gaining the momentum: open repositories in transitional countries

1. Gaining the Momentum: Open Repositories in Transitional Countries Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access Program Manager, eIFL.net Presented at Sofia 2008 conference, November 13, 2008

2. From John Wilbanks, Science Commons, (Data integration, text mining, and the culture of control)

3. Digitage Web 2.0 Uploaded by ocean.flynn , http://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanflynn/315385916/

5. On the Road Manuscript Uploaded by Thomas Hawk http :// www . flickr . com / photos / thomashawk /93819794/

6. Why Open Access

In this world libraries are no more just reading rooms and collections of books on the shelves

From importers of knowledge they turn into exporters of knowledge

Libraries as publishers and educators

7. Mission of eIFL.net

eIFL.net stands for Electronic Information for Libraries

Enabling access to knowledge through libraries in developing and transition countries

Access to information is essential in education and research and has a direct impact on the development of societies

8. 4200 libraries in 48 countries

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,

Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria,

Cambodia, Cameroon, China, Croatia,

Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia,

Georgia, Ghana,

Jordan,

Kenya, Kosova, Kyrgyzstan,

Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania,

Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique,

Nepal, Nigeria,

Palestine, Poland,

Russia,

Senegal, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria,

Tajikistan,

Ukraine, Uzbekistan,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

9. eIFL.net programs

Open access publishing and the building of open repositories of local content

Advocacy for access to knowledge: copyright and libraries

Promoting free and open source software for libraries

1+1=More and better. The benefits of library consortia

Promoting a culture of cooperation: knowledge and information sharing

Advocating for affordable and fair access to commercially produced scholarly resources

10. eIFL Open Access

After three years, the eIFL Open Access Program has emerged as the leading organization promoting and advocating for Open Access in developing and transition countries

For the developing world, Open Access will increase scientists and academics capacity to both access and contribute to the global research community


eIFL-OA seeks to enhance access to research , thereby accelerating innovation and economic development in the countries

eIFL-OA Program

builds networks of Open repositories and Open Access journals ;

provides training and advice on Open Access policies and practices ;

empowers library professionals, scientists and scholars, educators and students to become open access advocates


Policy level Open Access mandates at the national, regional, institutional levels

Awareness raising promoting benefits of Open Access

Level of implementation open repositories and Open Access journals

14. Open Access in numbers

OAIster currently provides access to 18,370,955 records from 1034 contributors.

3 742 journal titles (about 15% of all scientific journals published) in DOAJ, 2.2 new journals per day

About 20% of all current research literature is available in Open Access

16. Open repositories

A digital repository is defined as

1. containing research output

2. institutional or thematic and

3. OAI compliant ( http://www. openarchives .org/OAI/ openarchivesprotocol .html )

(From The European Repository Landscape Inventory Study into the Present Type and Level of OAI-Compliant Digital Repository Activities in the EU by Maurits van der Graaf and Kwame van Eijndhoven

18. ~66% of publishers, 90 - 95% of journals allow self-archiving

21. Content

Peer-reviewed articles

Conference presentations

Books

Course packs

Annotated images

Audio and video clips

Research data

22. Content

Gray literature :

Preprints / working materials / theses and dissertations / reports / conference materials / bulletins / grant applications / reports to the donors / memorandums / statistical reports / technical documentation / questionnaires

23. Moldova

24. Lithuania

25. Lithuania

the Lithuanian ETD Project as a Pilot for Baltic States designed in the framework of a UNESCO programme, prepared by Kaunas University of Technologies and the Lithuanian Network of Academic Libraries (LABT) in 2004.

14 Lithuanian universities and Riga Technical University participated in the ETD Information System project.

The ETD project was supported by the academic communities and the Ministry of Science and Education, and included in the national programs.

The Lithuanian ETD Information System ( http:// etd . elaba . lt / ) includes 6 150 full-text dissertations, of which 2 386 (38%) are Open Access, others are accessible in the local intranets. It is planned that at the end of year 2008, ETD IS will cover 7 600 dissertations, and 50% of these should be Open Access.

27. Theses and dissertations

John Hagen, West Virginia University :

Moving from print to electronic usage growth 145%

The most popular theses and dissertations were downloaded 37,501 times (history ) and 33,752 times (engineering); history one was published and was a long seller

69% of students from the creative writing department had more successful careers if they went OA with their dissertations a good marketing tool for them

28. Bulgaria

29. Estonia

31. Russia

32. Slovenia

37. Costs

The costs and benefits of our Institutional Repository:

Running costs: the server costs us R50 000 ($6250) once every three years

Running costs: handle license and Red Hat Enterprise Server Licence $100 per year

Salaries prove to be a high running cost: 1 full-time IR librarian, 1 full-time IR library assistant, 2 full-time librarians working on IR together with other duties, 1 part-time librarian working on IR together with other duties

South Africa

Ukraine 10,000 USD

38. Benefits

Value of benefits: at this stage the IR does not generate extra income or save administration costs it actually generates more work and more administration costs. Functions such as metadata editors, content submitters, collection administrators demand extra work from staff

The function of the IR is not to have monetary benefits, but to showcase research done at an institution, provide open access to research, prestige for the academics, institutional visibility as well as immediate access to research

The IR also provides long-term preservation benefits

South Africa

39. National Policy - Ukraine

Since January 2007 Ukraine has a law - proposed mandate for open access to publicly funded research.

The Law of Ukraine On the principles of developing information society in Ukraine for 2007-20015 at www. rada . gov . ua

42. National Policy - China

Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (CHINA)

http://www.most. gov . cn /eng/

http://www. codataweb .org/06conf/

Mandate to deposit research data (not yet applicable to research articles themselves)

43. National Policy - China

Hong Kong Universities proposed Open Access policy for publicly funded research

44. National Policy - Lithuania

Discussing Open Access to publicly funded research as a national law

Director of SPAR Europe travelled to Vilnius in early May to meet with the decision makers in Lithuania to help them move further with adoption of a draft law

Ministry of Education organised a national Open Access awareness raising seminar during International Open Access Day

45. Russia

Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (institutional-mandate)

http://www. cemi . rssi . ru /

http:// socionet . ru /index-en.html

http:// cemi . socionet . ru /

All researchers of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences are mandated by director's decree to immediately deposit their papers/articles in the institutional Open Archive. ["...mandate researchers of CEMI RAS to deposit all completed research (in working paper form), including the full text, in institutional OA (repository) not later than 6 months after completion."] http://www. cemi . rssi . ru / rus /news/ initiat -eng. htm

46. Russia - e-Science

CRIS

research e- infrastructure - http :// socionet . ru /

e-Science

e- Science is based on the Open Access to research results (financed from the public money) Sergey Parinov

48. Repository efficiency

Shared technical infrastructure and distributed management team

National/Regional projects

49. Repository standards

DRIVER Guidelines metadata formats and other technical requirement

DRIVER validator

eIFL Partnership with DRIVER developing strong national infrastructures

55. Open Access Impact

The advantages of Open Access are shown in the figures, especially when it comes to increased citation rates :

For 72% of papers published in the Astrophysical Journal, free versions of the paper are available (mainly through ArXiv). These 72% of papers are, on average, cited more than twice as often as the remaining 28% that do not have free versions. [1]

In Chinese scientific journals citation indicators of Open Access journals were found to be higher than those of non-Open Access journals. [2] [1] Schwarz, G. and Kennicutt Jr., R. C. (2004): Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal Papers and Preprints (pdf 14pp), arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0411275, 10 November 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 36, 1654-1663

[2] Cheng, W. H. and Ren, S. L. (2008): Evolution of open access publishing in Chinese scientific journals, Learned Publishing, Vol. 21, No. 2, April 2008, 140-152


literature mining is good

data integration is better

open access access to full text is needed

Lars Juhl Jensen, Integration of biomedical literature and databases, Presented at the Fourth Nordic Conference on Scholarly Communication NCSC 2008: Openness - trade, tools and transparency, 21-23 April 2008, Scandic Star Hotel, Glimmervgen 5, Lund, Sweden: http://www. lub . lu .se/ fileadmin /user_upload/ pdf /NCSC/ncsc2008_ lars _ juhl _ jensen . pdf


John Houghton, Colin Steele and Peter Sheehan in their report to the Department of Education, Science and Training Research Communication Costs in Australia: Emerging Opportunities and Benefits mentioned the most important potential benefit of Open Access enhanced access to, and greater use of, research findings , which would, in turn, increase the efficiency of R&D as it builds upon previous research.


Among other benefits:

Speed of access speeding up the research and discovery process, increasing returns to investment in R&D and, potentially, reducing the time/cost involved for a given outcome, and increasing the rate of accumulation of the stock of knowledge;

Improved access leading to less duplicative research , saving duplicative R&D expenditure and improving the efficiency of R&D;

John Houghton, Colin Steele and Peter Sheehan, Report to the Department of Education, Science and Training Research Communication Costs in Australia: Emerging Opportunities and Benefits http://www. dest . gov .au/NR/ rdonlyres /0ACB271F-EA7D-4FAF-B3F7-0381F441B175/13935/DEST_Research_Communications_Cost_Report_Sept2006. pdf


Faster access leading to better informed research , reducing, saving R&D expenditure and improving the efficiency of R&D;

Wider access providing enhanced opportunities for multi-disciplinary research , inter-institutional and inter-sectoral collaborations ;

John Houghton, Colin Steele and Peter Sheehan, Report to the Department of Education, Science and Training Research Communication Costs in Australia: Emerging Opportunities and Benefits http://www. dest . gov .au/NR/ rdonlyres /0ACB271F-EA7D-4FAF-B3F7-0381F441B175/13935/DEST_Research_Communications_Cost_Report_Sept2006. pdf


Wider access enabling researchers to study their context more broadly , potentially leading to increased opportunities for , and rates of, application/commercialization ;

Improved access leading to improved education outcomes , enabling a given education spend to produce a higher level of educational attainment (at least at the post secondary level), leading to an improvement in the quality of the stock of researchers and research users .

John Houghton, Colin Steele and Peter Sheehan, Report to the Department of Education, Science and Training Research Communication Costs in Australia: Emerging Opportunities and Benefits. http://www. dest . gov .au/NR/ rdonlyres /0ACB271F-EA7D-4FAF-B3F7-0381F441B175/13935/DEST_Research_Communications_Cost_Report_Sept2006. pdf

62. Open Access Policy

Funders of research are increasingly beginning to mandate Open Access to the research they support

According to the Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies there are 57 Open Access mandates

Major research funders

the U.S. National Institutes of Health, implemented a policy requiring that its grant recipients make articles resulting from NIH funding publicly available within 12 months of publication in a peer-reviewed journal

65. Open Access

While Open Access was only defined six years ago

it is now being debated by governments and publishers

and mandated by funding bodies and universities throughout the world

Much still remains to be achieved, but it is clear that Open Access has permanently changed the field of scholarly communication

66. Thank you ! Questions ? Iryna Kuchma eIFL Open Access program manager iryna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www.eifl.net The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

gaining the momentum: open repositories in transitional countries

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