Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus

AKA: Augustus

During Caesar’s Life He had no legitimate children of his

own He saw promise in his great-nephew

Gaius Octavius By the age of 15 he started to groom

the boy for leadership The boy had delicate health

• Suffered sun stroke while presiding over games

• Was too ill to go to Spain with Caesar

Caesar is Killed Octavius is sent to Greece to get an

education and learn how to run an army

Caesar is killed, 43 BC. No heir had yet been named Who would take over?

Octavian’s Dilemma Caesar never announced Octavian as

heir Caesar’s assassins were praised Antony is powerful and in Rome Caesar’s troops are willing to march

to Rome with Octavian as their leader

What does Octavian do?

Octavian’s Decision Octavian decides to return to Rome

without the army Cicero takes a liking to Octavian

• He feels that Octavian could possibly overpower Antony

• Cicero thinks that Octavian is young, smart and willing to learn. He could make a good leader.

Legions rally behind Octavian and fight Antony

Both consuls lead the army and both die

Octavian in Command With the consuls dead Octavian is in

sole command of the army This gives Octavian enough power to

bargain with Antony Octavian, Antony and Lepidus form

the second triumvirate They draw up a list of who must die.

• Cicero

Augustus as imperator-Villa of Livia-100 ad

Augustus as pontifex maximus- 12 BC- Rome

The Second Triumverate Augustus, Antony and Lepidus The relationship between Antony and

Augustus becomes strained Augustus marries his sister Octavia to

Antony • They have two children

Antony gets bored, moves to Egypt and marries Cleopatra while still married to Octavia. • Pg. 71

Hatred of Antony Roman people start to hate Antony

• People like Octavia who is a dutiful wife to her husband

• Antony is married to Egyptian queen • His campaign in the East stalls

War looms but for ten years but Antony and Augustus are peaceful.

Augustus He rebuilds Rome Stops raiding by pirates Stops attacks from tribes outside of

Rome Caesars veterans are given their

promised land The prestige of the ruling class is

restored The great Roman poet Vergil writes

the Georgics

Antony and Cleopatra They have a vast and rich kingdom They are above the people Wealth and luxury

Battle of Actium 31 B.C.

The Ara Pacis9 B.C.

The Procession

Agrippa

Citation Coolidge, Olivia E. Lives of Famous

Romans. United States of America: Home School Publishing, 2007. Print.

Kleiner, Fred S. A History of Roman Art. Victoria: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2007. Print.