Galactic Address, Galaxies, and Stars

There’s no place like home…

• www.Googlemaps.com

• Powers of Ten video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEuEx1jnt0M

• What is your galactic address?

Galactic Address

• Name• Room 226• Cinnaminson Middle

School• Cinnaminson• Burlington County• New Jersey• United States of

America

• North America• Northern

Hemisphere• Earth• Solar System• Milky Way Galaxy• Local Group• Virgo Supercluster• Universe

Galaxies

• A large group of stars (million+), gas, and dust held together by gravity.

4 shapes of galaxies

• Spiral-normal

• Spiral-barred

• Elliptical

• Irregular

Spiral - Normal

Spiral - Barred

Elliptical

Irregular

The Milky Way

What happens when galaxies collide?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOLJXNM4C8k&feature=relatedPower of Ten – Again!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMLPJqeW78Q

Stars

What is a star?

What is a star?

• A star is an object in space that produces its own light and heat through nuclear reactions.

Size of Stars• Stars can be as small as Earth or as large

as the orbit of Jupiter. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q

Surface Features

Surface Features

• Sunspots - cooler, darker areas.

Surface Features

• Flares – erupting columns of gas caused by sunspots.

Surface Features

• Prominences - arching columns of gas

Prominences

Not the actual location of Earth

Surface Features

• Coronal Mass Ejections (CME’s) – electrically charged particles sent towards Earth.

CME’s

• Can disrupt radio, satellite, and phone use.

• Also causes auroras to occur.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0304/02.html

http://spaceweather.com/swpod2011/22sep11/media.mp4

CME’s

• Earth’s magnetic field helps protect us from the CME’s.

http://missionscience.nasa.gov/sun/sunVideo_04magnetosphere.html

Constellations

What is this constellation?

Cassiopeia

Constellations

• Constellations are patterns of stars in the sky.

• Stars are organized into 88 constellations.

Constellations

• Constellations can help identify directions in the sky and time of year.

Constellations

• Constellations also may tell a story.

Star Classification

Observe a candle flame

• What colors do you notice?

• Why are there different colors?

• How does a candle look up close? Far away?

Classification

• Stars are organized by temperature and brightness.

Temperature

• Hot stars are blue-white

• Cool stars are red-yellow

H-R Diagram

• H-R Diagram - a chart used to classify stars based on temperature and absolute magnitude (brightness).

temperature

brig

htne

ss

hot cool

dim

bright