, 18, 25, 30, 70, 79, 254loom, 32, 35, 65, 264, 276, 279, 328

weight(s), 32, 35, 57, 64–5, 97, 271, 273, 276–7

looters, 3, 106, 273, 286, 301

loss of objects, 6, 17, 228, 325lost-wax casting, 89Lulî, 11Luwian, 28luxury goods, 2, 90, 103, 106, 209, 236, 254

macehead(s), 5, 77, 141, 201, 209, 247–8macrocosm, 19maenads, 292magic, 17, 19, 106, 138, 152Maier, Franz Georg, 255mainland, 11, 13, 26, 163, 244–5, 251, 253male(s), 16, 20, 35, 50, 64, 77–8, 101, 104, 106,

110–11, 113, 117–18, 120, 121, 123, 125–7, 135–6, 138, 140–3, 145–6, 163, 242–3, 247–50, 281, 286, 291–2, 296–7, 299, See also man (men)

man (men), 13, 64, 68–9, 112, 115, 122, 126, 128, 136, 140–3, 146, 242, 250, 254, 275, 287, 292, See also male(s)

manufacturing, 16, 21, 25, 35, 59, 78, 80, 102, 120, 153, 162, 193, 217, 229, 233, 236–8, 243–4, 255, 291

marble, 77marbles, 65Mari, 299marine

environment, 190life, 116, 291

Marion, 181, 203, 208, 224, 228–30, 237, 251, 310–11, 317

maritime trade, 5marker, 233marking, 14, 18, 27–32, 34–5, 38, 44–5, 47–8,

51, 55–6, 59–60, 63–5, 67, 69, 71, 74, 76, 82, 122–3, 159–61, 245, 248, 266, 277, See also graffi to (graffi ti), inscription(s), post-fi ring mark(s), potmark(s), pre-fi ring mark(s)

Maroni, 5-Tsaroukkas, 5-Vournes, 5

mask(s), 20–1, 54, 62, 86, 90, 103–4, 106–7, 110–11, 120–3, 125–7, 135–6, 138, 140–1, 146–8, 161, 248, 250, 252

masonry, 4, 66, 162, 245mass production, 31, 134, 147, 235, 240meals, 96, 209measurement, 18–19, 27, 29, 31–4, 36, 46,

55, 60–1, 71, 75, 79, 117, 150, See also calculation, count(s), deben, mina, scale pan(s), shekel(s), standardization, standards, tally, weight(s)

meat, 62, 160, 162, 248medicine, 102, 162Mediterranean, 1–6, 9–10, 13–14, 19, 24, 26–33,

51, 54, 71, 79, 88, 110, 119–20, 149, 163, 208, 220–1, 232–3, 244, 251–4




375�

General Index

medium-deep bowl(s), 95, 178, 181–2, 184, 186–8, 197, 202–3, 205–6, 209, 211, 319

meeting place, 54, 93, 246, 251megaron, 4Megiddo, 58, 225Melquart, 275melting, 42, 54–5, 62Meniko, 230merchants, 10, 14, 75, 217–18Merrillees, Robert, 161Mesoamerica, 23Mesopotamia, 31, 59, 69, 71, 119, 245, 270messenger, 115metal(s), 2, 5, 9, 17, 19, 22, 29–31, 33–4, 38, 40,

42–5, 48, 54–5, 58–9, 62–5, 67–8, 71, 76–7, 80, 87, 95, 97, 101–3, 111, 143, 147, 153, 173, 191, 209, 240–2, 245–7, 249, 264, 301, See also specifi c metals and metal objects

metallurgy, 34, 42–4, 55, 62, 64, 67–8, 71, 76, 85, 87, 89, 106, 111, 147, 157, 211, 236–7, 242, 247, 254, 271, 275, 286

microreality, 19, 23Middle Bronze Age, 3, 123, 153–4, 221middle ground, 11migratory patterns, 115military, 17, 287mimicry, 79, 86, 95, 98–9, 142, 150, 160, 248mina, 32–3, 35, 59, 264, 270miniature(s), 18–19, 21–3, 51, 55, 64–5, 68, 80,

82, 85, 90, 95–7, 106–7, 114, 134, 138, 146, 150, 152, 181, 187–8, 197–8, 200–1, 206–7, 227, 245, 248–51, 262, 283, 296, 300, 317, See also amulet(s), fi gurine(s), model(s), statuette(s), vignette, specifi c miniaturized subjects

Minoan pottery, 106, 118, 269, 291Minoan(s), 28, 31, 71, 80mirror, 90, 92–3, 142Mitchell, C. T., 22mixing, 68, 95, 97, 106, 114, 116, 118, 150model(s), 18–19, 22–4, 55, 82–5, 88–9, 96, 107,

115, 118, 121, 127–8, 130, 140, 150, 152–3, 247–8, 250–1, 268, 278, 297, See also miniature(s), ring kernos (kernoi), specifi c modelled subjects

modern period, 3, 21mold(s), 76, 89, 277moldmade objects, 21, 120–1, 126, 133–4, 137,

143, 145–7, 296, 299mollusk(s), 102, 116, 118monarch, 10, 260monkeys, 284Monochrome ware, 153monumentality, 3–5, 9–10, 19, 28, 53, 71, 172,

192, 244–5, 251, 255mordants, 35, 103, 143Morelli, Giovanni, 233

Morphou district, 242mortality, 15mortar(s), 54, 58, 268–9, 273, 277mortuary ritual, 252motif(s), 24, 61, 88, 95, 97, 100, 130, 174, 178,

199, 206, 221–6, 230, 233–5, 238, 240, 243, 281, 283–4, 291, 310

mountain(s), 11, 23, 232mouth, 93, 100, 106, 109, 121–2, 296movement, 19, 21, 43, 68, 112–13, 120, 138, 143,

152, 156, 211, 290, 299mudbrick, 63, 66, 80, 82, 85–6, 153, 173, 185,

193multivariate approach, 25murder, 11, 251murex, 10, 55, 93, 103, 118, 281music, 143, 160–1, 247musicians, 143, 299mustache(s), 121, 123, 136, 248Muwatalli II, 14Mycenae, 53, 90, 252Mycenaean

fi gurine(s), 128–9, 132–3, 291, 293–5, 300pottery, 9, 55, 93, 106, 109, 114, 118–19, 129,

132, 150, 234, 268, 274, 282–3, 286, 290–2

Mycenaean(s), 4, 14, 28–9, 31, 200, 234, 299Myres, John, 7, 222–3

nail, 270–1, 273naiskos, 192name(s), 5, 11, 14, 28, 31, 65, 69, 146, 233–4,

251, 253, 261, 275narcotic(s), 155, 161Narmer, 150NBB painter, 234Near East, 1, 5, 13–14, 19, 24, 27, 29–30, 88, 119,

143, 252–3neckless juglet(s), 205, 208necromancy, 301needle(s), 271, 277Neo-Hittite, 3Neolithic period, 221–3, 287net sinkers, 117net(s), 116–17Neutron Activation Analysis, 233New Kingdom, 3, 36Nicolaou, Kyriakos, 7, 190Nimrud, 30Nobis, Günter, 201noise, 143nose, 121, 123–4notches, 159–60, 162, 242, 248–9, 252, 302–3,

See markingnude(s), 134, 162, 242, 249–50, 296number(s), 18, 31–2, 35, 48, 60, 65, 69–70,

157, 247, 276, See also count(s), inscription(s), tally




376 �

General Index

octopus (octopi), 103, 117–18, 281, 292Odyssey, 5, 330off ering(s), 53, 69, 97, 128, 160Ohnefalsch-Richter, Max, 222, 228oil(s), 56–7, 96–7, 117, 155, 208, 217, 227, 237,

249, 269oinochoe, 214olive, 57, 97, 117omen, 155opium, 61, 65, 98–102, 110, 161–2, 248–9, 252,

270oracle(s), 14, 62, 102, 143, 155, 160–2oral traditions, 3Orientalizing styles, 2Ormidhia, 228ornament(s), 116, 126, 226, 271orthostat(s), 66, 85, 191ostrakon (ostraka), 29–30, 65, 77, 146, 201, 247,

275, See also inscription(s)ostrich, 64–5, 103ouas (ws) scepter, 48–9Oven C, 174, 185, 193–4oven(s), 62, 160, 174, 191, 193–4, 248overseas contacts, 6, 9, 85, 163ovicaprid, 158, See also caprid(s), goat(s), sheep,

ramsownership, 17, 22, 32, 35, 64, 77, 123, 246ox(en), 103–4, 107, 109, 114, 248, 250, See also

bovine(s)oxhide-shaped ingot, 38, 64, 246, 264oxidation, 238

paint color, 24, 61, 83, 88–9, 112–13, 121–2, 125, 128–30, 136, 145, 196, 222, 227

painted texts, 30, 69–70, 275–6, See also inscription(s)

painter(s), 196, 233–5, 238, 240, 328painting, 19, 25, 55, 58, 61, 64, 79–80, 83, 85–6,

88–90, 93–5, 97, 100–1, 103, 105–8, 111, 113–14, 116, 120, 122–3, 126–30, 133, 136, 150, 152–3, 174, 178, 184, 187–8, 196, 198, 207, 224–6, 230, 232–8, 240–1, 247, 252, 276, 281, 290–1

palace(s), 3–5, 230, 256Palaepaphos, 175, 178, 192, 203, 207, 235, 251,

255, 310, 314, See also Kouklia-Skales, 174–5, 178, 181, 184, 196–8, 203,

205–7, 229, 232, 307palette, 150palimpsest, 69–70, See also inscription(s)palm, 78, 128, 293Palm Leaf ware, 223palm tree, 97, 155panel(s), 83, 85, 89, 95, 177, 181, 188, 199, 214,

282–3, 288, 310pantheon, 252Paphos, 119, 223–4, 229, 231–2, 240, 243, 249papyrus, 28, 30, 59, 69, 77, 97, 247

Passage A, 66, 68, 153, 274, 283, 300passageway(s), 43, 51, 53, 57, 62, 64past, 1–2, 13–17, 23–5, 29, 79, 118, 121, 152–3,

155–6, 160, 163, 249–54, 256, 266paste, 68, 268, 274pattern(s), 88, 100, 129, 150, 174–5, 178, 181,

197–9, 206, 227, 229–30, 232, 238, 240, 243

patterned square, 175, 178, 181, 197–8, 238paving, 58peg(s), 58, 61, 86, 269–70Peltenburg, Edgar, 93pendant(s), 21, 35, 50, 115, 153, 291perception, 10, 13, 19, 21–3, 79, 83performance, 103, 143perfume(s), 56–7, 96–7, 208, 217, 227, 249, 269Perivolia, 228permanence, 10, 14, 22, 29, 34, 53, 68, 71, 86,

88, 110, 129, 153, 217, 244Persia, 251Persian period, 237Persians, 251pestle, 54petal(s), 88, 95, 101, 129–30, 282, 285pharaoh, 289philosopher, 251Phlamoudhi, 25

-Melissa, 30-Vounari, 35, 230

Phoenicia, 26, 119, 208, 214, 217–18, 251, 275Phoenician, 28–32, 65, 68–70, 119, 146, 172,

217, 271, 275pottery, 9, 88, 95–6, 119, 172, 187–8, 202,

213–19, 250, 255, 273Phoenicians, 1–2, 6, 9–11, 13, 28, 30–1, 33, 66,

85, 89, 119, 140, 146–7, 155, 163, 166, 171–2, 188–9, 192–3, 195, 197, 200, 207, 213, 215, 217–19, 247, 249–51, 254, 261, 276

Phylakopi, 53picrolite, 153Pieridou, Angeliki, 198, 228, 231, 325piety, 13, 78, 245pig, 102–3pigment, 61pillar(s), 53–4, 57, 66–7, 192pin, 61, 201, 264, 267, 271, 273pipe, 59, 61Pit

A in Room 58: 65, 273A in Temenos B: 156, 274, 300B: 279B in Room 58: 87below Room 58A: 64, 86, 153, 161, 273, 279,

283C: 273D: 265, 273G: 200




377�

General Index

h: 63–4, 129, 133, 153, 271–2, 283–6, 294–5i: 271in Room 17: 106N: 273Room 58: 138, 297

pit(s), 15, 64, 82, 86–7, 89, 102, 106, 134, 153, 155–6, 158–9, 195, 197, 200, 208, 236, 248, 250, 264, 269, 273, 279–80, 291, 297, 303, See also bothros (bothroi), specifi c pits

pithos (pithoi), 30–1, 45–6, 51–2, 55, 57–8, 65, 68, 71, 75, 86, 97, 101, 122–4, 174, 177, 246, 267–8, 274, 293, 320

pivot, 85placename(s), 9, 11, 259Plain White

Handmade ware, 273ware, 24, 96, 182–3, 186, 222, 224, 237, 274,

293, 308, 310–11, 314–15, 317–21Wheelmade III ware, 269, 273Wheelmade ware, 94, 268–70, 273, 283

plainware, 55, 58, 61, 88, 150, 181–2, 197, 208, 256, 268, 273–4, 307, 315

plant(s), 19, 21–2, 57, 80, 97, 100, 102, 109, 116, 118, 161–2, 246, 284, 286, 292

plaque(s), 59, 86, 90–1, 100, 122–5, 146, 270, 280, 293

plaster, 66, 85, 193Platani, 228plate(s), 95–6, 188, 202, 214–16, 218, 226, 232,

250, 255–6, 321plateau, 8platter(s), 62, 95, 160, 174–5, 273polis, 253polisher, 32–3, 54, 61, 270–1Polis-Peristeries, 160, 237, 302politics, 1, 3, 5, 11, 14, 18, 26, 79, 172, 209, 218,

220, 243–4Politiko-Ayios Mnason, 237–8polity (polities), 3–4, 6–7, 9, 11, 17, 25–6, 146,

155, 193, 203, 208, 220, 223, 229–30, 234–8, 240, 244, 249–51, 254–5

polos (poloi), 128, 130, 293pomegranate(s), 30, 97–9poppy (poppies), 21, 57, 65, 97–102, 161–2, 246,

249, 252population, 13, 119–20, 217, 241, 255

movement, 3, 255porphyry, 117port(s), 5, 7, 9, 64, 80, 82, 102, 120, 156, 250, 255portability, 34–5, 88pose(s), 58, 71, 80, 120, 126–7, 134–5, 137–8,

140–1, 296postfi ring mark(s), 29, 35, 45, 52, 101potash, 97potmark(s), 28, 35, 76, 119, 270, 273, See also

inscription(s), marking, post-fi ring mark(s), pre-fi ring mark(s)

potter(s), 14, 23–4, 26, 58, 95, 120, 196, 208, 217, 220–1, 225–6, 229, 232–8, 240–3, 328

potter’s wheel, 58, 240–3pottery. See ceramic(s) and specifi c regional or

ware typespounder(s), 33, 35, 54–5, 76, 271, 277pouring, 25, 31, 93, 95, 106, 114, 116, 224, 281power, 2–4, 10–11, 13, 16–17, 19, 26, 29, 77–8,

80, 106, 111, 140, 143, 147, 163, 209, 219, 244–5, 247, 250–1, 253–4, 260, 277, 281

plays, 111, 141, 143, 146, 161, 249prayer(s), 13–14prefi ring mark(s), 65, 71, 75, 88, 93, 157, 294preparation, 31, 57, 76, 93, 97, 143, 242, 246present, 2, 15, 23, 25, 118, 121, 127, 149, 152,

160, 249–50, 253private context, 9, 51, 71, 77, 138, 147, 162, 293problem solving, 1, 13–14, 18, 22, 26, 79, 85,

118, 134, 146, 149, 152, 162–3, 173, 244, 249, 253–4

production, 10, 27, 31–5, 56, 62, 67, 71, 75, 78, 85, 225, 230, 233, 235–7, 240–2, 249, 266

property, 69, 146, 245protection, 16–17, 22, 35, 63, 67, 89–90, 146–7,

155, 246Proto-Bichrome

ware, 273Protogeometric pottery, 228, 231Proto-White Painted ware, 93–4, 117, 155, 170,

172, 174–5, 177–8, 180, 191, 198, 200, 219, 236, 256, 268, 270, 273–4, 282–4, 286, 288–90, 296, 300, 304, 306–8, 315–16, 319

prows, 115Ptah, 48

-Patek, 146–7, 149, 162, 250Ptolemies, 7, 28, 30, 171Ptolemy I, 251public context, 4–5, 9–10, 53, 127, 162, 301Pumayyaton, 172, 251purifi er, 56purple, 10, 61, 101, 118, 278pyxis, 268, 273

Qartihadast, 261, 329quadruped(s), 95, 106, 109, 111, 114, 286,

288–90quality, 9, 19quantity, 18, 31–2, 35, 245quays, 190quern, 58, 269

Raban, Avner, 190raids, 2raised band, 122–3, 293rams, 100, See also sheepRamses II, 69




378 �

General Index

rank, 13, 67rationing, 31raw material(s), 2, 27, 31, 33, 89–90, 110, 156–9,

246, 280readability, 5, 14, 18, 28, 32, 70, 146, 275rebuilding, 10, 15, 163, 170, 173, 189–93, 247,

253, 255recarving, 41, 61, 63, 71, 74, 90, 107, 246, 266,

281, See also layered imagesrecord(s), 5, 13–14, 18, 26–7, 29–34, 55,

67–8, 70–1, 75, 160, 253, See also inscription(s), text(s), writing

rectilinear design, 85, 225, 238recycling, 2, 33–4, 42, 54–5, 64, 103, 147, 193,

247, See also recarving, reusered, 24, 88–9, 102, 108, 112–13, 121–2, 125,

129, 141, 145–6, 153, 173, 185, 191, 222, 240, 271

slip, 24, 222, 240Red

Polished ware, 153Slip ware, 24, 69, 88, 146, 181–2, 184, 200,

203, 222, 224, 241, 243, 273, 275, 310–11, 319

rediscovery, 15Red-on

-Black ware, 153-Red ware, 153

reduced scale, 19, 22, 33, 35, 53, 64–5, 118, 162reduction fi ring, 207, 223, 236–8, 299reed impressions, 61reel (spool) weights, 35, 271Reese, David, 102, 159, 201refuse, 15, 167, 236, See also garbageregalia, 5, 77regionalism, 2, 5–6, 24–6, 220–1, 223–5,

227–35, 237–8, 243, 255–7, 275registers of decoration, 48, 71, 90, 111, 141–2,

146, 281relief(s), 60, 90–2, 252religion, 15–16, See also ceremony (ceremo-

nies), cult, deity (deities), divine, god(s), goddess(es), holy of holies, rites of passage, ritual(s), sacred, sanctuary (sanctuaries), temple(s)

Renfrew, Colin, 15repair, 33, 54, 58, 93, 189, 191, 193–4, 246–7, 249repetition, 15, 79, 120, 127, 142, 238representational image(s), 1, 6, 19, 21–3, 30,

49, 64–5, 68, 79–81, 86, 88–90, 98, 100, 103–4, 107, 110–16, 118, 120, 125, 127, 141, 143, 146–7, 150, 152, 248, 289

residence(s), 2, 67, 71, 76–7, 138, 217restringing, 54retaining wall, 66reuse, 2–3, 15, 30, 32, 41, 58, 60, 70, 90, 103,

172, 192, 195, 261, 280, 290, 301–3, See also recarving, recycling

Reyes, Andres, 233rhyton (rhyta), 31, 55–7, 106, 111, 118, 141–3,

268, 281, 286, 288, 291rider(s), 112–13, 135–7, 140, 289, See also horse-

and-rider(s)ridged-neck, 93, 217, 226

juglet(s), 187–8, 205–8, 217, 226–7ring

composition, 253kernos (kernoi), 23, 149–53, 248, 252, 256-shaped fl ask, 150, 268

ring(s), 20–1, 54, 58–9, 69, 74, 92, 109–10, 115, 246, 267, 271, 274, 290

rites of passage, 16ritual(s), 3, 15, 79, 152, 160, 162, 192, 252, 254,

287rivet, 105–6robed fi gure(s), 40–1, 71, 90, 110, 266rock

outcrop, 90, 92relief, 252

rod(s), 59–60, 98, 101–2, 161, 267, 273–4, 285, 303

roller(s), 31–2, 71, 76, 123, 246, 287Roman period, 221, 223, 255roofi ng, 32, 51, 53–4, 57, 61, 66–7, 82, 85, 152,

201, 244–5, 247Room

1: 2651A: 2652A: 2654: 1854A: 152, 3005A: 264–6, 283, 285–8, 3026: 42, 51, 53, 173, 283, 286, 2887: 264, 2838: 37–8, 50, 185, 264–58A: 2819: 107, 286, 29710A: 287, 29710B: 26511: 107–8, 113, 265, 289, 30212: 42, 51, 55, 102–3, 110, 140, 147–8, 173,

266–7, 279, 284, 288, 298–9, 301, 303, 309

13: 42, 102, 264, 267, 279, 296, 308–9, 32813B: 28814: 42, 102, 170, 181, 266, 279, 281, 283, 300,

309–10, 32815: 42, 45, 48, 50–2, 93–5, 102, 170, 175,

266, 279, 281–3, 285, 296, 30916: 9, 33–5, 53–4, 59, 62, 64–5, 67, 71,

82–3, 85–8, 93, 95–6, 97, 102–3, 107, 111–12, 115, 118, 125–8, 131, 133–4, 142, 150–3, 155–6, 160–1, 163, 170, 175–8, 180, 185, 198, 246–9, 271, 278, 279, 281–3, 286–7, 290, 293–5, 300, 305–9, 328




379�

General Index

16A: 43, 6217: 74, 106, 28520: 66–8, 180, 191, 265, 276, 32820A: 66, 191, 274, 30720B: 66, 156, 191, 274, 30121: 87, 265, 271, 276, 27922A: 29623: 26924: 265, 267–9, 283, 285, 289–91, 296, 30024A: 56, 264, 267–8, 283, 291–2, 29424B: 265, 267–9, 28326: 29727: 275, 284, 286, 289, 291, 29927A: 28830: 156, 265, 27630A: 265, 27630B: 265, 27630C: 265, 27630D: 141, 265, 276, 286, 29930E: 265, 27630F: 75, 265, 276, 28031: 141, 147, 265, 276, 285, 299–30032A: 280, 28734: 291, 30035: 85, 28035A: 28535B: 158, 285, 30135C:, 28536: 271, 277, 29236A: 271, 29237: 96, 186, 192, 271, 280, 284, 289, 292–5,

310–11, 32137A: 96, 186, 192, 271, 280, 284, 289, 292–3,

295, 310–11, 32138: 57–9, 61, 125, 179, 184, 270, 279, 283,

290–1, 293, 295, 308–1038A: 57–8, 269, 27138B: 57–9, 28738C: 57–61, 90–1, 146, 264, 270, 278, 280,

285, 287–8, 30339: 57–8, 162, 271, 28640: 280, 286, 288, 29640A: 273, 290, 29343: 29643A: 29644: 50, 266, 288–9, 29645: 65, 273, 303, 32145A: 273, 289, 293–5, 303, 32248: 273, 275, 277, 287–8, 296–7, 29949: 27750A: 273, 275, 277, 287–8, 296–7, 299, 32253: 76, 106, 120, 277, 283, 292, 295–7,

299–300, 32254: 149, 289, 297, 299, 32257: 27357A: 27357B: 264, 27358: 65, 83–5, 87, 104–5, 120, 130, 135, 138,

142, 147, 157, 159, 196, 273, 278–9, 281–97, 299, 301, 303, 307–8, 310

58A: 64–5, 82–3, 85, 87, 117, 150, 153, 161, 196, 199, 273, 279, 282–3

58B: 64, 273, 285, 29958C: 27358D: 105–6, 27359: 29665: 273, 275, 277, 283, 287–90, 292, 296–7,

29978: 29680: 277, 289, 296–7, 29981: 139, 29782: 277, 29484: 29787: 27794: 30095: 277, 296, 299100: 277, 284102A: 277102B: 273103: 277105: 297, 303, 321106: 277107: 293108: 277, 292, 299, 303, 321–2109: 159, 286, 296–7, 302110: 213–14, 322111: 289114: 279, 289, 302, 310115: 170, 265, 279, 288–9, 302116: 265, 279, 305117: 264–5, 279, 282, 306–7118: 265, 285119: 265–6, 283, 286121A: 264–5, 274, 280122: 264123: 265, 302125: 36, 265, 283, 300126: 265, 283, 286127: 264, 302127B: 270, 281129: 76, 310VIII: 303

room(s). See specifi c roomsrosette, 100, 105, 273, 282royalty, 2, 10, 13, 77, 238, 252rubber(s), 33, 54, 58, 269rubble construction, 66–7, 76, 82, 156rugs, 86, See also kilim(s)ruins, 3, 172, 192ruler(s), 5, 10–11, 13, 49, 251, 253rulership, 11, 13, 172, 251Rupp, David, 238rural context, 237

sacred, 16, 33, 55, 62, 79, 96–7, 102, 112, 172, 192, 195, 218, See also cult, holy of holies




380 �

General Index

sacrifi ce, 68, 77, 97, 103, 110, 112, 143, 160, 201, 248–50

sailors, 82sails, 80–81Salamis, 5, 175, 178, 192, 203, 207, 228–30, 249,

251, 255, 289, 318Salt Lake, 9, 118salts, 38sanctuary (sanctuaries), 6, 8, 143, 166, 188,

227–8, 230, 237, 243, 252–3, 255–6, 293, 302, See also holy of holies, religion, temple(s)

sandstone, 191, 273Sarepta, 193, 208, 237Sargon II, 10–11, 78, 218, 245, 250–1satyr, 292scale pan(s), 31, 54–5, 61, See also measurementscale(s), 10, 16–23, 31, 35, 51, 54–5, 61–2, 71,

78–81, 83, 88, 90, 96–7, 105–7, 110, 112–15, 118, 121, 125–7, 134, 138, 146–7, 152, 190–1, 217–18, 227, 235–6, 240, 242–3, 245, 248, 250–1, 254, 262, 289, 296

scapula(e), 159–60, 162, 248–9, 252, 302–3scapulamancy, 160, 248scarab, 30, 32, 39, 48–50, 59, 65, 69, 74, 76, 97,

277, 288–9scaraboid, 30, 59, 69scent, 57, 248scepter(s), 5, 13, 48–9, 78, 245Schaeff er, Claude, 252schematic renderings, 81, 95, 97, 100, 106–7,

113, 115, 122, 133, 140, 150, 178, 206, 229, 266, 282, 284, 291

scholarship, 1, 3, 5–6, 16–17, 23–6, 160, 163, 220–1, 223, 225–6, 230–6, 256

Schreiber, Nicola, 189, 201–2, 206–7, 209, 211, 216–17, 226–7, 230–1

scientifi c analysis, 207, See also specifi c analyses

scoop, 86–87scrap, 2, 42, 53–5, 58, 62, 65, 68, 90, 209, 246–7,

249, 267, 269, 271, 273–5scraper, 61, 270scribes, 14, 234scripts, 11, 28–30, 32, 69, 76, 119, 240, 260, See

also inscription(s)sculpture, 2, 6, 14, 19, 30, 62, 65, 79, 81, 88,

97, 100, 103, 105, 110, 114, 116, 120, 126, 128–9, 133, 136, 141, 166, 195, 197, 220–1, 228, 254

sea, 1–5, 10, 28, 54, 81, 114, 116–17, 150, 152, 162, 172, 189–90, 245

Sea Peoples, 3seal(s), 17–18, 21, 29–32, 34, 37, 39–41, 49–51,

58–9, 63–5, 69, 71, 74, 76–7, 79, 90, 92–3, 97, 100, 106–7, 109–11, 115–16, 146–7, 155, 246–8, 254, 266, 281, 284,

See also impression(s), sealing, specifi c seal shapes

sealing, 30–2, 41, 59, 69, 71, 76, 110, 115, 246, See also impression(s), seal(s)

seasons, 254seated fi gure(s), 5, 71, 77, 88–90, 92–3, 107, 115,

142, 146, 242, 281, 288, 299second millennium bce, 1, 27, 80security, 53, 58, 69, 82–3, 93–4, 162, 249, 252seeds, 97, 101Semitic languages, 27, 275seriation, 6, 228serpentine, 44, 51, 77serving, 14, 25, 62, 86, 93, 95–7, 113, 143, 160,

196, 238, 240–1, 248, 250Seton-Williams, Veronica, 223settlement(s), 1–10, 15–16, 26–7, 31–2, 34, 65,

127, 140, 163–4, 166–7, 169, 171, 188, 207, 217, 220–1, 228–31, 233, 236, 238, 240, 244–6, 252, 255–6, 259

settlers, 217sewing, 54, 100, 126, 278shabti, 141, 299shape, 23–5, 59, 64, 68, 93, 95–7, 106, 114,

118, 120, 150, 153, 155, 161, 166, 170, 174–5, 178, 180–2, 184, 186–8, 197, 202–3, 205–11, 214–18, 221–7, 230–5, 238, 241–2, 249–50, 256, 268–9, 281, 301, 309, 311, 319, 321, See also specifi c shapes

sheep, 102–3, 111–13, 157, 201, 301–2, See also rams

shekel(s), 31–3, 35–6, 44–5, 55, 59, 69, 71, 264, 266–7, 269–70, 276

shelf (shelves), 59, 90, 155, 201–2, 242shell(s), 10, 33, 53–5, 57, 93, 102, 116, 118, 143,

159, 201, 281shepherd, 51sherds, 6, 8, 25, 58, 153, 166–8, 170, 174, 189,

192–3, 201, 217, 228, 230, 268, 277, 329shield(s), 136, 297ship(s), 2, 6, 30–1, 62, 69, 80–2, 114–15, 118,

147, 149, 162, 190, 245, 248Shipibo-Conibo pottery, 241shipping, 80, 116, 173, 250shipwreck, 2, 31, 51, 264short-term solution, 18, 79, 253–4shovel(s), 62, 88, 273, 277shroud(s), 100–1Sicily, 228Sidonians, 249sign(s), 18, 27–9, 32, 35, 48, 55, 59–60, 64–5,

70–1, 75, 155–7, 160, 190, 192, 240, 269, 276, 290, See also marking

signaling, 143silting, 166, 171, 173, 189–90silver, 23, 54–5, 242, 245, 267, 271singing, 143, 299




381�

General Index

Sippar, 150site size, 4, 8–9, 242, 259size, 13, 19, 21–2, 25, 30, 33, 35–6, 46, 55, 57–9,

61, 64, 67, 80, 90, 96–9, 115, 118, 121, 138, 147, 162, 188, 190, 193, 201, 207, 227, 234, 236–7, 241, 243, 245

Sjöqvist, Erik, 221sketches, 81, 101, 116, 149skewer(s), 68, 162, 200–1, 274–5skill, 1–2, 35, 78, 80, 89, 120, 155, 236–7, 241–3,

254skull(s), 86, 90, 100, 103–6, 111, 118, 140, 162,

248, 250skyphos (skyphoi), 67, 86, 95, 114, 187–8, 202,

213–14, 216, 250, 268, 270, 273, 319, 321–2

slag, 42, 68, 75–6, 201, 271, 273, 280slaying, 143sling bullet, 64, 267, 271small scale, 10, 18–19, 21–2, 32, 51, 56, 64–5,

89, 96–8, 112–13, 115, 120, 126, 128, 130, 133–4, 141, 147, 206, 227, 245–6, 248, 251

smells, 87, 143smoke, 82, 86, 245, 248smoking, 61smoldering, 86–7, 248society, 1–2, 5–6, 11, 14, 16–19, 21, 24–6,

79–80, 110, 113, 125, 150, 163, 209, 220–1, 231, 243–5, 247, 249–54, 257

soil(s), 171, 173–4, 185, 189, 191, 197–9, 255Soli, 230, 251solution(s), 2, 13–14, 16, 18, 244, 250, 252–4song, 252, 299sound, 143, 247sow, 147spearhead, 273specialization, 18, 34, 71, 236, 240, 242, 245speculative thought, 13sphinx(es), 39, 90, 93, 107, 147, 281spindle whorl(s), 35, 101, 153, 201, 271, 277spindle(s), 101spinning, 266spirals, 142, 156, 282spiritual life, 17, 22, 79, 197, 209, 252spool weights. See reel (spool) weightsspouted

jug, 184, 202, 226vessel, 115, 151, 284

squat bird jugs, 223staff (s), 21, 40, 78, 98, 141, 242stag, 156, 288stamp(s), 30, 32, 50, 59, 70, 76, 110, 121, 276–7stand(s), 2, 89standardization, 27, 31–4, 36, 46, 51, 59, 69,

79–80, 125, 230, 237, 254, See also measurement, standards

standards, 28, 31, 36, 51, 55, 59, 117, 150, 245, 247, 264, 276, See also measurement, weight(s)

staples, 2state(s), 3, 5, 11, 17, 251, 253–4static context, 15, 24, 79, 262statue(s), 20–2, 76, 120, 125–30, 132–3,

146, 252, 294, See also specifi c statue types

statuette(s), 20–2, 83, 96, 106–9, 111–12, 115, 120, 126–31, 133–7, 139, 143, 145, 152, 247–8, 286–9, 293–7, 302, See also specifi c statuette types

Steel, Louise, 217, 238, 242stela(e), 11, 28–9, 78, 146, 193, 245, 250–1stemmed

bowl(s), 95–7, 174–5, 177–8, 181, 197–9, 202, 207, 209, 211, 234, 310

cup(s), 86vessels, 95, 319

Stewart, Susan, 21stirrup jar(s), 55–6, 96–7, 117, 268–9, 281Stoic philosophy, 251stone(s), 5, 17, 19, 22–3, 28–30, 32–5, 37, 39,

49–50, 54–5, 58–9, 61–2, 64, 68–9, 71, 74, 76–7, 79–82, 85–6, 89, 92, 95, 97, 101, 110, 117, 153, 156, 162, 170, 172, 192, 246, 249, 261, 264–5, 268–70, 273–4, 276–7, 285, 301, See also specifi c stone types

storage, 4, 25, 30–1, 45–6, 51, 53, 57–8, 65, 67–8, 78, 83, 86, 93, 96–7, 122–3, 125, 169, 215–16, 218, 246–7, 267–8, 281, 321

stories, 5, 14, 121, 253Storm god, 110, 253strainer, 95stratigraphy, 3, 8, 15, 23, 25–6, 164–7, 169,

171, 173, 193–6, 199, 202, 209–10, 212, 215–16, 218–21, 223, 228–30, 232–3, 249, 255–7

StreetA: 33, 173, 185, 193, 270, 285, 288–9B: 185, 296–7D: 57, 173, 185

street(s), 51, 57, 67, 76, 96, 103, 112, 114–15, 138, 200, 264, 277, 284, 287, 292, 295–7, 299, 303, 311, See also specifi c streets and Courtyards A and B-Street

stress, 14, 150, 162striding male, 64, 77–8, 299structure(s), 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 19, 26, 34, 51, 53–4,

57–8, 62, 64, 66–7, 69, 76, 80–3, 85, 88, 90, 93–4, 97, 109, 118, 134, 152–3, 156, 158, 165–6, 172–3, 189–93, 195, 202, 212–13, 216, 245–9, 252, 255, 278, See also architecture, building(s), specifi c structure(s)




382 �

General Index

style(s), 2, 6, 16, 23–5, 39, 58, 63, 79–80, 90, 119, 160, 176, 179–81, 207, 220, 227, 229–30, 232–4, 238, 241, 243, 246, 262–3, 291, See also specifi c styles

Stylli, 199, 203, 205, 208, 228, 307, 315–18stylus (styli), 29–30, 32, 34–5, 37, 55–6, 61, 65,

69, 77, 246, 263–4, See also writingsubject(s), 15–19, 21–3, 25, 79–80, 90, 112, 136,

138, 141, 143, 152, 227, 244, 249, 251, See also specifi c subjects

Sun goddess, 253sun pattern, 175, 178, 240, 319superhuman, 90survey, 15, 25, 230, 236–7, 253, 255–6Swedish Cyprus Expedition, 2, 6–8, 24, 26, 75,

164–8, 220–3, 225, 227–30sword, 252Sword god, 252syllabary, 27–8, 32, 59symbol(s), 13–15, 27, 34, 51, 53–4, 62–4, 77–8,

80, 82, 85, 90, 96–7, 100, 102–3, 106–7, 109–12, 115, 118, 125, 127, 130, 140–1, 146–7, 152, 155, 160–2, 197–8, 209, 245–50, 252–3, 266, 271, 281, 290

symmetry, 88, 238, 240–1synchronic relationships, 21, 24Syria, 4, 9, 30–1, 71, 119, 245

table(s), 53–4, 61, 82, 88, 126, 153, 155–6, 162, 247–9

tablet(s), 27, 29–31, 77, 150, 234, See also inscription(s)

tableware(s), 93, 237talent, 117, 264tally, 27, 29, 60, 247, 303, See also count(s),

number(s)Tamassos, 11, 228, 230, 237–8, 251, 310

-Frangissa, 228tambourine(s), 143, 145–6tapestry (tapestries), 35, 85–6, See also kilim(s)taxonomy, 23, 232Taylor, Joan du Plat, 223tectonic uplift, 190Tel Dor, 190, 231, 233, 252Tel Miqne, 252Tel Qasile, 53, 252Tel Rehov, 214, 231, 233, 322, 329Temenos

A: 9, 33–5, 43, 53–5, 62–5, 67, 82, 85–7, 93–5, 97, 99, 102–3, 106–7, 111–12, 114, 118, 121, 123, 125–6, 129, 133–5, 142, 151–3, 155–6, 160–3, 173–5, 177–8, 185, 191, 198, 246–9, 271, 278–83, 285–6, 288, 290–2, 294–6, 300, 302, 305–10

B: 9, 33, 51, 53–4, 66–8, 70, 85, 102, 108, 114, 118, 141, 150, 156, 162, 172–4, 185, 191–2, 210–11, 245, 247, 249–50,

274–5, 279, 283, 287, 292, 300, 303, 308, 310–11

temenos at Bamboula, 166–167Temple

1: 9–11, 33–4, 38, 40, 42–3, 53, 66–9, 77, 81, 85–6, 88, 90, 94–7, 102, 104–5, 112, 118, 126, 133–4, 138, 141, 143, 146–7, 153, 155–6, 158, 162–3, 172–4, 180, 184–7, 189–95, 197, 200–2, 208–9, 212–13, 215–16, 218, 244–50, 253–4, 264, 274–5, 279–80, 283–4, 287–92, 294–7, 299, 301–3, 307, 309–11, 321–2, 328

2: 9, 33–5, 51, 53–8, 61, 66–7, 93–4, 102, 106, 115, 118, 143, 150, 156, 159, 162, 172, 174, 185, 190–2, 245–7, 264, 267, 280–3, 285, 289–92, 294, 296, 300, 310

3: 9, 35, 62, 110, 156, 247, 271, 288, 3014: 9, 33–5, 53, 57–61, 64, 81–2, 88, 90–1,

102, 108–9, 112, 114–15, 118, 121, 125–8, 133–4, 146, 153, 156, 162, 172–4, 178–9, 184–5, 191–2, 211, 215, 245–50, 264, 267, 269–71, 277–80, 282–5, 287–91, 293, 295, 303, 308–11

5: 9, 34–5, 53–5, 63–5, 67, 69, 75–7, 82–7, 93, 95, 99, 102–6, 108, 110–13, 117–18, 120–2, 126–7, 133–4, 136, 138, 140, 142–3, 146–7, 150, 153, 156–63, 172–5, 185, 191–2, 196, 199, 210, 247–50, 263, 265, 272, 278–9, 283–97, 299, 301–3, 306–8, 310, 328

temple(s), 3, 9, 34, 53, 57, 65–8, 77, 97, 102, 106, 109, 112, 116, 128, 134, 138, 141, 146–7, 155, 159, 172, 185, 190–5, 200–1, 209, 216, 218, 227, 246–7, 250, 252–5, See also cult, holy of holies, sanctuary (sanctuaries), specifi c temples

tenon(s), 59, 61, 78, 90–1, 141terracotta(s), 8, 17, 19–22, 32, 63–4, 84, 87,

89, 105, 107–10, 112–14, 120, 122–6, 128–33, 135–43, 147, 154, 157, 201, 247–8, 250, 255, 276, 300, 302

territory, 3, 5, 236text(s), 5–6, 9–10, 13–14, 17, 29–30, 36, 69–70,

89, 146, 155, 157, 164, 245–7, 252, 260, 275–6, See also inscription(s)

textile(s), 6, 9–10, 32–6, 38–40, 43–4, 51, 54–5, 57–9, 61–2, 65, 68, 71, 76, 80, 83, 85–7, 95, 97, 102–3, 107, 110, 112, 117–18, 120, 143, 147, 150, 158, 175, 191, 197, 200, 236–8, 240–1, 243, 245–6, 263–5, 274, 280, 291, See also cloth, fi bers

theophoric, 69, 275thin-walled handleless bowl(s), 184, 203, 318three-dimensional fi gures, 17, 19, 81, 89, 110,

115, 126, 129, 152threshold(s), 80, 83, 85throne, 88–9, 299




383�

General Index

Thucydides, 13tiaras, 252Tiglath-Pileser III, 11time, 19, 21–3, 83, 134, 254toggle, 54, 268Tomb

1: 175, 306, 315, 3284: 141, 2835: 141, 2836: 153, 1998: 153, 3009: 20, 49–51, 58–9, 71, 74, 77, 90, 92,

97–100, 107, 109, 117, 246, 266–7, 269, 281, 284–5, 287–91, 293, 299

tomb(s), 3, 5–7, 10, 15, 80, 86, 97–8, 100, 106, 115, 127, 153, 156, 161, 166, 175, 178, 181, 188, 198–9, 203, 206–7, 213, 221, 225, 228–9, 232–6, 238, 240, 249, 252, 255–6, 288, 291, 300–1, 310, 318, 328–9, See also burial(s), funerary deposit(s), specifi c tombs, sites where tombs have been located

tool(s), 6, 14, 16–18, 26–7, 29–30, 32–5, 37, 39, 41, 54–5, 58–9, 61–5, 69, 71, 75–7, 79, 83, 85–7, 90, 103, 111, 152, 156–60, 242, 245–6, 248–9, 251, 263–4, 270, 276–7, See also specifi c tools

tooth, 280topography, 4, 6, 254torso(s), 21, 104, 130, 142, 145, 242tortoise, 103Tower(s)

A: 185, 193A and B: 175, 182, 282–3, 306–8, 310C: 191, 270, 287D: 295

toy(s), 158, 302trade, 2–5, 7, 28, 163, 217–18, 251, 256traditionalist society, 254training, 2transaction(s), 14, 18, 29, 79, 246transgender, 16transport, 69–70, 96, 112, 188, 203, 320trappings, 107, 111–12, 136, 253travel, 2, 115–16tree(s), 39, 71, 90, 95, 97–8, 100–11, 115, 155,

284trefoil rim, 174, 177, 187–8, 200, 203, 205,

208–9, 284, 315triangular tool, 61, 270, 301tripod, 89, 273–4Troad, 119Troodos Mountains, 153trough(s), 35, 68, 273–4trumpet shells, 143Tudhaliya IV, 252–3tuna, 116, 291Turkey, 2, 30–1

tusk, 280tuyère, 68two-dimensional fi gures, 19, 23, 254Type II, 6, 8, 24–5, 164, 166–7, 170, 174–5,

177–8, 180–3, 196–8, 202–3, 207–8, 220, 225–6, 229, 231–3, 235–6, 243–4, 255–6

Type(s), 6, 24, 166, 178, 202, 220–5, 227–30, 232–3, 236

typology, 2, 6, 13, 23–5, 174, 180–1, 188–9, 196, 201–3, 210, 215, 218, 220, 222–32, 244, 255–6, 325, See also classifi cation(s)

Tyre, 10–11, 172, 207–8, 213, 215–16, 217

Ugarit, 4, 6, 9, 31, 36, 264Ugaritic, 27–28Ulu Burun, 2, 30–1, 51underworld, 252unfi nished material, 19, 76–7, 120, 201, 264–5,

268, 280unguents, 115upraised arms gesture, 80, 127, 131, 133–4, 138,

141, 249, 252uraeus, 69, 268urban context, 1, 7, 9–10, 26, 236–8, 245, 260urine, 87

value, 3, 5–6, 18, 32, 35, 44, 55–67, 110, 127, 140, 147, 245, 267

Van Beek, Gus, 230van der Leeuw, Sander, 23Vandenabeele, Frieda, 235variability, 237, 241variables, 23–5, 234vase painting, 120, 233–4vats, 35veil, 134veneer, 90vessel contents, 25, 30, 32, 35, 46, 123, 218, 233viewer, 19, 21–2vignette, 19, 296visibility, 8–10, 15, 19, 21, 47, 71, 79–81, 86, 93,

101, 103, 130, 133–4, 162, 244–5, 247, 251, 254, 260, 276, 302

voice, 120, 143voids, 25volume, 31, 46votive(s), 32, 54–5, 64, 67–9, 77, 82, 97, 107,

141, 195, 200, 218, 227, 237, 246, 254, 280, 299

Vouni, 228–9

wallbracket(s), 64, 86–8, 120, 201, 248, 280hanging(s), 85–6, 88, 90, 104, 107, 120–1,

125Wall I, 301ware, 24–5, 221–5, 230–4




384 �

General Index

warfare, 112warp, 32, 238, 240, 243

-weighted loom, 32, 279, 328warriors, 136washing, 34, 68, 265waste, 67, 159, 195, 209wasters, 193, 237water, 58, 66, 85, 97, 114–17, 150, 152–3, 169,

173, 185, 193, 248wax, 29–31, 56, 77, 89wealth, 1, 3, 6, 75, 78, 80, 112, 143, 152wear, 16, 33, 39, 58–9, 71, 81, 97, 109, 115,

121, 156–7, 192, 196, 246, 290, See also abrasion

weavers, 14weaving, 32, 34–5, 64, 75–6, 85–6, 103, 158,

238, 240, 254, 279, 328Webb, Jennifer, 160wedge-shaped stylus, 65, 77, 156weft, 35, 238, 243, 263weight(s), 18, 28, 31–6, 44–5, 51, 53–5, 59, 61,

64, 69, 71, 74, 76–7, 79–80, 90, 111, 116–17, 119, 147, 158–9, 177, 197, 245–7, 264, 267, 269–71, 276, See also measure-ment, scale pan(s), standards, specifi c weight types

Well1: 66–8, 94, 102, 274, 280, 284, 3032: 279, 2993: 64, 2704: 274, 279, 2836: 269–707: 76, 162, 276, 29317: 76, 276, 281

well(s), 42, 57–8, 61, 64, 66, 68, 76, 106, 143, 269, 303, See specifi c wells

Westholm, Alfred, 221wheat, 97, 252wheelmade objects, 21, 58–9, 83, 95, 108, 120,

122, 125, 128–32, 142, 145, 241, 329wheels, 114whetstone, 54White Painted

handmade ware, 153ware, 24, 67, 87, 96, 153, 170, 172, 174–7,

179–81, 183–4, 186, 191–3, 196, 198, 202–3, 222–6, 231, 237, 256, 273–4, 282, 284, 289–90, 304–11, 313–20

Wheelmade III ware, 94, 268, 270, 273–4, 282–4, 286, 288, 290–1, 300

White Shaved ware, 268, 273, 283White Slip ware, 153, 268, 304, 319whole vessel, 25whorl(s), 35, 101, 153, 201, 266, 271, 277wide and shallow bowl(s), 95–6, 174–6, 178,

181, 183–4, 186–8, 197–9, 202–5, 208–9, 211, 216, 226, 238, 241, 255

windows, 83wine, 94–5, 97, 115, 237winged

creatures, 90, 110, 114–15, 147, 268, 281, 285, 290

sun disk, 281woman (women), 13, 90, 92, 126–8, 132, 134,

142, 146–7, 158, 160, 235, 240–2, 249, 252, 254, 282, 292–3, 295, 299, See also female(s)

wood, 17, 23, 29–31, 61, 71, 76, 86, 89, 97–8, 105, 121, 123, 202, 287, See also roller(s), tablet(s)

wool, 56, 103words, 27, 32, 48, 59workshop(s), 8–9, 26, 32–9, 42–5, 48, 50–1, 54,

55, 57–9, 61–5, 67, 68, 71, 77–8, 80, 83, 85, 87, 93, 95, 97, 102–3, 107, 110–12, 117–18, 143, 147, 150, 153, 158, 160, 163, 173–5, 185, 190–1, 197, 200, 206, 211, 223, 233–4, 235–7, 240, 242–3, 245–7, 249, 251, 255–6, 264–5, 274–5, 280, 291, 301, See also household(s), industry, specifi c types of workshops

worldview, 1–3, 10, 13–14, 16–17, 19, 23, 25–6, 83, 90, 111, 115, 127, 149–50, 152, 163, 248, 252–4

worship, 11, 62, 96, 127, 146, 152, 253–4worshipper(s), 127writing, 3, 9, 13–14, 18, 27–30, 32, 35, 37, 46,

55–6, 59, 61, 69–71, 77, 97, 157, 218, 220, 233, 240, 246–7, 253–4, 263, 276, See also inscription(s)

Yazilikaya, 252Yon, Marguerite, 8, 164, 168

Zenon, 251Zeus, 14




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OB J E C TS I N DE X

Kition Tomb 1 (1963)3: 31517: 306, 32821: 306, 32822: 306, 32823: 306, 32825: 31526: 315

Kition-BamboulaK76–1942: 170KEF-63: 288KEF-90: 304KEF-91: 304KEF-121: 304KEF-123: 304KEF-141: 92, 142, 280,

294KEF-224: 288Stela of Sargon II: 10–12

Kition-Chrysopolitissa (Area I)36: 29642: 292, 28849/1: 28056/2: 28859: 28569: 288

Kition-Chrysopolitissa (Area I) (continued)

70: 28971: 291183: 286223/1: 50, 266312: 296317: 287, 297331: 287, 297359: 291, 300365: 296366: 288369/3: 289383: 285384: 287412A: 301423/4: 276440: 285441: 285443: 285443A: 301451: 285467: 287486: 72, 264, 266, 276491: 285507: 107, 286

Kition-Chrysopolitissa (Area I) (continued)

552: 296565: 264569/1: 280578: 296664: 286671/1: 286681/3: 280686: 300716: 285716A: 158, 301742/1: 296759/1: 287786: 287792/1: 293844: 290954: 277963A: 74, 2761065: 264, 2761083: 2851100: 2761101: 2871108: 264, 2761110: 2641115: 280

Note on the objects index: This index references specifi c objects from excavations at Kition by the French Mission at Kition-Bamboula and the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus at Kition-Chrysopolitissa (including Tombs 4–5 and Tomb 9), Kition-Kathari, and Tomb 1 (1963). These inven-toried objects can be found in the 1985 volume by Marguerite Yon and Annie Caubet and the several Excavations at Kition volumes published by Vassos Karageorghis, most particularly volumes I (tombs, Karageorghis

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