g51iai introduction to artificial intelligence andrew parkes ajp/ course introduction
TRANSCRIPT
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G51IAIIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence
Andrew Parkeshttp://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/
Course Introduction
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• Joke– Q. “What do you give a hurt lemon?”
– A. “Lemon aid”
• Hands up if you think the joke writer– has some sense of humour?
– has a good sense of humour?
– is intelligent?
– has a mental age of 5?, 10?, 15?
– has probably been to too many lectures?
• Joke writer is a computer program: JAPE
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Joke Analysis and Production Engine (JAPE)• Author of JAPE: Kim Binsted• Ph.D. work in AI at Edinburgh (1996)• “an effort to combine her academic interest in artificial
intelligence (AI) with her personal interest in improvisational comedy.” Daily Telegraph 1996
• More recently: STANDUP“System to Augment Non-speakers' Dialogue Using Puns”
• “A computer system that generates simple word-play jokes could help disabled children develop better language skills, say UK researchers.” New Scientist 2006
• “Developed by Annalu Waller at Dundee University, UK, who has arranged for eight children with cerebral palsy to test the system.”
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• You are a caveman (or woman)
• I travel back in time and bring you a Pentium IV PC and show you some of the things it is capable of doing.
• Question : Would you, as a caveman, consider the computer to be intelligent?
• Hands up if you think the computer is intelligent?
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• We are still in the present day, but we are at the end of this lecture course.
• Just before I leave the final lecture, I peel away my face and reveal I am an android. As an android I have just delivered a 24 hour lecture course and answered all your questions.
• Question : Would you, as a computer science student, consider me to be intelligent?
• Hands up if you think I am intelligent?
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Course Introduction
• Course– Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
• Lecturer– Andrew Parkes
•http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/
•ajp ‘at’ cs.nott.ac.uk
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Course Introduction
• Web Page– http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ajp/courses/g51ia
i/– contains the self-study materials for this course
• EMAIL– ajp ‘at’ cs.nott.ac.uk
• Office Hours– Thurs 2-3
– or “by appointment” (email me)
• Second / Third Year Projects– ??
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Course Context
G51IAIIntroduction to AI
G5BAIMArtificial Intelligence
Methods
G5BAIP Artificial Intelligence
Programming
D53DIA Designing Intelligent Agents,G53ASD Automated Scheduling, …
Projects
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Who Can Attend? (This year)
• Introduction to AI– First/Second Year Option
• Artificial Intelligence Methods– Second/Third Year Option
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Course Introduction
• Lectures– 15 (ish)
• Lecture Times and Locations– Monday 14:00 (CTF-C33)
– Wednesday 10:00 (New Business School. A25)
• Assessment– 25% Coursework (CW1 5%, CW2 20%)
– 75% examination (2 hours)
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Aims of the Course
• Define what we mean by AI (or at least give us a working definition for this course)
• Know how to write “AI” programs that– Explore search spaces using both blind and heuristic
search techniques
– Implement Neural Networks (perceptron)
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Aims of the Course
• This is very much a practical course. Although we will touch upon the philosophical issues we will not dwell on this area of AI.
• This course is more concerned with writing useful AI programs than discussing if a computer is intelligent or not.
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Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
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Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a big field and this is a big book”
(Preface to AIMA)
2nd Edition (2003) has 1081 pages
You don’t need to learn them all
You don’t even need to read them all
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Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
Much of the material for this course is from this book. If you are going to buy a book, then get this one. “2nd edition 2003” is the one I use – though earlier editions are probably fine for
the material in this course.
BUT
It can be quite an advanced book - sometimes more like a reference book than a textbook – so you might want to first
consider “easier” books such as Cawsey
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Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (AIMA) (Russell/Norvig)
Relevant Chapters• Chap 1 : Introduction• Chap 3 : Solving Problems by Search• Chap 4.1 : Informed (Heuristic) Search Strategies• Sections 5.1 & 5.2 : Backtracking Search for CSPs• Chap 6 : Adversarial Search• Sections 11.1 & 11.2 : Planning• Section 20.5 : Neural Networks• Chap 26 : Philosophical Foundation(You do NOT need everything from each of these chapters!!)
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Useful Reading
• The Essence of Artificial Intelligence (Cawsey)– Good lightweight
introductory book
– A good starting point for the course would be to read Chapter 4 on search
– This book is at about the level of the course (in contrast, AIMA is generally more advanced than this course)
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Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence (Rich/Knight)– This used to be the “standard” AI text book but AIMA
is now taking its place – in my view
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Textbooks
• Artificial Intelligence (Winston)– As for Rich/Knight
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Textbooks
• Artificial intelligence : Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving (Luger/Stubblefield)
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Textbooks
• Computational Intelligence (Poole/Mackworth/Goebel)– As good as AIMA but came out later
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Useful Reading
• Seven Methods for Transforming Corporate Data into Business Intelligence (Dahr/Stein)
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Useful Reading
• Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games (Richard Bartle)
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Useful Reading
• Computer Gamesmanship (David Levy)
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Neural Networks
• The Essence of Neural Networks (Callan)
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Neural Networks
• Neural Network (Davalo)
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Neural Networks
• Fundamentals of Neural networks (Fausett)
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Course Structure
Three distinct themes with crucial topics• Search
– Tree Search : Breadth- and Depth-First Search– Graph Search
• Uninformed : Uniform Cost Search• Informed Search : A* Search
– State Space Search– Game Tree Search : minimax and alpha-beta
• History & Philosophy– Turing Test & Chinese Room
• Neural Nets: – Perceptrons & their limitations
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Approximate Time Line
History & Philosophy of AI
Neural Nets
CW 1 (5%)
CW 2 (20%)
Exam (75%)
Oct Nov Dec
Tree Search
GraphSearch
State SpaceSearch
Game Tree
Search
Part.Assign.Search
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Proposed Lecture Schedule
• See Web Site
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Coursework Schedule
• Coursework ONE (5%)– Is available now
– It does not involve programming
– Closing date is 1st November, • But with an automatic weeks extension!
• No further extensions
• Coursework TWO (20%)– Will be available before end of October
– It does involve programming
– Closing date is 30th November, • But with an automatic weeks extension!
• No further extensions
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Examinations
• Examination Rubric– Is likely to be something such as
• “You are expected to answer one of the two questions from section A and three of the five questions from section B.”
– but not yet finalised.
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Intro to AI: Quick Start to your Self Study
1. Have a look at the web materials – to make sure you can find and access them!
– get an overview of the course
– please report any problems
2. Find the textbooks in the library
3. Start (just start!) to read the search chapter of one of textbooks e.g.
– Cawser : Chap 4
– Winston : Chap 4
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Are these AI??
Application
Boids
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Course Introduction FinishedNow the hard work starts