g eometric boundary
DESCRIPTION
g eometric boundary. physical-political boundary. Friedrich Ratzel German School: lebensraum. Germany starts WWII. Sir Halford Mackinder’s Heartland Theory. Nichols Spyman’s Rimland Theory. Cooperation vs …. Unilateralism: Vietnam. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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geometric boundary
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physical-political boundary
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Friedrich Ratzel German School: lebensraum
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Germany starts WWII
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Sir Halford Mackinder’s Heartland Theory
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Nichols Spyman’s Rimland Theory
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Cooperation vs…
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Unilateralism: Vietnam United States58,220 dead; 303,644 wounded South Korea5,099 dead; 10,962 wounded; 4 missing Australia500 dead; 3,129 wounded Thailand351 dead;1,358 wounded New Zealand37 dead; 187 wounded Philippines9 dead
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1. Compact States: Efficient
• In a compact state, the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
• The ideal theoretical compact state would be shaped like a circle, with the capital at the center and the shortest possible boundaries to defend.
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2. Prorupted States: Access or Disruption
• An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension is a prorupted state.
• Proruptions are created for 2 reasons:• Access to a resource such as water• They can also separate two states that otherwise
would share a boundary.
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3. Elongated States: Potential Isolation
• There are a handful of elongated states, or states with a long and narrow shape.
• Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communications.
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4. Fragmented States: Problematic• A fragmented state includes several discontinuous
pieces of territory.• 2 kinds: those areas separated by water, and those separated by an intervening state.
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5. Perforated States: South Africa
• A state that completely surrounds another is a perforated state.
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1. Compact States: Efficient
• In a compact state, the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
• The ideal theoretical compact state would be shaped like a circle, with the capital at the center and the shortest possible boundaries to defend.
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Compact State - Rwanda
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2. Prorupted States: Access or Disruption
• An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension is a prorupted state.
• Proruptions are created for 2 reasons:• Access to a resource such as water• They can also separate two states that otherwise
would share a boundary.
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When the British ruled the otherwise compact state of Afghanistan, they created a long, narrow proruption to the east that was to prevent Russia from sharing a border with Pakistan.
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3. Elongated States: Potential Isolation
• There are a handful of elongated states, or states with a long and narrow shape.
• Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communications.
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4. Fragmented States: Problematic• A fragmented state includes several discontinuous
pieces of territory.• 2 kinds: those areas separated by water, and those separated by an intervening state.
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The most extreme example is Indonesia, made up of 13,677 islands.
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5. Perforated States: South Africa
• A state that completely surrounds another is a perforated state.
• The one good example is South Africa which completely surrounds the state of Lesotho.
• Lesotho must depend entirely on South Africa for the import and export of goods.
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Fragmented States• The most extreme example is Indonesia, made up of
13,677 islands.• The fragmentation hinders communications makes
integration of of people living on remote islands nearly impossible.
• A difficult type of fragmentation occurs if the 2 pieces of territory are separated by another state.
• Imagine the difficulty of communicating between Alaska and the lower 48 if Canada were not a friendly neighbor.
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Fragmented States• An unusual case of fragmentation is in India on a tiny strip of
land called Tin Bigha.• The Tin Bigha corridor measures only 600 feet by 300 feet. • It fragments Dhagram and Angarpota from the rest of
Bangladesh.• The problem is a legacy of the British who divided the region
according to religion with Hindu enclaves to India and Muslim enclaves to Bangladesh.
• India agreed to lease the Tin Bigha corridor to Bangladesh.• This created another fragmentation - Cooch Behar from the
rest of India.