garden guide 2010 english

8/13/2019 Garden Guide 2010 English

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Garden Guide

A Product of the

Community Gardening Network

of Ottawa

www.justfood.ca
http://www.justfood.ca/http://www.justfood.ca/


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CGN-RJCof/dOttawa

Community Gardening Network/

Rseau de jardinage communautaires

What is the CGN

The CGN is a network open to all memers of the community who garden!

whether in a community garden! or in their front or ack yard! on their

alcony! at pulic uildings! in a schoolyard! etc" working to sow! cu"ti#ate

and har#est the sustaina$"e de#elopment of community gardening in the

City of Ottawa"

What is the mission of CGN$

To work towards ensuring that all neighourhoods in the City of Ottawa

ha#e information onand accessto community gardens andgardening! with

particular attention to! ut not e%clusi#ely high density! low income areas"

&n doing so! the CGN is committed to democratic processes! eco"ogica"

stewardshi% and working with di#erse populations"

&he Community Garden 'e#e"o%ment (und

The Community Garden 'e#elopment (und was estalished in )**+" &t is a

collaoration etween ,ust (ood! the City of Ottawa and memers of the

Community Gardening Network" The annual fund of -.!*** is to e usedto start new community gardens in the City of Ottawa! and to e%pand and

enhance the e%isting gardens around the City"

(or more information aout this fund #isit www"justfood"ca


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A Community Garden is)

"..a collection of garden plots in an urban, suburban or rural setting, which provides residents with

access to land for gardening. Community gardens beautify previously barren or unused land. Run by

members of the community, they are a place where neighbours can meet and work together to care

for the garden while growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs.

What are the $enefits of community gardens

(OO' *+C,R& and N,&R&ON

Gardening pro#ides people with fresh! nutritious fruits! hers and #egetales mainly during the

har#est season" Community gardens can play an important role in helping people to eat well when

they are unale to afford healthy food in stores" Gardens pro#ide those on low incomes with theopportunity to grow organic food! which is often e%pensi#e in retail stores"

ACC+** &O GAR'+NNG *PAC+

Community gardens attract people who dont ha#e access to yard space! especially those who li#e

in apartment uildings" Community gardens are accessile spaces within walking distance where

people can participate in recreational gardening and growing healthy food for themsel#es"

+N/RON0+N&A1 *,*&ANA21&

0 community garden allows indi#iduals concerned aout the en#ironmental impacts of food to ha#econtrol o#er the food they eat" 1eople use organic methods in their gardens! thus reducing

pesticide e%posure to themsel#es and the en#ironment"

Growing food in the city reduces the en#ironmental costs associated with transporting food o#er

long distances" Gardening connects people to the food cycle" &t also encourages the recycling of

food and garden waste through the use of compost! which reduces the amount of trash in landfills"

CO00,N& '+/+1OP0+N& and +',CA&ON

Community gardens help to create a positi#e image of the community" Community gardens ha#e a

positi#e impact on the community" The garden ecomes a meeting spot! where communitymemers interact and get to know one another" This helps create a closer2knit! more cooperati#e

neighourhood" Community gardens allow for cooperation across di#erse ethnic and age groups"

&n Ottawa! gardeners and community memers can also participate in free educational workshops

throughout the year which focus on organic gardening skills! food and en#ironmental issues! and

the preparation of nutritious meals"


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&a$"e of Contents

3uilding the soil 4

Composting )

5eeds 6

Companion 1lanting

Garden 7ayout 8

1lanting Guide .

1est Control +

Common &nsect 1rolem 46

3ucket Gardening 48

9ater Conser#ation 4+

1lanting Guide )4

:egetale 1rofiles );


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2,1'NG &3+ *O1

9hen you first start your garden! you might find that the soil is too hard! too rocky! too sandy!

or not healthy enough to grow plants well" =ost gardens need a lot of work to make and keep

the soil healthy! producti#e and easy to work"

>arly in the spring! when the ground is warm and dry enough! dig your garden to a

depth of 4 - 56 inches! reaking up clumps and remo#ing large rocks"

0dd 7-8 inchesof com%ostand turn it thoroughly into the soil" Compost is good for all

kinds of soil! it gi#es structureto sandy soil and helps it hold water" (or soil that is hard

and full of clay! it helps to loosen it and helps water drain through it" &t also adds

nutrientswhich are slowly released into the soil during the growing season"

0nother way to help impro#e the soil is to plant a co#er crop! or green manure in your

garden in the early fall ?mid 5eptemer@" These plants are not har#ested in the spring!

ut are turned ack into the soil" These plants ring nutrients up from deep in the soil

and also Afi%B nutrients! like nitrogen! from the air and water" 9hen you turn them

under! you also increase the plant matter in the soil! which helps to gi#e structure to

clay or sandy soil"

5ome good co#er cro%sare a"fa"fa! c"o#er! rye! $ar"eyand winter wheat! they need to e kept

moist for germination" 'ont let the plants go to seed" Turn them under in the spring when they

are 8 or 9 inchestall" ou can also plant co#er crops in the spring or summer in part of your

garden that you are not using to prepare it for ne%t season"

4DCGN/R,C )*4*


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CO0PO*&NG:A great way tofeed your soiland help your garden grow!

What is CO0PO*&

Compost is the reakdown or decomposition of food and garden waste" &t

could e a mi% ofE

lea#es

fruit and #egetale scraps

weeds

other plant waste

Tiny creatures such as acteria! fungi! worms and small insects eat these materials and turnthem into compost 2 this is called decomposition" 9hen compost is ready to put on your

garden it will e dark rown and crumly and it will look like soil"

Why shou"d %ut com%ost on the garden

Compost is /+R GOO'for your garden" 0 ; - 7 inch "ayero#er your whole garden is #ery

helpful" &t will help your plants grow and keeps the soil moist" &t also keeps weeds down longer"


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What can %ut in the com%ost

'O A'' 'ON=& A''

3read! aked goods! plain noodles 3utter! cheese! milk

>gg shells =eat! ones

(ruit and #egetale scraps Oil! peanut utter! lard

Tea ags and coffee grinds =ayonnaise! salad dressing

9eeds and lea#es 5our cream! yogurt

Grass and 3ranches 'og and cat waste

3ow do use com%ost! and when do %ut it on my garden

Compost can e dug into the soil in the fall or in the spring efore

planting the garden! or used as a mulch"

9hen planting in the spring! put compost in with the seeds"

Once your plants are growing! spread some compost around the

flower and #egetale plants"

;DCGN/R,C )*4*


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*++'*

ou might want to find some of your plants that are healthy! strong

and Huick growing! and let them flower and go to seed" ou canthen collect and dry the seeds and sa#e them to plant ne%t year"

This might mean letting your radishes! roccoli or spinach go

to flower instead of har#esting them"

Or you might let some eans and peas stay on the #ine until

the plant dies and the pods are large"

ou can also let other #egetales! like sHuash! cucumer or peppers stay on the plant

until they are ig and tough and not #ery good to eat" This is usually when the seeds are ready

to e sa#ed"

5ome plants will only produce seeds the second year of planting! so you would ha#e to lea#e

them in the garden o#er the winter and wait until ne%t season to get seeds" ?They would ha#e

to e hea#ily mulched in the Ottawa area to pre#ent winter killing@

3eets! caage! carrots! celery and onions all produce seeds in their second year of

growth"

5eeds should e taken out of their fruit or pods! washed! spread on a aking sheet and left on a

sunny window sill indoors to dry" 9hen they are dry! you can put them in a jar or small ag!

lael the container! and keep them in a cool! dark! dry place until you need to use them" ?afridge or a freeFer is est@

Not all of the seeds you sa#e will grow plants ne%t year" 5ome

seeds you uy in the store grow only hyrids! which mean

that their plants will not produce good seeds" 5ometimes

when insects pollinate your flowers! they mi% the pollen up

with other plants! and the seed will not grow well"

6DCGN/R,C )*4*


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W3A& * CO0PANON P1AN&NG

Companion planting is a way of growing plants in your garden that helps your

plants stay healthy and keeps insects away" &t is something that you may choose topractice! some people ha#e found it helpful"

5ome plants grow etter when they are ne%t to other ones2 like carrots and

tomatoes"

5ome plants gi#e off a smell from their flowers and lea#es! or a chemical

from their roots that insects dont like! so they stay away"

5ome plants are #ery good for the soil2 like peas and eans" They add

nutrients when they grow that help other plants to stay healthy and strong"

CO0PANON P1AN&* (OR P+*& CON&RO1

P1AN& >++P* AWA P1AN& N+AR

2asi" flies! mosHuitoes tomatoes! all plants

Gar"ic aphids! onion flies! spider mites! wee#ils tomatoes! caage

3orseradish potato ugs potatoes! eggplant

0arigo"d nematodes! me%ican ean eetle I many

others

potatoes! tomatoes! strawerries!

eans! all plants enefit

0int caage moth! flea eetle tomatoes! caageNasturtium white flies! aphids! sHuash ugs eans! roccoli! caage! potatoes!

sHuash! radishes! tomatoes

3ot Pe%%er aphids! caterpillars! rodents as a powder or spray on the lea#es or

on the ground all plants

Rosemary caage moth! ean eetles! carrot fly caage! roccoli! carrots! eans!

sHuash! tomatoes

*age caage moth! carrot fly caage! roccoli! carrots

&ansy flying insects! cucumer eetles! ants! sHuash

ugs

fruits trees! erries! fruiting plants!

sHuash! tomato! cucumer

&hyme caage worm caage! roccoli

Wormwood =oths! caage worm! flea eetle! animals plant outside the garden as a order

DCGN/R,C )*4*


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A *A0P1+ GAR'+N 1AO,&

#ery garden is different" >%perience is the est guide of allJ

(ollow the directions on the seed packet for proper spacingK not all plants need the same amount ofspace"

8DCGN/R,C )*4*


11/50

/egeta$"e P"anting Guide for the Ottawa Area

5stWeek of 0arch 2 5tart onions from seeds indoors

2 1lace sweet potatoes in water to sprout indoors

5stWeek of A%ri" 2 5tart tomatoes! peppers and eggplant indoors

2 5tart early rassicas and romaine lettuce indoors if you ha#e a

cold frame

0idd"e of A%ri" 2 ?or whene#er soil can e worked@ plant peas! radish! lettuce I a

few onion sets for greens outdoors

7rd Week of A%ri" 2 Transplant rassicas and romaine lettuce to cold frame

5stWeek of 0ay 2 5tart watermelon and cantaloupe indoors

2 5tart one container of slicing cucumers indoors

2 1lant eets and carrots for early har#est! spinach! 5wiss chard

and storage onions outdoors

0idd"e of 0ay 2 5tart early corn outdoors ?if soil reasonaly warm@

2 1lant early potatoes

1ast week of 0ay 2 Cut sweet potato #ines into .2LB pieces and place in )2;B of

water to root

2 5tart mid2season corn! green eans! cucumers and sHuash

outdoors

2 Transplant tomatoes and peppers outdoors

5stWeek of June 2 1lant lima eans and okra outdoors

2 Transplant sweet potatoes! watermelons! cantaloupes and

slicing cucumer outdoors

.DCGN/R,C )*4*


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;nd Week of June 2 1lant late corn outdoors

2 1lant winter storage carrots! eets! rutaagas and potatoes

outdoors at end of week

2 5tart late season rassicas ?caage! cauliflower and roccoli@

outdoors for later transplanting

5stWeek of Ju"y 2 1lant Chinese #egetales/caage outdoors

2 Transplant late season rassicas

1ate August 2 5tart fall garden of radish! lettuce and onion sets

5st Week of *e%t 2 5tart spinach and onion sets for spring har#est

LDCGN/R,C )*4*


13/50

P+*& CON&RO1&P*

Com%ostE 0dd compost when you plant your seeds or small plants" &t willkeep your plants strong! healthy and ale to etter resist insects and

disease"

C"ean u%E Take rotting wood and plants away in the fall to stop ugs from laying

eggs! and/or o#er wintering in this material"

0o#e %"antsE 'ont plant the same #egetale! or family of #egetales! in the same

place ne%t year! as some pests stay in the same spot in your garden year

after year"

Good P"antsE 3ugs will stay away from some plants ecause they dont like the smell"

1lant them etween your #egetales or around the garden" Check the list

of Companion 1lants for 1est Control! to find out which plants would e

est for your garden"

3+1P(,1 CR+A&,R+*?

1ady $ugsare great for your gardenJ They lo#e to eat aphids"

+arthworms?worms create air spaces and make the soil etter and etter as they eat heir way

through it"


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*oa% s%ray? 5oapy water can e used to spray on plants to kill some pests" &t can also

keep eggs from hatching" ,ust mi% a little dishwashing soap with water"

=ake sure to spray oth the tops and ottoms of the lea#es"

Gar"ic *%ray? 1uree 4 clo#es of garlic with ) cups of water in a lender" Or! mash thegarlic or cut it up finely" 7et it sit for one day" Then strain the liHuid! so

there are no garlic pieces left" The garlic repels some ad ugs! and can

kill young ones"

3ot Pe%%er *%ray? 0dd 4/) cup of finely chopped hot peppers to ) cups of water" Or! put in a

lender" 5train the mi%ture" 9ear glo#es" &f the spray gets on your skin or

in your eyes it will urn or sting" 7arge pests like ground hogs! raccoons

and mice! dont like hot peppers" &f this is sprayed around the garden! it

will help to keep them away"

3air? 5cattering human hair clippings or dog hair around a garden area may

help keep ground hogs away"

&wigs and 2ranches? 5catter twigs and ranches o#er your planted rows to keep cats away"

=ake sure not to scatter too many twigs and ranches efore your plants

germinate as the seeds that you ha#e planted need sunlight to grow"

/egeta$"e Garden Pest 0anagement

The #ast majority of insects in a #egetale garden do no harmK many are eneficial! while only a

few are actually harmful" =oreo#er! the impact of these harmful ones can e minimiFed easily

y practising a little pre#ention! tolerance and control"

3ea"thy P"ants

The est defence against insect pests is a good offence" 5tart y ensuring that your plants are

healthy and growing #igorously" 0 healthy! #igorous plant can etter tolerate or reound from

many types of insect damage" 7ocate your garden in a sunny location! pro#ide a loose! well2

drained soil! and add plenty of compost" &f soil drainage is a prolem! use raised eds" 9hile the

p< of a rich! organic soil is usually satisfactory! some acidic sandy soils may need some

supplemental lime" 0s Thomas ,efferson! the )nd1resident of the 50! once wroteE

4*DCGN/R,C )*4*


15/50

I suspect that the insects which have harassed you have been encouraged by the feebleness of

your plants and that has been produced by the lean state of your soil.

Cro% Rotation

&f you rotate your #egetales or families of related #egetales each year! you may reak the

reproducti#e cycle of some insects! particularly those relati#ely immoile species that o#er2

winter in the ground or in specific host plants" Crop rotation is specially effecti#e at discouraging

se#eral soil2orne diseases! including ean root rot! clu root! acterial diseases of tomatoes

and #arious potato afflictions! all of which can weaken your plants and make them more

susceptile to insect attack" &n general! rotate the following plant families togetherE rassicas

?caage! cauliflower! roccoli! russel sprouts! turnips! radish@K solanaceous plants ?tomato!

pepper! eggplant! potato@K roots ?carrots! eets! parsnips@K greens ?lettuce! endi#e! spinach@K

legumes ?eans! peas@K and cucurits ?cucumers! melons! sHuashes@" Garden sanitation is

important! so remo#e #egetale waste from the garden and compost it to reduce the o#erwintering success of some insects"

2io-di#ersity and nter%"anting

&ncrease io2di#ersity y planting only small Huantities of the same #egetale in any one place

?usually this is the norm in a home #egetale garden@" Try not to interplant culti#ars from the

same family grouping ?as noted ao#e@" (or e%ample! it is much etter to mi% caages and

carrots then caages and cauliflower" 0 di#ersified mi%ture of plants! with differing colours!

shapes and odours can sometimes help reduce insect attack" 3ooks and guides dealing withcompanion planting recommend specific comination of plants that are said to repel certain

insects" (or e%ample! some claim that nasturtiums repel striped cucumer eetles! that

marigolds discourage the imported caageworm utterfly! and that catnip foils flea eetles"

Predator nsects

>ncourage predatory and parasitic insects" =emers of the umelliferae family! such as dill! are

especially good at attracting parasitic wasps! which ha#e three main groupings chalcids!

raconids and ichneumonids" They come in many shapes and siFes! from pinhead small chalcids

to ichneumonids a few centimetres in length" They appear to ha#e a stinger in the rear! ut it is

only an o#ipositor" 0ll lay eggs in other insects or their lar#ae! including tomato hornworms and

aphids"

44DCGN/R,C )*4*


16/50

"achhinid fliesare rarely noticed in the gardens as these ristly rown or gray insects resemle

the somewhat larger housefly" They are most acti#e on warm! sunny days and are parasites of

corn orers! tent caterpillars! cutworms and other lar#ae"

#ellow $acketsand hornets are not welcomed y most gardeners! ut they do collectcaterpillars! insects and lar#ae for themsel#es and their young in addition to animal matter!

pollen and honey"

%round beetlesare lack or dark rown! ut can appear right metallic green or lue in

sunlight" They usually hide under rocks! arks or other deris during the day and feed at night!

eating all kinds of insects! lar#ae! cutworms! and snails and slug eggs! to mention only a few of

their fa#ourites"

Rove beetles are sometimes confused with earwigs! although they lack pincers" 3lack or darkrown in colour! they are mainly sca#engers! often found in decaying matter"


17/50

kill an insect unless you know it is or could ecome a pest as you might mistakenly kill a

eneficial"

2irds! &oads and (rogs

9hile many irds resort to eating seeds and dried erries in the winter and early spring! theysoon return to a high protein diet of insects and lar#ae when these food sources reappear" 0nd

they rarely eat #egetales in our gardens! although some do like a few cherries or erries

?netting can protect #ulnerale crops@" 0ttract natures insect eaters with water in the form of

an attracti#e irdath! and pro#ide housing for your fa#ourite species" &n spring and summer!

insects form +* of the diet of chickadeesE moths! caterpillars! flies! eetles! true ugs! plant

lice! scale! leafhoppers! and moreP 9rens can e attracted y nesting o%es! and ecause they

often raise more than one rood each year! they must collect large Huantities of insects" They

will e#en forage in the e#ening! and are reputed to catch earwigs! which ecome acti#e at this

time of the day" 5wallows and purple martins are legendary insect eaters! making flying pests

++ of their diet ?uild a martin or swallow house to attract these gardening allies@" >#en

starlings can e appreciated as they are reputed to e one of the few irds that will eat tent

caterpillars"

Toads can consume large Huantities of insects in the garden" 1ro#ide some water! a few cool

hiding places! and e careful when tilling and digging toads often urrow into the soil during

the daytime" &f your garden is near a pond or you ha#e installed one in your garden! you will

enefit from the insect appetite of frogs as well"

Other Contro"s

9hen the direct control of a specific pest is needed! handpick ?potato eetles@! utiliFepheromones ?,apanese eetles@! set out traps ?crumpled newspaper for earwigs@! use arriers

?floating row co#ers such as Reemay faric for onion maggots@! apply natural repellent solutions

?garlic and water@ or use 3t sparingly in certain cases ?for caageworms@" Ne#er use road2

spectrum insecticides! e#en if from a natural source ?e"g" rotenone@! as such sustances kill

eneficial insects as well as the pests" Time your plantings to miss the first and usually most

destructi#e generation of a pest if it is particularly othersome in your area" Meep a #igilant eye

out for insect plant lea#es for signs of damage or disease" 0lways remo#e wilted plants and look

for insects or lar#ae among their roots" 0nd finally! practice tolerance" :egetales and fruit

from a home garden need not look perfect discard some produce! cut away insect damage!

and enjoy the fla#our and nutrition of produce grown naturally in your own garden"

4;DCGN/R,C )*4*


18/50

CO00ON N*+C& PRO21+0*

0phids

?colourE #aries ut lar#ae are

usually red or green@

presence of ants

foliage curls

foliage turns

yellow

gently ru the ack of lea#es

to sHuish aphids

spray lea#es and stem with a

soapy water solution" Rinse"

Caageworms

?colourE green@

holes in lea#es

presence of

lack/dark green

droppings on lea#es

handpick worms

5lugs

?colourE rownish2red or grey!

depending on type of slug@

ragged holes in

lea#es

slimy trail

acti#e ) hours

after sunset and ) hoursefore sun rise

handpick after sunset with a

flashlight

create a arrier around plants

with crushed eggshells or wood

ashes

place shallow dishes of eer

or yeast/water mi%ture

9ireworms/Click eetles

?colourE worms are reddish

rown@

since worms eat

the roots of plants! plants

will wilt and then soon die

trap with potato peelings

scattered around garden"

check e#ery morning! then

collect and destroy

46DCGN/R,C )*4*


19/50

Colorado 1otato 3eetle

?colourE orange and lack

stripedK eggs found on the

underside of lea#es are right

orange@

chew foliage of

peppers! tomatoes!

potatoes and eggplant

lea#e AskeletonsB

of lea#es

handpick eetles and orange

lar#ae

dust plants with cornmeal or

ran meal

hea#y mulch

Cutworm

?adultE nocturnal moth@ colourE

#aries from lack to grey to

rown@

Q nocturnal mothE adult

Q in the morning! youll

find your seedlings on the

ground! nipped off at

ground le#el

Q plants look chopped

down! and are left to die

Q make collars of cardoard for all

#aluale seedlings

Q dig around the ase of destroyed

seedlings! and destroy any cutworms

you find?they usually spend the day

underground eside the plant they

fed on the night efore@

>arwig

?colourE mainly lack with red

markings and pincers@

Q earwigs are often a

common sight

e#erywhere around the

garden

Q an in#erted flowerpot filled with

crumpled paper will attract them

Q in the morning! shake the

flowerpot into a pail of water to

drown the earwigs

Q plant your carrots ?which earwigs

lo#e@ early or late in the growing

season to outwit them

4DCGN/R,C )*4*


20/50

2,C>+& GAR'+NNG

>#en if you li#e in an apartment or in a house with a small yard! you can still grow #egetales

and other plants in containers on your alcony or patio" 9ith a small ucket garden! you cana#oid many of the prolems of a large garden2 like weedsJ and still enjoy fresh #egetales that

you ha#e grown yourself"

&y%es of Containers

ou can use milk cartons! ig tin cans! plastic or metal uckets! garage

cans! peach askets! or anything else that you can find that could hold

soil"

1ut holes in the ottom of your ucket to let water out" ou can use a nail

to make the holes"

&he soi" needs to $e dee% enough for your %"ants= roots.

ou need soi" @ to inches dee%for plants like eans! lettuce! spring

onions! carrots! radishes! and spinach"

ou need soi" 5 foot B5;D dee%for tomatoes! sHuash! peppers! long

carrots"

The igger the container for your plants! the etter yield you can

e%pectJ

Good 2ucket P"ants

*unny 2a"cony? need more than @ hours of direct sun a day

2eans?ush eans are est" 1lant ; in an L wide pot"

&omatoes?cherry tomatoes are est! they need a 8 pot" (or igger tomatoes! they need a 4)

pot" Tomatoes need lots of sun and need to e tied up to a stick"

Pe%%ers?need lots of sun" Tie to a stick to hold them up" 1lant one in a 4) pot

48DCGN/R,C )*4*


21/50

Radishes?plant ) inches apart! or three in a 8 pot" Ready to eat in a month"

*ummer *Euash! Fucchini?need ) foot ?)6@ deep and ) foot ?)6@ wide pot ?noteE uy #arieties

designed for growing in containers@

Cucum$ers #arieties designed for pot gardening"

*hady 2a"cony P"ants

2eets?plant ; apart! use when lea#es to L tall! or after two months

Carrots?plant ) apart" Ready to eat in two to three months

Chi#es! and Onions?need 8 wide pot

Gar"ic?plant garlic clo#es 8 apart! pick when the plant top dies

3er$s?all kinds grow well in pots! ring indoors in winter

1ettuce?plant leafy lettuce! 6 apart

*%inach?needs to e kept cool and wet! plant 8 apart

Care of %"ants

Water?9ater efore soil dries out or plant wilts! ?more often in ,uly and 0ugust@" &t can e #ery

windy on alconies which dries out your plants! so keep them watered" ou can also use mulch

on the soil to keep it moist" =ulch can e straw! lea#es! compost! newspaper!

aluminum foil! or lack plastic"

*un?&f your alcony is dark and shady! put tin foil on the soil to reflect sun onto

your plants"

4.DCGN/R,C )*4*


22/50

Com%ost?0dd compost to your uckets to gi#e your plants e%tra food" =i% lots of compost with

the soil efore you plant ?half and half is est@"

nsects?3ecause there are less insects on high alconies! you might need to pollinate the

flowers on the plants to get fruits and #egetales" ou can use a paintrush to spread the pollenaround"

=ost pest insects can e killed y using a mi%ture of soap and water sprayed on the lea#es ?see

tips on pest control@"

+tending the growing season?&f you plant late! and your #egetales are not ready y the fall!

you can ring most plants inside to sit y a sunny window"

4LDCGN/R,C )*4*


23/50

Water Conser#ationRaised 2eds /ersus ("at 2eds

(or efficient water conser#ation! prepare a soil surface for ma%imum water penetration" This

means planting in an area with is created to ensure that water stays in the root Fone of the

plant and does not run away from it to e wasted" >ffecti#e ways of doing this include a flat

surface! or if your soil is prone to flooding or is in a poorly drained wet area! a larger raised ed

with a flat surface on top may e preferale" &f using a raised ed! ensure that you create some

raised edges around the top of the raised ed to ensure the water stays in the ed and does not

run off down the side" 1lease note that raised eds can dry out much Huicker than a flat

surface" &n this case! mulch will help"

0u"ching and *oi" &i"th

=anaging soil tilth to include additional organic matter and compost will promote water

penetration and retention" (or ma%imum water conser#ation! apply compost to the soil surface

as mulch after transplanting and seeding" This will allow the cold spring soil to warm up efore

the application of the cooling mulch layer! thus enhancing seed germination and early spring

transplant #igour" The surface compost layer will conser#e water during the hot summer season

and keep root systems cooler" The compost layer can e worked into the soil at the end of the

growing season or in the early spring efore planting"

Cu"ti#ating and Weeding

0 numer of good gardening practices will help in conser#ation efforts" (or e%ample! donSt

plant in soils that are too cold22seeds wonSt grow satisfactorily! and water will not e properly

asored" (rom the start! weed control is #ery important in your garden" 9eeds waste water!

and they compete with #egetale plants for nutrients and sunlight" (or ma%imum water use!

maintain e%cellent weed control in your garden" &f you are not using a surface mulch! culti#ation

of the soil should e shallow" 'eep tillage or hoeing not only damages plant roots ut also

allows moisture to e#aporate" :ery shallow weed control with a scuffle or push hoe is est" ?0

scraping action with the scuffle hoe is est"@

4+DCGN/R,C )*4*


24/50

,se Water Wise"y

Root )ones.9hen you use water! try to concentrate it in the plantsS rootFone" The less water you apply etween the rows where roots canSt use it!

the less water you lose to e#aporation" &n addition! water from a sprinkler

wonSt all reach the soil surface ecause of e#aporation22a loss of up to )"

5e#eral techniHues will help place the water in the root Fone where itSs

neededE

4" (or crops like sHuashes and cucumers that are usually grown in a hill! ury a juice or coffee

can with the ottom at root le#el" 1unch holes in the ottom of the can! so the water you

pour in it will reach the roots with a minimum of loss"

)" ou can irrigate indi#idual plants like tomatoes! peppers! and eggplants in the same

manner! using a slightly smaller can" 1unch the holes in the can only on the side ne%t to theplant"

'prinkler irrigation. &f you use this system! minimiFe water losses yE

4" using a sprinkler that will co#er the garden only! not the surrounding areaK

)" watering early in the morning when air is cool! wind is low! and water pressure is etter on

municipal systemsK or

;" using a rate of application that permits all water to soak in and not run off the garden area"

'oak the soil.9hen you water! thoroughly soak the soil to a depth of 8 to L inches and do it less

freHuently" 'epending on stage of growth and temperatures! watering once per week is usually

sufficient! and only then if you do not recei#e adeHuate rainfall during the period"

"ry closer rows.0 smaller area gardened more intensi#ely will produce more #egetales in

relation to water usage" ou can grow Huite a few #egetales much closer together than

traditional ) 2 to ;2foot rows" ou can place radishes! onions! eets! carrots! etc"! in rows as

close as 4 foot apart" This way! you make etter use of the water you apply in the root Fone" &n

addition! a soil shaded y #egetale lea#es loses less water y e#aporation to the atmosphere"

Container plantingof #egetales will use more water than in2ground gardening" Containers dry

much faster than garden eds and rows"


25/50

When *hou"d P"ant 0y /egeta$"es


26/50

P1AN&NG G,'+ O W (irst outdoor planting! V W 7ast possile planting! & W 5tart seeds indoors!


27/50

2+AN**+ean amily-

P1AN&E ; to 6 inches apart! 4 inch deep

3ean seeds will not sprout in cold soil" 5o it is important

to plant seeds in the garden after the last frost of spring

?late =ay@

P1AN& N+ARE Carrots! cauliflower! cucumers! caages! corn!

radishes

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Garlic! onion! chi#es! leeks! eets

CAR+E 3eans need a lot of sun

9ater often! dont let the soil dry out

&n hot weather! you can co#er the soil with a mulch! like

compost! to keep the soil moist

3AR/+*&E Ready to e picked in aout L weeks

1ick when pods are small and tenderK if you wait too

long! the plant may stop producing eans

P+*&*E 0phids! ean eetles! irds! rodents! light! mildew

=arigolds and summer sa#ory keep the ean eetle

away

1lant ush eans and potatoes in neighouring rows2

the potatoes keep the ean eetle away and the eans

keep the potato ug away

NO&+*E 1lant climing eans ne%t to corn! the eans will clim

up the stalks

Turn the plants ack into the soil when they dieK ean

plants are high in nitrogen and are #ery good for the soil

);DCGN/R,C )*4*


28/50

2++&**+eet amily-

P1AN&E The seeds should e planted 4 inch apart! then when

sprouted! thinned to 6 inches apart ?noteE you can eat

the young sprouted plants which you ha#e thinned@

1lant seeds in the garden in early spring! although your

early crop may e affected y leaf minor lar#ae"

ou can plant a second crop after you ha#e picked the

first

P1AN& N+ARE 3roccoli! caage! cauliflower! lettuce! onions! swiss

chard

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1ole eans ?climing eans@

CAR+E 3eets like lots of sun! ut can grow in some shade as

well

Need lots of water to keep the roots tender

1ut compost in the soil efore planting

3AR/+*&E Ready to e picked in aout L weeks

ou can eat the lea#es and the roots

P+*&*E Cutworms! slugs! snails! leaf miners! rodents

NO&+*E The roots will stay good into the late fall if you co#er

them with a hea#y mulch! such as dry lea#es or strawK

sHuirrels may steal your eetsK chicken wire ?or mesh

wire@ can e used to co#er the planting area and

discourage the sHuirrels

)6DCGN/R,C )*4*


29/50

2ROCCO1*Cabbage amily-

P1AN&E 4L inches apart! 4/) inch deep ?these plants need their

spaceJ@

Grows est if you start the seeds indoors in early spring

and transplant them to your garden up to ; weeks

efore the last frost or in the mid ,une for a fall har#est"

P1AN& N+ARE 3eets! caage! carrots! marigolds! nasturiums! thyme!

tomatoes

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 5trawerries! mustard

CAR+E 3roccoli plants like cool temparatures! a lot of sun and

lo#e nutrient2rich soil

They need to e watered often! use a mulch in hot

weather to keep the soil from drying out

1ut compost in the soil efore planting

3AR/+*&E Ready to e picked in aout 48 weeks

&t is ready when the flowering head is ig enough to eat

and the uds are still tightly closed and green"

&f you wait too long! it will turn into yellow flowers

Cut off the head only! just ao#e the large lea#es! the

plant will produce smaller heads in week or two

P+*&*E 0phids! cutworms! root maggots! caage worms

)DCGN/R,C )*4*


30/50

CA22AG+*Cabbage amily-

P1AN&E 4L inches apart! 4/) inch deep

Grows est if started indoors in early spring for an early

crop or seeded already in the garden in mid2,une for a

fall har#est"

1ut the small plants in your garden no more than ;

weeks efore the last frost"

P1AN& N+ARE Carrots! cucumers! spinach! celery! dill! onions!

potatoes

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 5trawerries! tomatoes! pole eans ?climing eans@

CAR+E Caage plants like cool temperatures! lots of sun! ut

dont like to get too hot! so some shade is good too"

Caage likes lots of water when it is small" 9hen it is

ig dont water it as much or the head might split"

Caage will not thri#e in poor soil and therefore will

need a lot of nutrients ?e%ampleE a large amount of

compost worked into the soil@ to grow well"

3AR/+*&E Caage will e ready in aout 48 weeks"

Cut when the head has formed and feels firm"

P+*&*E 5lugs! snails! aphids! caage worms! cutworms! flea

eetles

5trong smelling hers like hyssop! thyme! wormwood!

rosemary and peppermint will keep the caage

utterfly away.

NO&+*E 'ont plant caage in the same place in your garden

e#ery year! or where you planted roccoli or cauliflower"

This will help to keep pests away from your plants"

)8DCGN/R,C )*4*


31/50

CARRO&**Carrot amily-

P1AN&? &n rows! 4/) inch deep ?warningE seeds are #ery small! so

e careful to sow them thinly"@

'ig the soil well efore planting?compost can e added

to the soil at this time to make the soil less compact@"

1lant early or lateK late =ay or mid2,une is est"

P1AN& N+ARE 7ettuce! tomatoes! radishes! caage! onions! peas!

potatoes

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 'ill! also ne%t to a pathway in your gardenK footsteps

could compact the soil and cause misshapen roots"

CAR+E Carrots will grow well with lots of sun! or with some

shade"

They need a lot of water when they are small ut cut

down on the water when they are ig to keep the root

from splitting"

3AR/+*&E Carrots are ready in aout 4* weeks"

1ull the plants with the largest tops" ou can feel

around in the soil to check the siFe of the root"

ou can lea#e the carrots in the ground until mid2

autumn ecause a few frosts often makes the root

sweeter"

P+*&*E The iggest danger to carrots is earwigs in the spring

?they lo#e the tender foliage@" Other changes include

carrot rust fly! cutworms! animals" 5trong smelling hers

like rosemary! sage and wormwood help keep the carrot

fly away" Crop rotation ?planting in a different location

e#ery year@ will pre#ent small worms which urrow into

the roots of carrots"

HH NO&+E Rocks in the soil will make the root split when it grows"

).DCGN/R,C )*4*


32/50

CORN*%rass amily-

P1AN&E 6 inches apart! then thin later to L inches apart

1lant 4 inch deep to keep the irds from eating theseeds"

1lant seeds in the garden after the last spring frost"

1lant at the north end of the garden so it doesnt shade

your other plants"

Corn will grow est when planted in a lock of ; or 6

rows"

P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes! eans! cucumers! pumpkin! sHuash! melon

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1eas! tomatoes

CAR+E Corn needs lots of sun! and therefore is est planted in alarger garden

Corn needs lots of nutrients! so add lots of compost to

the soil efore you plant"

3AR/+*&E Corn is ready in + to 4; weeks"

3reak off the ear when the silk turns rown"

Check the kernels" 9hen the juice from the kernels is

white! they are ready to e picked" &f the juice is clear!

they are not yet ready"

P+*&*E Corn orer! ear worm! irds! and animals ?noteE

sHuirrels will reak the young plants and raccoons will

steal the ripe cos@"

NO&+*E 1lant climing eans ne%t to corn" The eans like to

clim the corn stalks and they gi#e lots of nitrogen to

the soil! which is #ery good for the corn" 9hen the

eans die! lea#e the plant in the soil"

)LDCGN/R,C )*4*


33/50

C,C,02+R*Cucumber amily-

P1AN&E 4* to 4) inch apart! 4/) inch deep

1lant seeds in the garden after the last spring frost"

5eeds est started indoors and then transplanted in late

=ay"

P1AN& N+ARE 3eans! peas! radishes! sunflowers! corn

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes! strong smelling hers

CAR+E Cucumer plants like a mi% of sun and shade"

They need lots of water so make sure the soil doesnt

dry out ?you can use a mulch to help keep the soil

moist@"

0dd some compost to the soil efore planting"

&n a small garden! it is est to grow eside a frame or

cage structure ?so that the plant #ines can grow Xup and

not take up a lot of space in your garden@"

3AR/+*&E Cucumers will e ready for picking in aout + weeks"

Cut cucumers off the #ine when they are a good siFe"

1ick them as soon as they are ready! or else the plant

will stop producing"

P+*&*E Cucumer eetle! aphids! nematodes! mildew! wilt

NO&+*E Cucumer plants can e trained to grow on a trellis or

frame"

)+DCGN/R,C )*4*


34/50

+GGP1AN&*otato amily-

P1AN&E 4* to 4) inches apart

>ggplant grows est when planted

indoors in the early spring then mo#ed to

the garden after the last frost"

P1AN& N+ARE 3eans! peppers! tomatoes! potatoes

CAR+E >ggplant likes lots of sun"

>ggplant needs lots of water! e#en more

when it is growing fruit"

1ut compost in the soil efore planting"

3AR/+*&E >ggplant is ready to e picked in aout 4+ weeks"

1ick the fruit when they are dark and shiny"

P+*&*E Cut worms! flea eetles! wilt

NO&+*E To a#oid disease! dont plant eggplant in the same spot

during the ne%t growing season"

9hen planting eggplant! a#oid planting it where you

where you had planted tomato! potato! or pepper

plants in the pre#ious growing season"

;*DCGN/R,C )*4*


35/50

GAR1C*/nion amily-

P1AN&E ; to 8 inches apart! inch deep

1lant clo#es of garlic with the pointy end up in your

garden 6 weeks efore the last spring frost"

&t is important to plant garlic when it is still a it cold

outside" 3etter results can come from planting garlic in

the fall for ne%t year like all uls"

P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli! cauliflower! tomatoes

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1eas! eans

CAR+E Garlic likes lots of sun"

'ont water too muchK garlic likes the soil to e a it dry"

3AR/+*&E Garlic will e ready to pick in 4* to 4) weeks"

1ull up the plant when the tops are dead and dry"

Cut off the top and lea#e the ul in the sun for a few

days to dry"

ou can store garlic in a cool! dark! dry place all winter"

P+*&*E Onion thrips! mildew

Not many pests other garlic! so it is good to plant

etween other plants in your garden to help keep the

ugs away"

;4DCGN/R,C )*4*


36/50

1+&&,C+*(ettuce amily-

P1AN&E 5prinkle seed and co#er lightlyK later on! you can thin to

6 to 8 inches apart"

1lant seeds in the garden after the last frost"

ou can start the seeds indoors in the spring if you want

an early har#est"

ou can plant another crop e#ery 6 weeks"

P1AN& N+ARE 5trawerries! cucumers! carrots! radishes! eets

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli! cauliflower

CAR+E 7ettuce likes lots of sun in the spring! ut likes shade in

the hot summer ?noteE it grows well in containers@"

7ettuce likes lots of waterK if it doesnt get enough the

lea#es will taste itter"

0dd compost to the soil efore planting

3AR/+*&? 7ettuce will e ready in 6 to 8 weeks"

ou can pick it when the lea#es look ig enough to eat"

'ont wait too long! or your lettuce will start to flower"

P+*&*E 5lugs! cutworm! sow ugs! wire worms! snails! aphids

and animals"

;)DCGN/R,C )*4*


37/50

ONON**/nion amily-

P1AN&E ; inches apart ?noteE est if

grown from Xsets of small

uls@"

1lant the seeds in your garden

after the last frost"

ou can plant the seeds indoors

in the spring if you want an

earlier har#est"

P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli! cauliflower! eets! strawerries!

tomatoes! lettuce! carrots

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1eas! eans! asparagus

CAR+E Onion likes sun ut will grow in some shade"

9ater well! ut stop when the tops fall o#er in mid

summer"

3AR/+*&E Onions are ready to e picked aout )* weeks after

planting"

Onions can also e picked and eaten when they are

smaller2 these are called green onions"

(or large onions! after you ha#e stopped watering them

for a few days! pull the plant up and lea#e it in the sun

to dry for a day or two" The tops and skins should e

dry" ou can then trim the roots efore storing them"

P+*&*E Onion fly maggot! thrips and mildew"

;;DCGN/R,C )*4*


38/50

P+A**+ean amily-

P1AN&E ; inches apart! 4 inch deep

1lant seeds in your garden ; weeks efore the last frost

ou can plant a second crop two weeks later for a longer

har#est"

P1AN& N+ARE Carrots! turnips! radishes! cucumers! eans! potatoes

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Onion! garlic

CAR+E 1eas like lots of sun in the spring! likes more shade in

the summer"They like lots of water" Ne#er let the soil dry out use

mulch in the summer"

3est to ha#e stakes! sticks or a fence2like construction to

keep these #ine2like plants upright

3AR/+*&E 1eas will e ready to pick in aout 4* weeks"

The pods can e picked when they are small and eaten

whole! or you can wait until the peas are igger"

P+*&*E 0phids! irds! animals! mildew! wilt and rot

NO&+*E ou can train the plants to grow on a frame or trellis"

9hen the plants die! turn them into the soil! it will gi#e

the soil lots of nitrogen! which is good for your garden"

;6DCGN/R,C )*4*


39/50

P+PP+R**otato amily-

P1AN&E 4* to 4) inches apart! 4/) inch deep

1lant the seeds indoors in the early spring and mo#e the

plants to your garden after the last frost ?noteE they are

#ery frost tender and may need to e co#ered in a cold

snap@"

P1AN& N+ARE 3asil! carrots! eggplant! onions! parsley! tomatoes

CAR+E 1eppers like lots of sun! ut if they are too hot! they

may drop their flowers! so make sure they get some

shade in the summer"

'ont water them too much! or their roots will rot"

3AR/+*&E 1eppers will e ready in aout 4+ weeks"

Cut the fruit when they look ig enough to eat"(or hot peppers! you must wait until the peppers

change colour efore you pick them"

P+*&*E Cutworms! flea eetles! aphids! hornworms! mildew!

wilt! rot

NO&+*E


40/50


41/50

RA'*3+**Cabbage amily-

P1AN&E ; inches apart2 dont o#ercrowd themJ

1lant seeds in the garden ; weeks efore the last frost"

ou can plant more seeds e#ery ; or 6 weeks"

P1AN& N+ARE Cucumers! lettuce! melons! peas! nasturtiums! sHuash!

eans

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE


42/50

*PNAC3*+eet amily-

P1AN&E 6 inches apart

1lant seeds in garden 6 or weeks efore the last spring

frost"

ou can plant another crop after you ha#e picked the

first one! or you can plant e#ery two weeks in spring"

P1AN& N+ARE Cauliflower! celery! eggplant! strawerries

CAR+E 5pinach likes lots of sun in the spring! ut needs shade

in the summer"

Gi#e spinach lots of water! more in hot weather"

'ont touch the lea#es when they are wet! you might

reak them"

1ull up all the weeds around your spinach! especially

when it is small"

3AR/+*&E 5pinach is ready to e picked in aout . weeks"

ou can cut the lea#es when they look ig enough to

eat! or you can pick the whole plant"

'ont wait too long! spinach will start to flower Huickly

in hot weather"

P+*&*E 7eaf miners! aphids

;LDCGN/R,C )*4*


43/50

WN&+R *,00+R *K,A*3

BF,CC3ND *Cucumber amily-

P1AN&E &n hills ; to 8 feet apart! 4/) inch deep ?Fucchini closer!

winter sHuash farther apart@

1lant seeds in your garden after the last spring frost or

you can start your seedling indoors in 0pril and plant

outside in =ay"

P1AN& N+ARE Radishes! corn! cucumers! nasturtiums

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes

CAR+E Yucchini likes lots of sun and warm weather"

Yucchini likes lots of water! so dont let the soil dry out"

Try not to get the lea#es wet when you water it as this

can cause mildew"

0dd compost to the soil efore planting"

RememerE 5Huash #ines lo#e a lot of space

3AR/+*&E Yucchini is ready to e picked in aout L weeks"

Cut off the fruit when they are 8 to + inches long"9inter sHuash is ready in aout 4) weeks"

9ait until the first frost has killed the plant! then cut the

fruit off"

7ea#e them in the sun for a few days efore storing

them"

P+*&*E 5Huash #ine orer! sHuash ug! cucumer eetle! white

flies! mildew and wilt" 1lant radishes close y as a

protector for plant"

NO&+*E 1lant the seeds in hills! ; to 8 feet apart

5ome kinds of sHuash can e trained to grow on a

frameK there are special seed #arieties which produce

compact plants for small gardens"

9inter sHuash can keep all winter if you store the fruit

in a cool! dry place"

;+DCGN/R,C )*4*


44/50

&O0A&O+**otato amily-

P1AN&E 4) inches apart! inch deep

5tart growing the seedsindoors in the early spring"

?0pril@" =o#e the plants into

your garden after the last

frost ?late =ay@"

P1AN& N+ARE Onions! chi#es! garlic! carrot!

parsley! marigold!

nasturtium! asparagus! asil!

sage! rosemary! eggplant!

peppers'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli!

cauliflower! corn! potatoes

CAR+E Tomatoes need lots of sun! e#en more when they are

growing fruit"

Tomatoes need lots of water" Ne#er let the soil dry out!

use mulch in hot weather"

se tomato Xcages to support the tall plants"

0dd compost to the soil efore planting" Meep plants

from drooping onto wet mulch which can rot your crop"0Important1 pick off yellow leaves from tomato and

remove them from the garden0

3AR/+*&E Tomatoes will e ready to e picked in aout 4. weeks"

7ea#e the fruit on the plant and pick them only when

they are red"

P+*&*E Cutworm! whitefly! wilt! and the Xlight which causes

the ottom lea#es of the plant to yellow

NO&+*E Cut off side ranches and yellow lea#es 2 this will make

your plant grow more tomatoes"

6*DCGN/R,C )*4*


45/50

&,RNP*?Caage (amily@

P1AN&E 4 inch apart! inch deep ?thinning later to 6 to 8 inches

apart@

1lant seeds in your garden in the early spring"

ou can plant a second crop in the middle of the

summer"

P1AN& N+ARE 1eas

'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes

CAR+E Turnips will grow in some shade"

Turnips need lots of water to grow Huickly! ne#er let the

soil dry out"

3AR/+*&? Turnip roots are ready to e picked in aout L weeks"

1ull up the plant when the lea#es are aout 6 inches

across"

ou can eat the lea#es too"

P+*&*E 0phids! flea eetles

NO&+*E &f you are growing turnips late in the season! lea#e the

root in the ground for a few weeks after the first frost! it

will make the root taste sweeter"

64DCGN/R,C )*4*


46/50

3ar#est &ime

The est part of gardening is when you finally get to pick the fruits and

#egetales you ha#e een working so hard to grow" 3ut what do you do

when you ha#e too many to eat while they are still fresh$

PR+*+R/NG? /isit www.justfood.cato find out when %reser#ing worksho%s wi""take %"ace.

There are lots of things you can do with your #egetales to keep them good through the winter"

:egetales can e lanched Huickly in oiling water! then put in ags or containers in

your freeFer"

:egetales can e dried! y slicing them thinly! laying them on a aking sheet! then

placed in your o#en! on very low heat! for an hour or two" Then you can store them in a

jar or ag in your cupoard"

=any people preser#e their fruits and #egetales in cans or jars" ou can make jam!

salsa! relish or pickles with many of the plants you grow in your garden" If they are

done properly! the jars of preser#es will keep well o#er the winter in your

cupoard" If not done properly! preser#es can cause food poisoning" 1lease

consult cookooks or local nutritionists for information on preser#ing techniHues!and food safety issues"

=any kinds of #egetales will keep well in a cool! dark place! such as a asement! o#er

the winter" 1otatoes! turnips! eets! carrots! onions! garlic! pumpkin and winter sHuash

are the est" =ake sure they are kept cool! and not too damp" Check regularly to watch

for possile decay" 5tore #egetales where they do not ha#e to e piled on top of each

other! and lightly co#er them to shield them from light and e%treme temperature

changes"

6)DCGN/R,C )*4*
http://www.justfood.ca/http://www.justfood.ca/


47/50

Pre%aring for Winter

3y the first frost! you should ha#e picked most of your #egetales! as the frost will kill or

damage most plants! like tomatoes! summer sEuashand %e%%ers" 3ut some plants will

keep growing after the frost! and actually taste etter if they are left in the garden wellinto the fall" Parsni%s! ka"e! "ettuce! onions! radish! carrots! turni%s! s%inachand $eets

are some plants that will grow after the frost" Other plants can e#en e planted in the

fall! left in the garden to grow all winter! and picked in the spring" Gar"icand s%inachare

two of these plants"

The fall is also a good time to get your garden ready for ne%t spring" 0fter you ha#e

har#ested your #egetales! pull out the dead plants" ou can put them in your compost

pile! ut if they ha#e a disease! it is est to put them in the garage or fireplace" 9hen

this is done! dig your garden to loosen the soil! and add compost to make your soil

healthy and ready for when you plant in the spring"

0nother way to make your soil healthy for the spring is to plant a co#er cro%" This is a

plant that grows in cold weather and also adds #aluale nutrients to the soil as it grows"

&n the spring! you would turn the plant under into the soil efore planting your garden"

5ome good co#er crops are Rye Grass! white c"o#er! winter wheator $ar"ey?plant in

mid25eptemer@"

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G1O**AR

2eneficia"s 2 These are irds! insects or wild plants that are good for your garden" The irds

and insects might eat some of the harmful pests in your garden" 5ome wild plants attract

these eneficial animals and ugs! or ha#e odours that repel pests! so you want to keepthem in your garden"

2"ight2 Causes ottom lea#es of tomato plant to yellow and kills the rest of the plant as the

light spreads up the stem"

2t - Or A3acillus thuringiensisB is an effecti#eXorganic pesticide sold under such trade names

as 'ipel or 5ok23t" 5old in concentrated form! it is a solution of acterial spores which is

diluted with water efore eings applied to plants"

Com%anion P"anting2 5ome plants grow etter when they are near other plants! like eansand corn" 5ome plants also help to keep pests away! so they can e grown near plants that

ha#e prolems with pests" ou may choose to further research this"

Com%ost 2 1lant and #egetale matter that is partially decomposed" Compost can e used as

a fertiliFer for the soil! or as a mulch"

Co#er Cro%s2 These are plants that are grown in your garden at the end of the season! left

through the winter! and turned under to add nutrients to the soil efore you plant in the

spring"

Cro% Rotation2 9hen you mo#e plants or families of plants to a different part of the garden

each year" This helps to a#oid pests and keeps the soil healthy"

+ye 2 This is what the eginnings of a sprouted plant on a potato root is called"

(erti"iLer 2 5omething that adds nutrients to the soil to make the soil healthier and plants

grow etter"

(rame 2 0 wood or metal construction which acts as a support for #ine plants such as

cucumers and sHuash"

(rost B(irst and 1astD2 The last frost in the Ottawa area usually occurs in =ay! and is the last

time that plants might freeFe at night if they are outside" =any plants should not e planted

outside until after this date" The first frost usually happens late in 5eptemer in Ottawa and

many plants need to e har#ested efore this date"

3ar#est 2 9hen your plants and #egetales are ready to e picked"

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0u"ch2 0 co#er on the soil that helps to stop the growth of weeds! and keeps the soil cool

and damp.

Organic Gardening 2 0 way of growing plants without using harmful chemicals for pesticides

or fertiliFers. Organic gardeners use methods like companion planting! crop rotation!

composting and mulching to keep their garden healthy"

Pest2 0n insect! animal or disease that is damaging or eating your plants"

Root /egeta$"es 2 These are plants that we grow for their roots" The root is the part of the

plant that grows in the ground" Carrots and radishes are root #egetales" Other kinds of roots

?including potatoes@ are called tuers" There are also roots that are uls! for e%ample!

onions and garlic are uls"

*uccession P"anting2 (or Huick growing plants! you can plant a second or third crop after the

first one has een har#ested" ou can follow the guidelines for crop rotation when succession

planting as well! to help keep your soil healthy"

&hinning2 9hen your seeds start to grow! you may need to pull out some of the small plants

to gi#e the other ones room to grow"

&rans%"ant2 To mo#e a plant from one place to another! like when you mo#e small plants

started indoors to your garden in the spring"

&re""is 2 0 ladder or fence2like structure that can e used for your climing plants! like

cucumers! peas or eans! to gi#e them support and something to clim on"

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The %arden %uide was created y the

Community Gardening Network of Ottawa/Rseau de jardinage

communautaires dOttawa ?CGN/R,C@"

9e would like to send a ig Tnglish in (rench"
mailto:[email protected]://www.justfood.ca/mailto:[email protected]://www.justfood.ca/

garden guide 2010 english

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