Garlic & Health: Health part - general aim

Main Goal: - Interactive improvement of garlic quality

Elucidation of mechanismAnalysis of active of actioncompounds Improved drug

formulationHigh quality garlic

Improvement of garlic Optimal use of garlicplants and growth conditions for therapeutic application

Main Focus: - Inflammation and cytokine signaling- Atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol - Cancer and biotransformation

- Human Intervention Study

Garlic & Health: Health part

Major achievements:

• new findings on bioavailability, identification of new metabolites

• definition/exclusion of biomolecular mechanisms mainly of single compounds, but also on extracts by using in vitro systems

• establishment of a reliable analytics of organosulphur compounds

• first evaluation of efficacy of single molecules and extracts in an animal study

Garlic & Health: Health part

Future focus:

• continuation of the work of each workpackage

• integration of our new results

• efficient and extensive in vivo evaluation

• intensification of dissemination of data and major achievements

Garlic & Health

WP 5.2 Cholesterol and vessel wall

WP 5.2 Cholesterol and vessel wall

Milestones:

Characterization of the interaction of organosulphur compounds(DADS and AM) with cholesterol metabolism

Studies on garlic with different sulphur fertilization

Interactions of garlic flavonoids with cholesterol biosynthesis andsignal transduction pathways

Production of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors (TIMP) byendothelial cells under the influence of organosulphur compounds.

Mechanisms of Arteriosclerosis

MMPs +TIMPs

SerumCholesterol

Inhibition of Matrix-Metallo-proteinases by Garlic

Compounds K. Meyer and R. Gebhardt

Institute of Biochemistry

University of Leipzig

MMP

MMP

MMP

TIMP

TIMP

TIMP

Arteriosclerosis FibrosisArthritis Diabetic Nephro-Rheumatoid Arthritis pathyInflammationGlomerulosclerosisTumour-Growth Scleroderma -Metastasis -AngiogenesisUlcersParodontosis

Morphogenesis, Differentiation, Wound healing, etc.

Pathological Implicationsof MMP-TIMP-Imbalance:

Spectrum of matrix metalloproteinasesand TIMP-1 in cultured HUVEC cells.After 9 h of cultivation.

Induction of MMPs and TIMP-1 in HUVEC cells 9 / 24 h after PMA, forskolin and TNF-alpha

Spectrum of matrix metalloproteinasesand TIMP-1 in cultured HCAEC cells.After 9 h of cultivation.

Induction of MMPs and TIMP-1 in HCAEC cells 9 h after PMA, forskolin and TNF-alpha

Inhibition of MMP-2 Production in HUVEC by DADS, AM and SAC

Activity assay ELISA

MMP-1 and MMP-3 are not affected by DADS,AM and SAC in HUVEC cells

Inhibition of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 Production by DADS, AM and SAC

MMP-9 (activity assay) TIMP-1 (ELISA)

- Unstimulated HUVEC cells do not secrete MMP-9

- In the case of TIMP-1 unstimulated cells respond similarly

HUVEC stimulated with PMA, forskolin and TNF-alpha

Inhibition of MMP-1 Production in HCAEC by DADS, AM and SAC

(HCAEC stimulated with TNF-alpha, forskolin and PMA)

(HCAEC unstimulated)

Inhibition of TIMP-1 Production in HCAEC by DADS, AM and SAC

(HCAEC stimulated with TNF-alpha, forskolin and PMA)

(HCAEC unstimulated)

Influence of MOR-200 on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 Production by HUVEC cells

(HUVEC stimulated with TNF-alpha, forskolin and PMA, 24 h)

TIMP-1 ELISA Cytotoxicity (MTT)

MMP-9 Activity Assay

No response of HUVEC to the garlic extractMOR-200 below cytotoxic concentrations

Inhibition of MMP-2 Production by different garlic extracts (MOR-200; MES-200; PRI-200; PRI-0)

(unstimulated HCAEC cells)

RESULTS:

- Inhibtion is stronger in HCAEC than in HUVEC cells

- only slight differences between garlic extracts with different fertilization

Summary:

• DADS is able to inhibit the production of several MMPs and of TIMP-1 by endothelial cells

• HCAEC cells are more sensitive to DADS than HUVEC cells

• AM and SAC are less potent than DADS

• Garlic powders do not affect HUVEC cells but exert an inhibition of MMP production in HCAEC cells

• so far no significant influence of garlic fertilization

Final conclusion:

• Garlic preparations may potentially influence the MMP-TIMP balance in certain endothelia