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Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned George V. Coyne, S.J. Vatican Observatory

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Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned. George V. Coyne, S.J. Vatican Observatory. Historical Precedents to Galileo’s Times. 384 -321 BC: Aristotle’s Natural Philosophy, physics not just mathematics 130 AD: Ptolemy’s Almagest, pure math, fictitious mathematical spheres - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

George V. Coyne, S.J.Vatican Observatory

Page 2: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Historical Precedents to Galileo’s Times

• 384 -321 BC: Aristotle’s Natural Philosophy, physics not just mathematics

• 130 AD: Ptolemy’s Almagest, pure math, fictitious mathematical spheres

• 1519: Martin Luther’s break with Rome• 1543: Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus• 1546: 4th Session of the Council of Trent

Page 3: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Main Issues Lurking• Copernicanism (heliocentrism)

apparently threatened Aristotle’s Natural Philosophy and Holy Scripture

• Meaning of Hypothesis– Pure mathematical expedient, Pythagorean

tradition– Physics, best scientific explanation, modeling

Page 4: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Galileo’s Telescopic Observations:Sidereus Nuncius (1610)

• First new data in ~ 2000 years• Challenge to Aristotle & Ptolemy: Moon’s

surface, sunspots, Jupiter’s moons, phases of Venus

• What about Scripture? “The Scriptures teach us how to go to heaven and not how the heavens go.”

Page 5: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

1616: JUDGMENT OF THE HOLY OFFICE

• Sun-centered universe is absurd in philosophy and formally heretical since it contradicts Holy Scripture.

• That the earth moves about the sun is absurd in philosophy and at least erroneous in faith

Page 6: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Who judged?

• The Holy Office, Cardinals

• The Consultors of the Holy Office, Theologians

Page 7: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

PRESENT THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERS

Page 8: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned
Page 9: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned
Page 10: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned
Page 11: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned
Page 12: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned
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Page 14: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

THE FUTURE ?• Who can tell?• But there are indications:–Authority–Religious fundamentalism–Scientism

Page 15: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

The Church and Galileo: Then and Now and ?

• Urban VIII (1633): Galileo gave scandal to the whole Christian world• John Paul II (1979): Galileo suffered

much at the hands of the Church• John Paul II (1992): From the Galileo

case one can draw a lesson . . .

Page 16: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

THE FUTURE• Authority in the Church and

authority in Science• Public opinion and the community

of scholars• Evolution and Intelligent Design:

What would Galileo say today?• Chance or necessity? God?

Page 17: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

The great British intellectual and Roman Catholic Cardinal, John Henry Newman, stated in 1868: “The theory of Darwin, true or not, is not necessarily atheistic; on the contrary, it may simply be suggesting a larger idea of Divine Providence and Skill.”

Page 18: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned

• Science and religion are independent areas of human culture; best serve that culture when they dialogue in mutual respect

• Church must listen to and dialogue with the sciences

• The limitations of science• There is no science in Scripture• Faith and reason: conflict?

Page 19: Galileo and the Church: Lessons Learned

Retreat


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