g33a-0664 the global gnss, slr, vlbi, and doris networks ...westerbork wuhan xian christmas island...
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Aira
Badary
Brewster
Chichi Jima
Concepçion
E�elsberg
Fort Davis
Fortaleza
Goldstone
Greenbelt
Hancock
Hartebeesthoek
Hobart
Kashima
Kitt Peak
Kokee Park
Los Alamos
Matera
Mauna Kea
Medicina
Metsahovi
North Liberty
Ny Ålesund
O'Higgins
Onsala
Owens Valley
Parkes
Pie TownShanghai
ShintotsukawaSimeiz
St. Croix
Svetloe
Syowa
Tidbinbilla
Tsukuba
Urumqi
Westford
Wettzell
Amsterdam
Arequipa
Ascension Island
Belgrano
Betio
Cachoeira Paulista
Cibinong
Crozet Island
Dionysos
Djibouti
Easter Island
Futuna
Gavdos
Kerguelen
Kitab
Kourou
Krasnoyarsk
La Reunion
Libreville
Mahe
Male
Manila
Marion Island
Miami
Mount Everest
Mount Stromlo
Noumea
Ponta Delgada
Port Moresby
Reykjavik
Rikitea
Rio Grande
Rothera
Sainte-Helene
Sal
Santiago
Socorro Island
Terre Adelie
Thule
Toulouse
Tristan De Cunha
Yarragadee
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Beijing
Helwan
Katzively
Maidanak
McDonald
Riyadh
San Juan
Simosato
Sta�ord
Tahiti
Tanegashima
Antananarivo
Addis Ababa
Ajaccio
Victoria
Alice Springs
Alert
Colorado Springs
Amman
Ankara
Los Angeles
Arti
Pago Pago
Whangaparaoa Peninsula
Baie Comeau
Baker Lake
Bangalore
Bar Harbor
Bridgetown
Bahrain
Bilibino
Bogota
Borowiec
Brasilia
Bermuda
Brest
Bucuresti
Buenos Aires
Cagliari
Gatineau
Capoterra
Casey
Mammoth Lakes
CedunaCaucete
Changchun
Chatham Island
Chumysh
Churchill
Chilliwack
Ensenada
Saipan
Cocos
Copiapo
Cordoba
Coso Junction
Coyhaique
Patumwan
Daejeon
Dakar
Darwin
Davis
Diego Garcia
Metzoki Dragot
PentictonLac du Bonnet
Dubrovnik
Diyarbakir
Roquetes
Eastport
Escuminac
Esteli
Faaa
Faleolo
Flin Flon
Puerto Ayora
Kiev
Gough Island
Grasse
Graz
DededoGuatemala City
Mangilao
Halat Ammar
Herstmonceux
Hilo
Halifax
Honolulu
Cambridge
Hoefn
Holberg
Holman
Hermitage
Hyderabad
Aguascalientes
Inuvik
Iquique
Irkutsk
Istanbul
Jabiru
Jozefoslaw
Karratha
Kangerlussuaq
Koganei
KhabarovskKharkiv
Kiruna
Kootwijk
Koumac
Kunming
Kuujjuarapik
Kwajalein Atoll
Lae
Olsztyn
Lhasa
La Plata
La Rochelle
MacQuarie Island
Madrid
Magadan
Malindi
Managua
Maartsbo
Maspalomas
Haleakala
Mawson
Mbarara
Ogasawara
McMurdo
Mendeleevo
Mykolaiv
Mizusawa
Obninsk
Melbourne
Monument Peak
Morpeth
Christchurch
Franceville
Mitaka
Nain
Namas
Nanoose Bay
Nicosia
Boulder
Alo�
New Norcia
Noto
Novosibirsk
Ottawa
Norilsk
Yerevan
Singapore
Ohrid
Osijek
Osan
Dunedin
Punta Arenas
Penc
Perth
Petropavlovsk
Pickle Lake
Bishkek
Poltava
Potsdam
Porto Velho
Calgary
Pretoria
Qaqortoq
Qikiqtarjuaq
Quito
Quincy
Rabat
Mitzpe Ramon
Richardsbay
Nairobi
Recife
Resolute
Riga
Riobamba
Sao Luis
Saskatoon
Sassnitz
Salvador
Sche�er�eld
Scoresbysund
Santiago de Cuba
Almaty
San Fernando
Shediac
Simonstown
San Lorenzo
So�a
San Salvador
Lviv
Brisbane
Sutherland
Suva
Suwon-shi
Sydney
Tehran
Tixi
Hsinchu
Cape Ferguson
Trabzon
Tromsoe
Gebze
Tuktoyaktuk
Taoyuan
Ucluelet
Curitiba
Ulaanbataar
Fredericton
Salta
Washington
Usuda
Uzhgorod
Vacoas
Val d'Or
Valparaiso
Vesleskarvet
Villafranca
Visby
Wellington
Whitehorse
Williams Lake
Windhoek
WroclawWhistler
Westerbork
Wuhan
Xian
Christmas Island
Yakutsk
Yebes
Yibal
Yamoussoukro
Lusaka
Zelenchukskaya
Zimmerwald
Zwenigorod
Vandenberg AFB
St. John's
Algonquin
Yellowknife
Fairbanks
Paris
Adelaide
E�elsberg
Matera
Medicina
Metsahovi
Noto
Onsala
Simeiz
Svetloe
Wettzell
Zelenchukskaya
Dionysos
Gavdos
Reykjavik
Toulouse
Katzively
Ajaccio
Ankara
Borowa Gora
Borowiec
Brest
Brussels
BucurestiBolzano
CagliariCapoterra
Delft
Dubrovnik
Diyarbakir
Roquetes
FranfurtGanovce
Genova
Kiev
Ondrejov
Grasse
Graz
Herstmonceux
Innsbruck
Hoefn
Hermitage
Huegelheim
TorinoIstanbul
Jozefoslaw
Kharkiv
Kiruna
Kootwijk
Olsztyn
Leipzig
La Rochelle
Madrid
Maartsbo
Marseille
Mendeleevo
Mykolaiv
Obninsk
Morpeth
Mattersburg
Nicosia
Teddington
Oberpfa�enhofenParis
Ohrid
Osijek
Padova
Penc
Poltava
PotsdamBraunschweig
Rabat
Riga
Sassnitz Island of Ruegen
San Fernando
So�a
Boras
Lviv
Titz
Trabzon
Tromsoe
Gebze
Ferrara
Uzhgorod
Villafranca
Visby
Wabern
Rostock-Warnemuende
WroclawWesterbork
Yebes
Zimmerwald
Zwenigorod
Sites in Europe
Azusa
Temecula
Blythe
Burbank
San Gabriel Mtns
Ensenada
Pasadena (CIT)
Claremont
Sylmar
Coso Junction
Yucaipa
Northridge
Durmid Hill
Goldstone
Hollydale
JPL
Long Beach
Hollywood
Irwindale
Monument Peak
Pinyon Flat
Pinemeadow
Simi Valley
San Clemente Island
Piru
La Jolla
San Nicolas Island
Saddle Peak
Wrightwood
Torrance
Irvine
Los Angeles (UCLA)Los Angeles (USC)
Sky Valley
Mt. Wilson
Sites in Califorina
IGS (GNSS) Network Site (414 sites)
ILRS (SLR) Network Site (42 sites)
IVS (VLBI) Network/Cooperating Site (27/18 sites)
IDS (DORIS) Network Site (58 sites)
Co-location of 4 Techniques (2 sites)
Co-location of 3 Techniques (14 sites)
Co-location of 2 Techniques (69 sites)
Photos courtesy of the IGS, ILRS, IVS, and IDS and their supporting agencies12/09/2008
The Global GNSS, SLR, VLBI, and DORIS Networks and their Support of GGOS:IGS+ILRS+IVS+IDSCarey Noll
CDDIS ManagerNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD USA [email protected]
Hartebeesthoek, S. Africa: DORIS+SLR+VLBI+GNSS
Shanghai, China: GNSS+VLBI+SLR
Greenbelt MD, USA: SLR+DORIS+GNSS+VLBI
Yarragadee, Australia: SLR+GNSS+DORIS
G33A-0664
Scientific Contributions of the IGS, ILRS, IVS, and IDS:• Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF): + Station positions and velocities: GNSS, SLR, VLBI, DORIS + TRF scale and temporal variations: VLBI, SLR + Network densification: GNSS + Homogenous network distribution: DORIS• Celestial Reference Frame: VLBI• Precise Orbit Determination (POD): + Accurate satellite ephemerides: GNSS, SLR, DORIS + Calibration/validation for remote sensing missions, instruments: SLR, GNSS + Sea level monitoring: GNSS, SLR, DORIS• Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP): + Polar motion and rates: VLBI, SLR, GNSS, DORIS + Length-of-day: GNSS, SLR, DORIS + UT1-UTC and long-term stability of nutation: VLBI• Atmosphere: + Tropospheric zenith delays: GNSS, VLBI + Global maps of ionosphere mean electron content: GNSS, DORIS + Limb sounding for global profiles of water vapor: GNSS• Gravity: + Static and time-varying coefficients of the Earth's gravity field: DORIS, SLR + Total Earth mass: SLR + Temporal variations of network origin with respect to Earth center of mass: SLR• Timing: + Station and satellite clock solutions: GNSS + Time and frequency transfer between time laboratories: GNSS• Fundamental Physics: + General relativity and alternative theories: SLR/LLR + Light bending, time dilation: VLBI
References:• Z. Altamimi, “Status of the Development of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame”, GSFC Seminar, October 29, 2008.• J. Dow, R. Neilan, G. Gendt, “The International GPS Service (IGS): Celebrating the 10th Anniversary and Looking to the Next Decade“, Advances in Space Research. Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 320-326, August 2005.
DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.125.• M. Pearlman, J. Degnan, J. Bosworth, “The International Laser Ranging Service”, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 135-143, July 2002. DOI:10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00277-6.• W. Schlüter, D. Behrend, “The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS): Current Capabilities and Future Prospects“, Journal of Geodesy, Vol. 81, Nos. 6–8, pp. 379–387, June 2007.
DOI:10.1007/s00190-006-0131-z.• G. Tavernier, H. Fagard, M. Feissel-Vernier, K. Le Bail, F. Lemoine, C. Noll, R. Noomen, J.C. Ries, L. Soudarin, J.J. Valette, P. Willis, “The International DORIS Service: Genesis and Early Achievements“, Journal of
Geodesy, Vol. 80, Nos. 8-11, pp. 403-417, November 2006. DOI:10.1007/s00190-006-0082-4.
Summary:The global networks of the IAG’s geometric services, the International GNSS Service (IGS), the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS), and the International DORIS Service (IDS), are part of the ground-based infrastructure for GGOS. The observations obtained from these global networks provide for the determination and maintenance of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), an accurate set of positions and velocities that provides a stable coordinate system allowing scientists to link measurements over space and time. As of fall 2008, these networks consisted of 414 GNSS sites, 42 laser ranging sites, 45 VLBI sites, and 58 DORIS sites. This poster illustrates the global coverage of these networks, highlighting inter-technique co-locations, and showing the importance of these networks to the underlying goals of GGOS including providing the observational basis to maintain a stable, accurate, global reference frame.
Many of these sites offer co-location of two or more techniques. Co-location provides integration of technique-specific networks into the ITRF as well as an assessment/validation of the quality and accuracy of the resulting measurements. A co-location site consists of two or more space geodesy instruments installed within hundreds of meters of each other. A survey in three dimensions with adequate precision is required to inter-relate the measurements derived from each of the co-located instruments. These differential coordinates are measured through classical or GPS survey methods. Today, over 80 global sites have co-locations of two or more of these space geodesy instrumentation (2 sites with four techniques, 14 sites with three techniques, and 69 sites with two techniques). Unfortunately, however, not all of these inter-technique co-location vectors are measured with sufficient accuracy for intercomparison/combination purposes.
The data generated by these networks, as well as products derived from these data, are available from the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS, http://cddis.nasa.gov). The CDDIS is NASA’s active archive and information service of space geodesy data and products and currently serves as a key global data center for the IGS, ILRS, IVS, and IDS as well as GGOS. For over 25 years, the CDDIS has provided continuous, long term, public access to the data and product records required for the terrestrial reference frame to the global Earth Science community.
GG S
Matera, Italy: SLR+VLBI+GNSS
Wettzell, Germany: VLBI+SLR+GNSS
Concepçion, Chile: GNSS+VLBI+SLR
Syowa, Antarctica: VLBI+DORIS+GNSS