game development pipeline

Ideation: After Naughty Dog finished Uncharted 2, a second team began work on a new IP, they decided early on to make a postapocalyptic game based around two characters, they contemplated what genre was best, thirdperson adventure, firstperson shooter, etc. While many elements of the game changed throughout the concept of the game, the one main part that remained the same was the concept of the two characters; Joel and Ellie. Their names, age, gender, appearance, and so on, where not set in stone immediately, however. Naughty Dog had decided from the beginning that they wanted the player to empathise with the characters’ emotions and feelings. While they had decided from the beginning to have a game set in a postapocalyptic world, the “infected” where not part of the game to begin with, Naughty Dog didn’t want to go for the cliché type zombie world, so after receiving inspiration from watching a documentary called Planet Earth, they came up with the concept of the funguslike infection, it was also die to a documentary on what would happen if the Earth was not tended to for 20+ years they came up with the general overgrown look for the game world. Preproduction The preproduction stage for the last of us, was filled with the research behind the story as well as the concept art and the casting. The basic idea behind the last of us is to have an infection cause the collapse of civilisation and the game is played at this post apocalyptic point. When researching the infection the team watched the BBC documentary, planet earth. In one of the episodes of planet earth there was the a fungus which infects ants forces them to climb a tree and bite into it at which point the fungus sprouts out if the ants head and releases more spores, the idea was to transfer this fungus so it infects humans. They also researched into what the world would be like without us, using the factual “world without us” book that describes what would happen to cities without us and how nature eventually takes over. All of this research was used in the concept art of the infected and the locations. The infected had to show the fungus is an obvious way at some stage of infection; they tried many different versions but eventually went with placing fungus photos on a person and refining it to look as one piece. The fungus had to show some form of natural beauty in this case the vibrant luminous quality it has, as did

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1. Ideation: AfterNaughtyDogfinishedUncharted2,asecondteambeganwork onanewIP,theydecidedearlyontomakeapost-apocalypticgame basedaroundtwocharacters,theycontemplatedwhatgenrewas best,third-personadventure,first-personshooter,etc.Whilemany elementsofthegamechangedthroughouttheconceptofthegame, theonemainpartthatremainedthesamewastheconceptofthetwo characters;JoelandEllie.Theirnames,age,gender,appearance,and soon,wherenotsetinstoneimmediately,however.NaughtyDog haddecidedfromthebeginningthattheywantedtheplayerto empathisewiththecharactersemotionsandfeelings. Whiletheyhaddecidedfromthebeginningtohaveagamesetina post-apocalypticworld,theinfectedwherenotpartofthegameto beginwith,NaughtyDogdidntwanttogofortheclichtypezombie world,soafterreceivinginspirationfromwatchingadocumentary calledPlanetEarth,theycameupwiththeconceptofthefungus-like infection,itwasalsodietoadocumentaryonwhatwouldhappenif theEarthwasnottendedtofor20+yearstheycameupwiththe generalover-grownlookforthegameworld. Pre-production Thepre-productionstageforthelastofus,wasfilledwiththeresearchbehind thestoryaswellastheconceptartandthecasting.Thebasicideabehindthelast ofusistohaveaninfectioncausethecollapseofcivilisationandthegameis playedatthispostapocalypticpoint.Whenresearchingtheinfectiontheteam watchedtheBBCdocumentary,planetearth.Inoneoftheepisodesofplanet earththerewastheafunguswhichinfectsantsforcesthemtoclimbatreeand biteintoitatwhichpointthefungussproutsoutiftheantsheadandreleases morespores,theideawastotransferthisfungussoitinfectshumans.Theyalso researchedintowhattheworldwouldbelikewithoutus,usingthefactual worldwithoutusbookthatdescribeswhatwouldhappentocitieswithoutus andhownatureeventuallytakesover.All ofthisresearchwasusedintheconcept artoftheinfectedandthelocations.The infectedhadtoshowthefungusisan obviouswayatsomestageofinfection; theytriedmanydifferentversionsbut eventuallywentwithplacingfungus photosonapersonandrefiningittolook asonepiece.Thefungushadtoshow someformofnaturalbeautyinthiscase thevibrantluminousqualityithas,asdid

2. thecitiesdesigned,thedestructionhadtobematchedwithsomebeautiful aspectsproducedbynature. Oneofthemostimportantpartsforthepre-productionofthelastofuswas casting.Thecasthadtobeperfect,asthegamehasapowerfulstorylinewhich neededtheaudiencetoconnecttoandfeelemotionalwith,thewaythatis achievedisbyhaveactorsperformthevoices,andthegraphicsshowtheirface andbodyemanateemotion.Theactress(AshleyJohnson)whoisthevoice behindElliewasoneofthefirstfewwhoauditioned;herperformanceblewthe creativedirectorsaway.OncetheyhadEllietheyneededtofindthevoiceforJoel (TroyBaker)theothermain character,Ashleywasheavily involvedinfindingJoelasboth charactersneededtohavea specialbondwhichwasfeltand sharedbytheplayers.The castingauditionsweredone,by actingoutscenesfromthe storylinebydoingthisAshley andTroywereabletoshowthe connectionthattheycouldbring betweentheircharacters. Production: Motioncapturewasusedtocreatethemovementofthecharactersin thegameplay.Naughty Dogusedthemo-cap forbodymovementand theanimatorsseparately changedfacial expressionsusing footageoftheactors facesasareference. Post-Production: GustavoSantaolalla,adoubleOscarwinner,wasbroughtinto composethesoundtrackforTheLastofUs,Santaolallasaidheliketo startworkonthemusicearlyoninprojects,sohestartedworkon 3. thegamesscorewhilstthegamewasbeingwritten.NaughtyDog statedtheyweregoingforemotionoverhorror. Fortheinfected,voiceactorswerehiredtomakeodd,human-like soundsandscreechesfortheinfected,theydecidednottouseany animalsoundsanddidntwantheinfectedtosoundwitch-likeor likenormalzombiesatall. Postmortem: Duringthecrunchpartofproductionjustbeforethegamewas completelyfinished,itwasdescribedascleaningaroomtheday beforeaguestcomestostay,andthattheyregiving150%tofinish thegame.Theyreadding,andchangingstuffrightupuntilthegame ships.

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