g. mccommon, dvm; o. samples, rvt, mph, dhsc; a. collins fort valley state university, ft. valley,...
TRANSCRIPT
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BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT TO
CHILDREN AND HUNTERS
G. McCommon, DVM; O. Samples, RVT, MPH, DHSc; A. CollinsFort Valley State University, Ft. Valley, GA
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BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS
Gastrointestinal parasite of North American Raccoon (Procyons lotor)
Commonly known as “raccoon roundworm”
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BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS – BIOLOGY
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EXTERNALLY SPEAKING…
2-4 weeks for eggs to become infective
Embryonated egg contains 1 larvae
Upon hatching, larvae is a destructive
force to humans
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EGGS SHED BY RACCOON
Ingested by definitive host
Ingested by paratenic host* *Paratenic host: intermediate host whose presence may or may not be required for
completion of life cycle but does not include parasite development
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LARVAL INVASION
o 80 micrometers long
o Reproduce in raccoon
small intestines
o Excreted in fecal
matter
o Larvae can only reach
adulthood in raccoons
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Larval Invasion of Hosts
Raccoons Definitive host
Dogs
Alternative definitive host
Small Mammals/Birds
Paratenic host*
*Paratenic host
a host not necessary for parasite development
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RACCOON TOILETRY
Raccoons utilize “latrines” for
defecation/urination
Latrines are:
Communal areas of habitual excretion
Contaminated with eggs and larvae
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DANGER…DANGER!!!
Common latrine sites
Attics
Crawlspaces
Woodpiles
Gutters
House Eaves/Gables
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LATRINES
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ZOONOTIC IMPLICATIONS
Latrines as well as raccoons, dead or alive pose serious
heath risks to humans
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CONTAMINATION/INFECTION
Eggs may be picked up unknowingly and
ingested
Children
Individuals practicing geophagia (dirt eating)
Hunters (cleaning/handling carcass)
Taxidermists (carcass preservation)
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INGESTION = INFECTION
Upon ingestion, eggs hatch into larvae
In humans larvae migrate to organs/tissues
Liver
Heart
Lungs
Brain
Eyes
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VISCERAL LARVAL MIGRANS (VLM)
Heart
Brain
Lungs
Liver
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OCULAR LARVAL MIGRANS (OLM)
Eyes
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LIKE A ROLLING STONE
Larvae are notorious wanderers
Continue to grow as long as in human
body
Destroying tissue
Pathologic signs and symptoms
Can be fatal
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THE LAZARUS EFFECT
Baylisascaris procyonis does not readily die
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SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN BAYLISASCARIS PROCYONIS LARVAL INFECTION
Abdominal pain (VLM)
Loss of balance (VLM)
Loss of muscle coordination (VLM)
Blindness (OLM)
Death (VLM)
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DIAGNOSIS
1. Blood evaluation of antibody levels
2. CSF evaluation of eosinophil presence
1. (brain & spinal cord)
3. CAT Scan/MRI
4. Ocular examination for larval activity
5. Biopsy of tissue
6. Autopsy
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TREATMENT
No Cure!!!
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SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT
Corticosteroids
= suppresses inflammation
= minimize organ/tissue damage
Larvacide
Albendazole 25-50 mg/kg SID x 10
days
*possibility of Rx resistance
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PREVENTION
1. Keep trash cans covered to discourage raccoon feeding
2. Keep attics and crawlspaces tightly sealed to discourage
habitation
3. Train children to wash hands before eating outside
4. Hunters and taxidermists should use gloves, masks, other
PPE’s when handling carcass
5. Keep gutters, eaves and gable areas clean of debris and
leaves to discourage latrine activity
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QUESTIONS
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MANY THANKS…
Department of Veterinary Science Ms. Jovy Pitts (creative design)
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REFERENCES
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention . (2015, March 18). Parasites -
Baylisascaris infection. Retrieved May 18,
2015, from cdc.gov:
http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/baylisascari
s/biology.html