Cellular Growth

Chapter 9 Lesson 1

p.244-247

Vocabulary

• Cell Cycle

• Interphase

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• Chromosome

• Chromatin

Outline

• Intro to Cell Cycle– Phases– Length

• Interphase– G1– S– G2

• Mitotic Phase– Mitosis

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase– Cytokinesis

• Results of Cell Division– Reproduction, Growth, Replacement, Repair

Why are cells so small?

• Most cells are less than 100µm (100x10^-6)

Ratio of surface area to volume

• Why is increased surface area so important to cells?– Transport

• More proteins

• Greater diffusion of substances• Increased reaction rates• Greater diffusion of waste material

– Cellular Communications• Signaling proteins

Cell diameter

Cell 1:0.00002m

Cell 2:0.001m

Cell 3:.025m

Cell 4:.030m

Cell 5:15m

Surface area

.0000000025m 0.000006m0.00375m .0054m

1350m

Volume

8.0 x 10^15 m 0.000000001m 0.000015625m0.000027m 3375m

Surface Area to Volume

Ratio

312500:1 6000:1 240:1 200:1 2:5

Cell diameter

Cell 1:0.00002m

Cell 2:0.001m

Cell 3:.025m

Cell 4:.030m

Cell 5:15m

Surface area

Volume

Surface Area to Volume

Ratio

G1: Gap 1; cell grows and performs normal functionsS: synthesis; DNA is

replicated

G1: Gap 1; cell grows and performs normal functions

Main Ideas

• All living organisms are composed of cells.

• Cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.

Cell Cycle 6 phases

• Interphase (G1, S, G2)

• Mitosis– Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase

– Telophase

• Cytokinesis

Mitotic Phase

Drawthe Complete

Cell Cycle

Introduction

• Most cells in an organism go through a cycle of growth, development, and division

• Goal: Grow, develop, replace old or damaged cells, produce new cells

Introduction

• Most cells in an organism go through a cycle of growth, development, and division

• Goal: Grow, develop, replace old or damaged cells, produce new cells

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Interphase

THE CELL:• grows to it’s mature size• makes a _____ of its DNA• prepares to _______ into two cells

Copy

Divide

G1

S

G2

Chromatin

Organelle Replication

• Some organelles have their own DNA– Chloroplast and mitochondria

– Make copies of themselves on their own

The Mitotic Phase

•2 Phases:–Mitosis and Cytokinesis

•Results:–2 daughter cells

Mitosis

• Prophase -

• Metaphase -

• Anaphase -

• Telophase -

Pro

Meta

Ana

Telo

The DNA condenses

Chromosome Structure

Cytokinesis