GARDENS OF THE WORLD

Table of contents

Introduction Asian gardens English gardens North american gardens South american gardens

INTRODUCTION

A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature

Gardening is the activity of growing

and maintaining the garden.

This work is done by an amateur

or professional gardener

The history of gardening extends across at least 4,000 years of human civilization

Egyptian  tomb paintings of the 1500s BC are some of the earliest physical evidence of ornamental horticulture and landscape design; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by symmetrical rows of acacias and palms

Another ancient gardening tradition is of Persia: Darius the Great was said to have had a "paradise garden"

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were renowned as a Wonder of the World

Byzantium and Moorish Spain kept garden traditions alive after the 4th century AD and the fall of Rome. By this time a separate gardening tradition had arisen in China

HISTORY OF GARDENS

HISTORY OF GARDENS

 Gardens of Versailles, became the dominant style of garden in Europe until the middle of the 18th century when it was replaced by the English landscape garden and the French landscape garden.

The 20th century saw the influence of modernism in the garden: from the articulate clarity of Thomas Church to the bold colors and forms of Brazilian Roberto Burle Marx.

A strong environmental consciousness and Sustainable design practices, such as green roofs and rainwater harvesting, are driving new considerations in gardening today.

Uses of gardens

A garden can have aesthetic, functional, and recreational uses: Supplies oxygen Absorb radiant heat and offer shade Plant cultivation Act as sound barrier Provide privacy Relaxation

– Family dinners on the terrace– Children playing in the garden

Reading and relaxing  Fresh herbs and vegetables for cooking

1.ASIAN GARDENS

ASIAN GARDENS

Asian gardening, thought to originate in China and introduced in Japan and elsewhere in Asia during the Han Dynasty (140-87 B.C.),

THE PRINCIPLES IN ASIAN GARDENSThere are certain principles that distinquish Asian gardens. 

Asian gardens must harmonize with and mimic nature. Another principle might best be stated as "less is more." 

Often Asian gardens contain areas of "emptiness" so as to

better define other elements in the garden around them. 

VARIOUS STYLES IN ASIAN GARDENS. Hill and Pond Style: This Style incorporates large rocks, water, and

plants that mimic large natural landscapes, such as mountains, lakes, and forests.

Dry-Landscape Style :  This is the style of gardening most influenced by Zen philosophy and typically incorporates the use of stones and sand,

 

ASIAN GARDENS

ASIAN GARDENS

Tea-Garden Style: In this type of garden,

pathways play an important role in soothing the spirit and removing worldly care as one prepares for and journeys toward the tea house or other location.

ASIAN GARDENS

Stroll Style:  This is similar to the Hill and Pond style garden, but is designed for meandering through the garden to fully appreciate it.

 Courtyard Style:  This garden style is often characterized by the use of ornamental structures, such as lanterns, stepping stones,

ASIAN GARDENS

ELEMENTS OF ASIAN GARDENS WATER PLANTS PATHS BRIDGES BAMBOO STATUES

Japanese gardens derive their beauty from

a mixing and blending of different elements:– Sand,rocks– water– ornaments such as lanterns, – water basins (tsukubai), and – bamboo fences– natural plants and surroundings

Black pines, red pines, and Japanese maples may be considered the quintessential trees of the Japanese garden, but these species may not thrive in some dry and hot climates. Here are some trees to consider as worthy additions to Japanese landscapes.

JAPANESE GARDENS

JAPANESE GARDENS Traditional styles: The Japanese typically categorize their gardens into three broad types.  Karesansui garden: karesansui (dry landscape gardens, also known as rock gardens and

waterless stream gardens) are typically associated with Zen Buddhism The main elements of karesansui are rocks and sand, with the sea

symbolized

Example: Ryōan-ji, temple

in Kyoto, has a garden famous

for representing this style

JAPANESE GARDENSTsukiyama gardens:Tsukiyama Gardens

is a term to denote a hill garden as opposed to a flat garden

Ponds, streams, hills, stones, trees, flowers, bridges, and paths are also used frequently in this style example of this kind of garden is Daigoji in kyoto(japan)

Chaniwa Gardens or tea gardensChaniwa Gardens are built for holding tea

ceremonies. There is usually a tea house where the ceremonies occur, and the styles of both the hut and garden are based

The symbol of water when used in Japanese landscape designs represents life and calmness and a reminder of just how important water is to mankind and the environment

CHINESE GARDENS The Chinese Garden, also called Chinese Classical Garden and Chinese

Scholar's Garden, is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature.

Design and purpose of Chinese gardens The Chinese consider gardens a serious art form and as with painting,

sculpture and poetry aim to attain in their design the balance, harmony, proportion and variety that are considered essential to life

Often the most exquisite elements of a Chinese garden can be found in its details. Such is the case with the footpaths, imaginatively patterned with coloured pebbles into a variety of designs along the ground.

The Chinese garden is divided into three categories: the imperial garden, the private garden and the natural scenic site.

The earliest imperial garden dates back to the late Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1027 BC) with the construction of an imperial hunting ground

CHINESE GARDENSThe earliest imperial garden dates back to the late Shang dynasty (c. 1600-

1027 BC) with the construction of an imperial hunting ground

Imperial gardensBeijing's imperial gardens are outstanding examples of classical Chinese

garden culture; they are also part of the precious world cultural heritage.

Yuan Ming Yuan -- Chinese Imperial Garden

The tradition and style in the garden design of Persian gardens has influenced the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and beyond.

The Taj Mahal is one of the largest Persian Garden interpretations in the world, from the era of the Mughal Empire in India.

Elements of the Persian garden Sunlight and its effects were an

important factor of structural design in Persian gardens.

PERSIAN GARDENS

PERSIAN GARDENS

Elements of the Persian garden, such as the shade, the jub, and the courtyard style hayat in a public garden in Shiraz.

The Persian style often attempts to integrate indoors with outdoors through the connection of a surrounding garden with an inner courtyard

The six primary styles of the Persian garden may be seen in the following table, which puts them in the context of their function and style. Gardens are not limited to a particular style, but often integrate different styles, or have areas with different functions and styles.

Classical Formal Casual Public hayat median park

Private hayat chararbagh bagh

HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered to be one of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

They were built in the ancient city-state of Babylon, near present-day

 Al Hillah, Babil, in Iraq. They are sometimes called the Hanging Gardens of Semiramis

 The gardens were supposedly built by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BCThe gardens were destroyed by several earthquakes after the 2nd century BC.

ISLAMIC GARDENS

• The application of the spiritual concept in the case of the Taj Mahal.

• Traditionally, an Islamic garden is a cool place of rest and reflection, and a reminder of paradise

• The general theme of a traditional Islamic garden is water and shade, not surprisingly since Islam came from and generally spread in a hot and arid climate.

• Unlike English gardens, which are often designed for walking, Islamic gardens are intended for rest and contemplation. For this reason, Islamic gardens usually include places for sitting

GARDENS IN INDIA

The oldest evidence for the existence of gardens in India comes from

literary sources. Sacred works, including the Ramayana With the start of Muslim influence on India, residential buildings began

to be built in stone.As in other Islamic gardens, the characteristic features are: (1) a

boundary wall (2) a geometrical layout (3) a crossing pattern of canals. The most famous Mughal gardens are the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort in Delhi, Agra Fort and Humayun's Tomb Garden.

Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals in the Islamic style of architecture.

GARDENS IN INDIA

Mughal gardens at Taj Mahal

Shalimar Gardens, Kashmir

2.ENGLISH GARDENS

The English garden, also called English landscape park is a style of Landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe

It usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture

By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French landscape garden, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia, inPavlovsk, the gardens of the future Emperor Paul.

The English Garden Spreads to the Continent

ENGLISH GARDENS

A second style of English garden, which became popular during the 20th century in France and northern Europe, is the late 19th-century English cottage garden.

The cottage garden is a distinct style of garden that uses an informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plant

Vernacular thatched cottages

(built in 1812–1816) in Woburn

Street, Ampthill, Bedfordshire,

surrounded by garden.

NORTH AMERICAN GARDENS

RELATIONSHIP WITH PLANNING

Gardens plays a vitol role in the beautification of city,gives a aesthetic appearance to city

Protecting environment Environmental protection and conservation are

of utmost importance to many planning systems across the world

Creating enjoyable greenery nature to people of the city

CONCLUSION

Although this presentation is not a recipe for creating a garden,it gives an idea about different styles of gardens in this world

Garden plays a vital role in the aesthetic appearance to cities,towns,houses various elements like rocks,stones,path,plants ,bamboos,etc plays a vital role in setting of gardens.japanese garden style is interesting in asian style of gardens.

Islamic gardening infiuence on Indian gardens also a considerable topic.

For thousands of years, the human population provided for their own needs, often with the help of a vegetable garden

Gardens plays a very important role in human life