Greenhouse Gas Protocol ICT Sector Supplement OverviewTelecommunications Network Services Chapter Update

Gabrielle Ginér - BT

Tom Okrasinski – Bell Labs CTO

ICT sector supplement to support the GHG Protocol Product Standard

• Initiative under auspices of GHG protocol (WRI / WBCSD):– Carbon Trust serving as 3rd party facilitator

– GeSI formally represents ICT sector on Steering Committee

– Standards process conforms to GHG Protocol best practices

• Full stakeholder engagement process

• Interested parties to register on GHGP website: http://www.ghgprotocol.org/feature/new-initiative-announced-help-ict-industry-measure-carbon-footprint

Slide 2

Overview of governance structure

Steering Committee Founding companies, Carbon Trust, Advocacy Groups , Academia, NGOs

Technical Working Group(Practitioners)

• Companies• OEMs• Service Providers

• Consultancies• Academia

StakeholderAdvisory Group

(open to all)•Environmental advocacies•Industry analysts•Governments•ICT customers (corporates)•Developing Countries

subgroup subgroup subgroup

Slide 3

Focus of the ICT sector supplement

• Focus on implementation of the GHG Protocol – hence adheres to principles of GHG Protocol and its interpretation of ISO

• “Practitioners Guide”– written by practitioners for practitioners

– focus on how to assess GHG emissions of ICT products (goods & services)

– examples / case studies

– supporting data

• Reference and use of existing work and approaches for embodied carbon - PAIA, iNEMI

Slide 4

Overview of ICT sector supplement structure

Slide 5

ICT Sector Supplementto support

the GHG Protocol Product Standard

Introductionoverview

IntroductionGeneral GuidanceMethodology & Principles

Enablement chapters

Appendices

Hardware / ICT equipment Dematerial-

isation (incl. remote

collaboration)

Energy management

Transportation

E-commerce

Desktop managed

service

Telecoms network service

Cloud computing

service, data

centres and

software

Data ItemsData Tables

Proxy DataSecondary Data

References

Glossary

End user devices

Servers & network

equip

Ancillary & components

Infrastructure(building blocks)

chapters

Servicechapters

EXAMPLES:

Relationship with other standards

ISO 14040 & 14044

GHG ProtocolProduct Standard

ICT sector supplement

GHGP ICT sector supplement: covers goods and services, focus on assessment of greenhouse gases (no other environmental factors)ITU-T methodology: more high level, focused on different activities such as utilization of software, storage of goods and work processes. Does not divide into use phase, embodied emissions and operational activities.ETSI methodology: wider LCA - covers for example emissions to water and ground, water and land use. Doesn’t offer assessment/calculation approach

EC pilot project will test compatibility Slide 6

Timetable

Slide 7

22 August Email update to SAG

12 September Draft to Steering Committee

21 September SAG webinars

26 September Steering Committee comments on draft

26 - 30 September Subgroup to incorporate SC comments

1-20 October Another iteration with TWG and Steering Committee

4 October WRI and WBCSD issue Product Standard

20 October Issue to SAG

20 October to 12 December SAG to comment

October – January 2012 European Commission pilots

1/2 November Stakeholder F2F workshop in Jakarta

2 - 10 November SAG webinars for Europe, North America and Asia audiences

12 – 31 December Sub-group consideration and incorporation of SAG comments

January 2012 Sub-group discussions with TWG and Steering Group

Mid January 2012 SAG webinars

End of February 2012 Publication of document on GHG Protocol website

• Provides guidance for ICT stakeholders in calculating GHG emissions associated with telecom network services (TNS)

– Offers methodology approach and options to identify GHG reduction opportunities over the life cycle of a service

– Provides a means of understanding emissions sources and prioritizing them to then help in reducing them

– It is NOT a guide for product labeling or comparative assertion

• TNS comprises 3 core elements:– Customer domain– Service platform– Operational activities

• Guide covers:– Scope, boundary, functional unit– Methodologies, hierarchical approaches,

references for details– Generic topics covered in Intro / Overview

Telecom Network Services GuideObjectives

Life Cycle Stages for a Telecommunications Network Service

Slide 8

Telecommunications Network Services GuideGHG emissions elements

Telecommunications Network Service (TNS)Elements in GHG Emissions Assessment

Customer Domain Service Platform Operational Activities

In-use GHG emissions associated with ICT end-user / customer premises equipment

eca

db f

In-use GHG emissions associated with ICT network and service platform supporting / connecting (but not in) customer domain

In-use GHG emissions associated with labor and non-ICT infrastructure supporting Customer Domain and Service Platform equipment

Embodied GHG emissions associated with Customer Domain equipment / infrastructure

Embodied GHG emissions associated with Service Platform equipment / infrastructure

Embodied GHG emissions associated with Operational / non-ICT capital infrastructure

Slide 9

• Equipment / network use• Repairs / maintenance

• Equipment / network use• Repairs / maintenance

“Use” Includes:“Use” Includes:

• Raw materials acquisition & pre-processing

• Production• Product distribution / retail• Installation• End-of-life treatment

• Raw materials acquisition & pre-processing

• Production• Product distribution / retail• Installation• End-of-life treatment

“Embodied” Includes:“Embodied” Includes:

Telecommunications Network Services GuideGHG Emissions Elements – Customer Domain

Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Customer Domain

(Listed in decreasing order of accuracy)

TNS Element

Use “a” Embodied “b”

Customer domain

1. Detailed use phase measurement: directly measure power consumption of the ICT equipment through physical power monitoring under specific operating conditions and usage profile.

2. Use estimation: estimate typical

energy consumption of ICT equipment based on categorical equipment type, anticipated usage profile, and relevant country/region location of usage.

3. LCA phase ratio modeling: use-

phase GHG emissions can be modeled as a percentage of the total life cycle GHG emissions, accounting for the equipment type, usage profile and country/region of usage.

ICT Equipment: *1.Detailed LCA: use data from detailed

LCA to determine the ICT equipment’s GHG emissions.

2.Embodied estimation: estimated GHG assessment from techniques such as: Components – estimation

techniques based on categorical component similarities (e.g. iNEMI ICT LCA estimation)

Equipment – estimation techniques based on ICT equipment type parametization (e.g. PAIA laptop parametization)

3.LCA phase ratio modeling: embodied GHG emissions can modeled as a percentage of the total life cycle GHG emissions.

* ICT Supporting Infrastructure treated separately

Slide 10

Telecommunications Network Services GuideGHG emissions elements – Service Platform

Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Service Platform

(Listed in decreasing order of accuracy)

TNS Element

Use “c” Embodied “d”

Service platform 1. Bottom-up model: total service platform energy consumption can be calculated “bottom-up” from an inventory of equipment.

2. Coarse/fine-grain models: a combination of data requirements and energy modeling parameters to yield a certain level of information for the use phase.

3. Top-down model: apportionment of energy to individual telecom services calculated with ratio of capacity used by customer or service and mean traffic being carried by the network.

1. Follow approaches as per Customer Domain – Embodied phase

2. Screening estimation: where significance is low, use existing LCA studies as proxies.

Slide 11

Telecommunications Network Services GuideGHG Emissions Elements – Operational Activities

Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Operational Activities

(Listed in decreasing order of accuracy)

TNS Element Use “e” Embodied “f”Operational activities and non-ICT infrastructure

1. Primary Data Assessment - assess GHG emissions from resources (people and equipment) involved in delivering the TNS service, their specific work assignments, and their time allocations.

2. Secondary Data Assessment - assess GHG emissions from resources involved in delivering the TNS service by using costs and conversion factors from economic input / output tables and apportionment factors based on the type and extent of operational activities.

1. Primary Data Assessment – use primary data from a detailed life cycle assessment (typically carried out by the owner / maintainer of the operational / non-ICT infrastructure).

2. Screening estimation – from a practical standpoint, these activities in the embodied phase may be represented as either a simplified percentage of the total LCA emissions, e.g. 1%, or it may be excluded due to the relatively small impact (less than 1%).

Slide 12

Telecommunications Network Services GuideGHG emissions elements – Customer domain ratio approach

Example: a small chassis router has typical active power consumption of 100 W at 24x7 utilization, and a life expectancy of 7 years

Step 1: calculate the router’s use-phase GHG emissions: 

Euse = 100 W x 8760 hrs/yr x 7 yrs x 1 kwh/1000 Wh x 0.537 kg CO2e/kwh* 

Euse = 3293 kg CO2e *GHG conversion factor for appropriate region of use

 Step 2: estimate the router’s embodied-phase GHG emissions using historical LCA data showing the LCA ratio for use / embodied emissions for different equipment types (see table) 

Eemb : Euse = 20% : 80% = 3293 kg CO2e x (20% / 80%) = 823 kg CO2e

Eemb = 823 kg CO2eEquipment Category Use / Embodied

PhaseLCA Ratio (Cu and

Ce)

Wireless Access Point

75% / 25%

Router, small chassis 80% / 20%

Telepresence system

85% / 15%

Example Data

Example Data

Slide 13

Customer Domain: Use / Embodied Ratio Modeling Approach - Example

Note: full life cycle GHG emissions can also be estimated as: Euse + Eemb = 4116 kg CO2eNote: full life cycle GHG emissions can also be estimated as: Euse + Eemb = 4116 kg CO2e

Telecom Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Service Platform Use Phase: Modeling approach

Point-to-Point

Tree / Star

Mesh

Top-down

Coarse-

grain

Fine-grain

Bottom-up

Model Types

Network Types

Slide 14

Telecom Network Services GuideModeling Needs

Parameters Top-Down

Coarse Fine Bottom- Up

Overall network power √ √ √ √

Total mean network traffic √ √ √ √

Mean network traffic (“nth” service) √ √ √ √

Ingoing traffic (“nth” service) √

Outgoing traffic (“nth” service)

Number of devices √ √

Subset of number of hop counts √

Weighting for traffic thru “h“ hops √

Weighting for “nth” service thru “h” hops √

Network architecture

Class of equipment /equipment category √ √

Total number of equipment categories √ √

Mean traffic for “nth” service thru each equipment category

√ √

Total mean traffic for each equipment category √ √

Mean power/footprint for “kth” equipment category

√ √

Power/footprint for “ith” device √

Total mean traffic for “ith” service thru “ith” device

√

Total mean traffic for “ith” device √

Increasing Precision / Data Needs

Slide 15

Network /Service based

Hops based

Equipmentbased

Device based

Increasing Com

plexity

Thank you