game plan lecture binary fission growth curves physical requirements for growth chemical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Game plan
Lecture
Binary fission Growth curvesPhysical requirements for growthChemical requirements for growth
Bring books and APO-3 next class
Lab
Review growth curve and determine direct and indirect generation times
Temp, pH, and O2
PrelabsGrowth control: temp and UV
![Page 2: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapters 6 :Microbial growth and clinical implications
EukaryotesMitosisBudding (yeast)Spores (fungi)Filament fragmentation (fungi)
ProkaryotesBinary fissionFilament fragmentation
Generation time: time it takesfor population of cells to double in number
![Page 3: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Standard growth curve
1. Lag phase- Metabolically active- No change in cell #
2. Log phase- Exponential growth- Chemostat
3. Stationary phase- Death rate= growth
rate
4. Death/decline phase- Death rate > growth
rate
![Page 4: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Exponential growth
Figure 6.12 - Overview
![Page 5: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Standard growth curve
1. Lag phase- Metabolically active- No change in cell #
2. Log phase- Exponential growth- Chemostats
3. Stationary phase- Death rate= growth
rate
4. Death/decline phase- Death rate > growth
rate
![Page 6: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sporulation
![Page 7: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Physical requirements for growth:temperature
Figure 6.1
![Page 8: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 6.2
Clinical implications:Refrigeration prevents food poisoning
![Page 9: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Physical requirements for growth:pH
-Lactobacillus -Propionibacterium acnes-Ferroplasma
-Cyanobacteria-Vibrio cholerae
![Page 10: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure 6.4 - Overview
Physical requirements for growth:osmotic pressure
![Page 11: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Physical requirements for growth:osmotic pressure
![Page 12: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemical requirements for growth
Chemical Used for… Primary source
Alternative sources
Carbon
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Trace elements
Organic growth factors
![Page 13: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nitrogen fixation
Rhizobium in symbiosis
AzotobacterKlebsiella
some Clostridium
Leguminous root nodules TEM of rhizobia in root nodule cell
![Page 14: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
With a little oxygen toxicity…
Superoxide free radical (O2-)
Oxygen
Hydrogen peroxide contains peroxide anion (O2-2)
![Page 15: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Oxygen requirements of bacteria
Obligate aerobes
Facultative
anaerobes
Obligate anaerobes
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Microaerophiles
What type of metabolism?What oxygen-detoxification enzymes are present?
![Page 16: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Independent Study
1. Determine enzyme content and metabolism of obligate aerobes, obligateanaerobes, facultative anaerobes, and aerotolerant anaerobes.
Using this information, propose a hypothetical evolutionary sequence for theseorganisms, assuming that early earth had no oxygen in it’s atmosphere. Be able to
explain your choice using enzyme content/metabolism.
2. Look at preferred uses and mechanism of action for physical, chemical and antibiotic methods of microbial growth control (Tables 7.5, 7.7, and 7.8).
You will use this information next time for APO-3.
![Page 17: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Game plan
Lecture
Clinical applications: mediaMicrobial isolation and measurement
APO-3: Growth control
Lab
Review temp, pH and O2
Growth control: temp and UV
Pre-labsGrowth control: antiseptics and antibiotics
![Page 18: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Clinical implications of growth:media
Defined medium Defined medium for a fastidious organism
![Page 19: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Defined Complex
Clinical implications of growth:media
![Page 20: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
SelectiveSabouraud’s dextrose agar
Fungal infections from AIDS
Clinical implications of growth:culture media
![Page 21: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SelectiveSabouraud’s dextrose agar
DifferentialBlood agar
- hemolytic S. aureus
Clinical implications of growth:culture media
![Page 22: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
SelectiveSabouraud’s dextrose
DifferentialBlood agar
Selective/ differentialEosin methylene blue (EMB)
Image courtesy of BD Medical
EMB
Clinical implications of growth:culture media
E. coli
![Page 23: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SelectiveSabouraud’s dextrose
DifferentialBlood agar
Selective/ differentialEosin methylene blue (EMB)Mannitol salt agar (MSA)
MSA with multipleStaphylococcus sp.
Clinical implications of growth:culture media
![Page 24: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SelectiveSabouraud’s dextrose
DifferentialBlood agar
Selective/ differentialEosin methylene blue (EMB)Mannitol salt agar (MSA)MacConkey’s agar
MacConkey agar with E. coliand S. marcesens
Clinical implications of growth:culture media
![Page 25: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SelectiveSabouraud’s dextrose
DifferentialBlood agar (BA)
Selective/ differentialEosin methylene blue (EMB)Mannitol salt agar (MSA)MacConkey’s agar
Enrichment mediaGram-negative brothHeat shock mediaChocolate agar…
Clinical implications of growth:culture media
![Page 26: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Clinical implications of growth:
anaerobic culture conditions
Anaerobic jar Anaerobic chamberFigure 6.5
![Page 27: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Corresponding tube no. above
1 2 3 4
Oxygen relationship designation
OBLIGATEAEROBE
FACULTATIVEANAEROBE
AEROTOLERANT
ANAEROBE
OBLIGATEANAEROB
E
Aerobic respiration* + + – –
Fermentation* – + + +
Ability to grow aerobically(oxygen tolerance)
+ + + –
Ability to grow anaerobically
– + + +
Catalase reaction + + – –
Clinical implications of growth:anaerobic thioglycollate medium
![Page 28: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Clinical implications of growth:anaerobes
http://www.humanillnesses.com/images/hdc_0001_0001_0_img0044.jpg
Clostridium perfringens- obligate anaerobe that causes gas gangrene
![Page 29: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Candle extinction jar
Figure 6.7 - Overview
Clinical implications of growth:CO2-loving capnophiles
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
![Page 30: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Clinical implications of growth:HardyChrom UTI differential
medium
E. coli Enterococcus faecalis
Klebsiella pneuomonia
e
Proteus mirabilis
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
![Page 31: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Microbe isolation and measurement:the streak plate
Figure 6.10 - Overview
![Page 32: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Microbe isolation and measurement
Plate counts
![Page 33: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Microbe isolation and measurement
Plate counts
Filtration
Figure 6.17 - Overview
![Page 34: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Microbe isolation and measurement
Plate counts
Filtration
Most probable number (MPN)
![Page 35: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Microbe isolation and measurement
Plate counts
Filtration
Most probable number (MPN)
Direct count
Figure 6.19 - Overview
![Page 36: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Microbe isolation and measurement
Plate counts
Filtration
Most probable number (MPN)
Direct count
Turbidity
Figure 6.20 - Overview (1 of 3)
![Page 37: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CHAPTER 7:Microbe growth control
terminology
Sterilization: destruction or removal of ALL forms of life (including endospores)
Commercial sterilization: heat treatment to kill endospores of Clostridium botulinum in canned food Disinfection: destruction of vegetative pathogens
Antisepsis: destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue
Degerming: removal of microbes from a limited area
Sanitization: treatment intended to lower microbial counts on eatingand drinking utensils to safe public health levels
Table 7.1
![Page 38: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Factors influencing antimicrobialeffectiveness
-Number of microbes
-Environmental influences -Organic matter-Biofilms-Medium conditions
-Time of exposure
-Microbial characteristics
![Page 39: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Physical antimicrobials
![Page 40: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Physical antimicrobials
![Page 41: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Chemical antimicrobials
![Page 42: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Chemical antimicrobials
![Page 43: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Chemical antimicrobials
![Page 44: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Survivor: Microbiology Island
You are stranded on an island with your fellow classmates. Luckily, you have a vast array of anti-microbial tools at your disposal. Working in groups, use the growth control tools provided to complete the team challenges and answer any questions. Extra credit points will be awarded to the teams that “survive” the longest (i.e. get the most correct answers).
![Page 45: Game plan Lecture Binary fission Growth curves Physical requirements for growth Chemical requirements for growth Bring books and APO-3 next class Lab Review](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e5e5503460f94b56f2d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Independent Study
1. Determine preferred uses of the growth control methods listed on your “Survivor: Microbiology Island” sheet. Be familiar with the mechanism of action of identified antimicrobial agents and drugs.
2. Review DNA structure and the basics of replication, transcription and translation. (Figures 8.5, 8.7, and 8.9 are good references)