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AD-E400 «?©-
MEMORANDUM REPORT ARLCD-MR-78006
PROJECTILE INTERIOR COATING
FOR COMPOSITION B IMPROVEMENT
G. ROBERT SACCO ROCCO MOTTO
TECHNICAL LIBRARY
NOVEMBER 1978
US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND LARGE CALIBER
WEAPON SYSTEMS LABORATORY DOVER, NEW JERSEY
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.
The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Depart- ment of the Army position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other documentation.
Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.
The citation in this report of the names of com- mercial firms or commercially available pro- ducts or services does not constitute official endorsement or approval of such commercial firms, products, or services by the United States Government.
ERRATA
MEMORANDUM REPORT ARLCD-MR-78006
PROJECTILE INTERIOR COATING FOR COMPOSITION B IMPROVEMENT
G. Robert Sacco Rocco Motto
November 1978
Ihe AD-B number on this report was assigned incorrectly. The correct number should be changed to AD-E-400 269.
UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whm Datm BntmrtO)
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NUMBER
ARLCD-MR-78006
2. OOVT ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE Cand Subtttlt)
Projectile Interior Coating for Composition B Improvement
READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
Interim
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHORf.;
G. Robert Sacco Rocco Motto
8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfa)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Commander, ARRADCOM Applied Science Div, LCWSL Dover. NJ 07801
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS
612105H840011
II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
Commander, ARRADCOM STINFO, TSD (DRDAR-TSS) Dover. NJ 07801
12. REPORT DATE
November 1978 13. NUMBER OF PAGES
19 U. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft AOORESSflf <ll//«r«n( Irooi Conttolltnt OWct) IS. SECURITY CLASS, (of thlm report)
UNCLASSIFIED ISa. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING
SCHEDULE
16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol Ihlm Rtpcrt)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Ui* •b.lr.cl tntmrmd In Block 30, It dlllertnt from Report)
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
19. KEY WORDS (Cenllnum on rarara* aid* l/naeaaaary and tdtntlty by block number)
Adhesive coating Bonding TNT-based explosive Polyurethane
Zinc phosphated steel Adhesion promoters Tensile strength
2Q. AMTNACT (TZoottnue anravaraa aMa * nmtmtmmi mud. Identltr by block number)
A system for coating a projectile interior to provide corrosion protection for the steel and to bond the TNT-based explosive casting to the projectile has been developed. The coating material, which consists of an adhesion promoter combined with a polyurethane, has shown excellent properties in laboratory tests at low, ambient, and high temperatures. The coating is a 50/50 mixture of Estane 5715/VMCH with 1% Epon 828 dissolved in a 50/50 methyl ethyl ketone/methyl iso- butyl ketone solution to give a 20% concentration. The coating material is being
OD | j^Tn 1473 EOfTIOM OF I NOV SS IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (ilfcan Da(a Entered)
UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(WhMi Dmlm BntgWg
tested on a pilot plant scale and has been effective in several loading tests performed to date. This coating appears to be sprayable with standard commercial spraying equipment.
UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfHTien Data Entered)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Discussion
Materials
Page no.
1
Experimental Procedure 2
Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials 2 Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials with
Comp B 3 Formulation of Preferred Adhesive-Coatinq Materials 3 Split-Shell Test 3
5
Conclusion 5
Distribution List 15
TABLES
No.
1 Tensile strength of adhesive coatings 6
2 Tensile strength of adhesive coating with Comp B 10
3 Tensile strength of selected adhesive coatings with Comp B 13
FIGURE
1 Coupon assembly for tensile test 4
DISCUSSION
In this program, approximately one hundred adhesive-coating materials were evaluated for corrosion protection of steel and for use in bonding TNT-based explosives to the interiors of projectiles. Hot melts and acrylics (with and without plasticizers) were investi- gated, but they did not meet the requirements of the projectile ad- hesive-coating (see tables 1 and 2).
A United Kingdom (UK) technology which uses a paint solution was investigated as a standard for comparison. Since the paint is not readily available in this country, several paints produced in the US similar to the UK sample were ordered and evaluated. These materials were also unsatisfactory (table 2),
Polyurethane polymers supplied by Hooker Chemical, B.F. Goodrich, and Thiokol Chemical were evaluated. Initially, the aliphatic polyurethanes, aromatic-polyester polyurethanes, and polyether polyurethanes supplied were unsatisfactory. The bonds formed with zinc phosphated steel were marginal at best. Adding adhesion promoters to the polyurethanes increased the bond strengths to steel in several samples; however, only one of the polyurethanes, Estane BTIS/VTVICH, met the requirements of bonding to steel and reactivating at the melt temperature of Comp B to form a strong bond at the coating/Comp B interface. The slight solubility of Estane 5715 in TNT enhanced bonding. When Estane 5715 (B.F. Goodrich) and VMCH (Union Carbide Corp.) were combined in a concentration of 50/50 parts by weight (pbw) by dissolving them in ketone solvents, the resulting adhesive-coating had superior pro- perties to the UK coating material (table 3). The combination of Estane 5715/VMCH works in almost all concentrations of from 5-95 pbw. However, the 50-50 concentration was found to give the best overall results for coating, bonding, and ease of applica- tion by spraying.
Tensile strength tests at low (-40oC), ambient (240C), and high (630C) temperatures and split-shell tests indicate that this coating meets all the requirements of the program. The vacuum stability test at 100^ gave the following results:
Gas evolved
(ml)
1. Comp B with 0.61 MNT + 0.5% Estane 5702 0.21
2. Estane 5715/VMCH with 1% Epon 828 0.78
3. Combination of 1 and 2, above 0.93
At present there is a problem in spray coating with the avail- able equipment. Coating the interior of a 105-mm projectile using 10, 15, and 20% pbw solids in solvent (50/50 pbw of Estane 5715- VMCH in a 50/50 pbw of methyl ethyl ketone/methyl isobutyl ketone solvent) has not been entirely satisfactory. Satisfactory spray coatings can be achieved by using the proper spray equipment or manipulating the concentration of solvents (methyl ethyl ketone/ methyl isobutyl ketone). There is also a possibility of using 2- pentanone, 3-pentanone, or 2-methyl 3-butanone, all of which have higher boiling points than methyl ethyl ketone and lower boiling points than methyl isobutyl ketone. The use of 2-pentanone, 3- pentanone or 2-methyl 3-pentanone depends on their availability in bulk quantities.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials
Adhesive-coating materials were evaluated by coating a 1. 27 x 2.54 cm (1/2 x 1 in.) area on each 2.54 x 7.62 cm (1x3 in.) aluminum coupon. Three samples of each adhesive-coating system were prepared and tested using a Baldwin Test Instrument. Using the tensile strength of Comp B neat as a standard [approximately 1.38 MPa(200 psi)], only samples exceeding this bond strength were tested.
Tensile Strength of Adhesive-Coating Materials with Comp B
The coating materials exceeding the 1. 38 MPa (200 psi) tensile strength were further evaluated by placing them on 2. 54 x 7.62 cm (1x3 in.) zinc phosphated steel coupons and shipping the coupons to the Energetic Materials Division. The coated coupons were heated to 80° i S0^, and a layer of Comp B was poured onto one coupon before the coupon was assembled to a second coupon (fig. 1). Three tensile shear-strength samples of each material were prepared and tested using an Instron Tensile Tester. Samples that met the requirements for adhesion at 24°^ (750F) were further tested at -40oC (-40oF) and 630C (1450F). A minimum 2.54 x lO"3
cm (0.001 in.) thick coating was necessary for successful bonding.
Formulationof Preferred Adhesive-Coating Materials
A 20% pbw solution of solids in solvent was prepared as follows:
260 g methyl ethyl ketone Certified Grade, Fisher Chemical Co.
260 g methyl isobutyl ketone Certified Grade, Fisher Chemical Co.
65 g Estane 5715 B.F. Goodrich, Adhesive Prod. Div.
65 g VMCH Union Carbide Corp. 1.3 g Epon 828 Shell Chemical Co.
(Stabilizer)
Split-Shell Test
After brush coating 2.54 x 10~3 to 3.81 x 10"3cm (1 to 1.5 mil) layers of adhesive on split shells, the shells were loaded with Comp B containing 0.5% Estane 5702 and 0.6% mononitrotoluene (MNT). Brackets were attached to both halves of the shells and they were placed horizontally in a nest. A dead load of two tons was applied to the lower halves of the splits to rupture the bonds. The shells were removed from the nest and the location of the rupture determined. The acceptance criterion for this test was failure within the Comp B, not at the shell/adhesive interface.
ADHESIVE
STEEL COUPONS
Figure 1. Coupon assembly for tensile test.
Materials
Modified Comp B - 60/40 RDX/TNT containing 0.5% Estane 5702 plasticized with 0.6% MNT.
Estane 5715 - a heat reactive aromatic-polyester polyurethane obtained from B. F. Goodrich.
VMCH - a copolymer of vinyl chloride (86%), vinyl acetate (13%) and inter-polymerized dibasic acid (1%), obtained from Union Carbide Corp.
Methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone - certified grades obtained from Fisher Scientific Co.
Epon 828 - an epoxidized bisphenol A supplied by Shell Chemical Co.
CONCLUSION
Evaluation of Estane 5715-VMCH 50-50 pbw, the preferred adhesive/coating formulation, shows it to be superior in desirable properties to the adhesive/coating system used by the United Kingdom to reduce prematures under setback conditions.
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13
DISTRIBUTION LIST
Commander U.S. Army Armament Research and Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-TSS (5)
DRDAR-LCA-OA (15) DRDAR-LCN (5) DRDAR-LCU (5) DRDAR-QA (2) DRDAR-TSF (2) DRDAR-QAA DRDAR-QAN DRDAR-LCE (5)
Dover, NJ 07801
Commander U.S. Army Missile Research and Development Command ATTN: DRDMI-EAM, Mr. E.A. Verchot
Chief, Document Section Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35809
Plastics Technical Evaluation Center ATTN: Mr.H. Pebly
Mr. A. Landrock U.S. Army ARRADCOM Dover, NJ 07801
Commander U.S. Naval Weapons Station ATTN: Research and Development Div Yorktown, VA 23491
Defense Documentation Center Cameron Station (12) Alexandria, VA 22314
U.S. Army Armament Materiel Readiness Command ATTN: DRSAR-LEP-L Rock Island, IL 61299
Director U.S. Army TRADOC Systems Analysis Activity ATTN: ATTAA-SL (Tech Library) White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002
15
Weapons System Concept Team/CSL ATTN: DRDAR-ACW Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010
Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-CLJ-L Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005
Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-TSB-S Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010
Technical Library ATTN: DRDAR-LCB-TL Benet Weapons Laboratory Watervliet, NY 12189
U.S. Army Materiel System Analysis Activity ATTN: DRXSY-MP Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005
16