garmin sar detailed demo tutorial -...
TRANSCRIPT
1
GARMIN SAR DETAILED DEMO
TUTORIAL
Garmin Integrated Flight Deck Trainer Version 12.00
AND
Updated G1000 aircraft software
FOR
G1000 MISSION PILOTS
MISSION CO-PILOTS
AND
MISSION OBSERVERS
FOR A
PARALLEL GRID SEARCH
MIAMI 4D
USING
GARMIN SAR METHOD
South of Lakeland Airport Florida (KLAL)
Start Southwest Corner
East-West Tracks
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SEARCH MIA 4D USING GARMIN G1000 SAR
The corners of MIA4D are shown as G1, G2, G3, and G4. These are the waypoints
used for Cross Track Flight Plan Method. The Commence Search Point (CSP) G1 is
the same waypoint used for the Single Leg Method and Garmin G1000 SAR.
SEARCH SPECIFICATION:
Miami 4D, start SW corner, East-West Tracks, 0.5 nm track spacing
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G1000 LATITUDE ADJUSTMENTS FOR 7.5’ x 7.5’ GRIDS
0.5 nm and 1.0 nm TRACK SPACING
Latitude
Degrees
E-W(nm)
Leg Length
N-S *
0.5 nm
N-S *
1.0 nm
Latitude
Degrees
E-W (nm)
Leg Length
N-S *
0.5 nm
N-S *
1.0 nm
36
35
34
33
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.3
13
13
13
13
7
7
7
7
48
47
46
45
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
11
11
11
11
6
6
6
6
32
31
30
29
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.6
13
13
14
14
7
7
7
7
44
43
42
41
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
11
12
12
12
6
6
6
6
28
27
26
25
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.8
14
14
14
14
7
7
7
7
40
39
38
37
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
12
12
12
13
6
6
6
7
* Number of Legs for the track spacing listed below.
N-S tracks Leg length all latitudes = 7.5 nm
No of Legs E-W tracks 0.5 nm track spacing all latitudes = 16
No of Legs E-W tracks 1.0 nm track spacing all latitudes = 8
The U.S. SAR Manual calls the start corner the Commence Search Point.
First track starts at start corner and ends on opposite corner of grid.
Last track cannot exceed opposite edge of grid.
This table does not pull in from edges of grid half the track spacing as
the GX55 does. The GX55 also adjusts for magnetic variation.
Latitude 25 degrees corresponds to southern Florida.
Latitude 48 degrees corresponds to northern Maine.
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For GX GPSs providing the preceding specification is all that is required to
generate the search flight plan. However, the G1000 SAR requires the pilot to
provide more detailed data to generate the search flight plan than for a GX55.
G1000 SAR is more flexible for parallel searches, because they can be any
rectangular search area of any size and any orientation. Unless the G1000 is put
into true heading mode, the pilot has to determine the magnetic variation for
traditional parallel grids. It is not recommended to change the G1000 to true
headings, because you may forget to return the G1000 to magnetic headings after
landing. For the latitude where the grid is to be searched, the pilot has to
determine the longitude 7.5 minute grid width. Refer to the chart on page 2, or
measure the distance off the appropriate sectional chart. The latitude 7.5 min
grid height will always be 7.5 nm.
WAYPOINT G1 = Lat-Lon of SW corner of MIA4C, the CSP
PATTERN PARALLEL
INITIAL DTK 90 deg + 5 deg mag variation = 95 deg
INITIAL TURN LEFT
LEG LENGTH 6.7 nm = 7.5 min @ 27 deg latitude from chart
SPACING 0.5 nm
NUMBER OF LEGS 16 for E-W legs for all latitudes
NOTE: INITIAL DTK would equal 90 degrees if G1000 set to true headings.
The G1 user waypoint is the same user waypoint and Commence Search Point
(CSP) used for the Cross Track Flight Plan and Single Leg methods used for G1000
aircraft without Garmin SAR. G2, G3, and G4 are the remaining corner user
waypoints used by the Cross Track Flight Plan Method. At the 30 nm scale range,
the G1000 grid pattern is 7.5 min x 7.5 min. One way to check the Garmin SAR set
up is correct is to set the scale range to 30 nm and check the pattern just fills the
appropriate grid. Of course the grid has to be turned on.
SIMULATOR: Locate the simulated aircraft at KLAL, and load the coordinates
for waypoint G1, the Commence Search Point: 27-45.0 / 82-07.5.
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The G1000 MFD at 30 nm scale shows the corner points of Miami 4D.
The Waypoint chapter User Waypoint page shows the details of waypoint G1.
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Press the FPL key to bring up the ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN panel.
Press the MENU key to bring up the Flight Plan PAGE MENU.
NOTE: A Garmin SAR Flight Plan can only be built as the active flight plan, and
cannot be saved in the Flight Plan Catalog.
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Press the ENT key to bring up the SEARCH AND RESCUE menu.
If G1 waypoint has been used recently, it will be found in the RECENT list.
Rotate the Inner FMS knob counter clockwise to bring FPL waypoint list.
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Rotate the Inner FMS knob clockwise to the RECENT menu.
Use the Outer FMS knob to scroll down to the waypoint G1.
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Press the ENT key to accept G1 as the Commence Search Point (CSP).
Press ENT to accept the default PARALLEL pattern.
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Set the INITIAL DTK to 095 deg using the Inner and Outer FMS knobs. This is the
Desired Track of the first search track. 095 deg = 90 deg + mag variation.
Press the ENT key to accept INITIAL DTK.
Set the INITIAL TURN to LEFT (turn after first search leg), and press the ENT key.
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At 27 deg 45 min North latitude, 7.5 min in longitude = 6.7 nm.
Set LEG LENGTH to 06.7 nm, and press the ENT key.
Set SPACING to 0.5 nm (mission planners choice), and press the ENT key.
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NUMBER OF LEGS = 7.5 nm LATITUDE / 0.5 nm SPACING + 1 = 16
Set NUMBER OF LEGS = 16, and press the ENT key.
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Press the ENT key to activate the rectangular SAR pattern.
NOTE: The range scale is set to 30 nm that provides a 7.5 min X 7.5 min grid
pattern. The generated SAR Flight Plan fits in this grid.
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AUTOPILOT USAGE
Use the simulator autopilot when flying the G1000 Trainer. For very early G1000
trainers before the introduction of the Garmin GFC700 autopilot, use DEMO
MODE to set TRK MODE = MANUAL to simulate HDG mode and TRK MODE = TRK
FPL to simulate NAV mode. In either case using the G1000 trainer, all turns have
to be standard rate. 0.5 nm track spacing was chosen, because it is more difficult
to fly. This means the G1000 Trainer and using the real aircraft autopilot only
standard rate turns can be made. One exception, the real Garmin GFC700
autopilot has Control Wheel Steering that permits temporary override of the
autopilot to make 35 deg bank turns. The KAP140 autopilot would have to be
disengaged to make a 35 degree bank turn, and after the turn the KAP140
autopilot would have to be reengaged. The G1000 tutorials use procedure turns
outside the search area to make effective 180 degree turns using standard rate
turns. Instrument rated pilots will be familiar with making procedure turns. The
tutorial procedure turns are the same as used on instrument approaches when a
180 turn is required outbound from the Final Approach Fix to fly inbound to the
same FAF.
At 90 knots ground speed, it takes a 30 degree bank to turn 180 degrees without
resorting to using a procedure turn. Thirty five degree bank angle is
recommended so the bank angle can be decreased instead of increased when
completing the turn. At 90 knots ground speed, autopilots use a 15 degree bank
angle to execute a standard rate turn.
CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
When using the autopilot in a real airplane in altitude hold, be ready to add
power if a severe down draft is encountered. Do not use the autopilot in altitude
hold if the vertical currents are so severe that small power adjustments cannot
maintain the desired search altitude at 90 knots. If the mission pilot is not on the
ball with the autopilot in altitude hold in a severe down draft, the aircraft will
stall. Even in conditions that permit autopilot usage, hand flying the real aircraft
is acceptable. Again, using autopilot procedures is the only way the G1000 trainer
can be flown.
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Simulator: Press the MENU key until DEMO MODE appears.
Set the HEADING to 237 degrees (207 degrees, the DTK, +30) & ALT to 1500’.
Simulator: Bring up PFD, press the MENU key until DEMO MODE appears, and
set the air speed to 100 knots. Then turn autopilot on and put it into heading
mode, and set ALT to 1500 feet.
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When the aircraft or simulator cross track distance (XTK) reaches 2nm, turn the
heading indicator to the head of the CDI Indicator
Adjust autopilot HDG bug to make TRK equal to DTK.
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After selected heading is maintaining DTK, press the FPL key to bring up the
FLIGHT PLAN Panel.
Use Outer FMS knob to high-light SAR-01, the end of the first search track.
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Press the MENU key to bring up the PAGE MENU.
Press the ENT key to activate the first search leg.
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Press the ENT key again to confirm that you want to change active leg.
When the new XTK reduces to 2 nm, turn to 185 deg for a 90 deg intercept.
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When the Cross Track Distance (XTK) = 1 nm arm the autopilot in NAV mode.
The aircraft is shown getting established on the first track line before reaching G1.
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OPTIONAL: Delete KLAL to G1 leg. Press the FPL key.
OPTIONAL: High light KLAL and press the CLR Key.
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OPTIONAL: Press the ENT key to confirm that you want to delete KLAL.
OPTIONAL: The KLAL to G1 leg has been eliminated from the display.
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Another way to eliminate the transit leg from KLAL to G1:
After the Garmin SAR program has auto built the SAR flight plan in the
active flight plan, clear the KLAL waypoint, or your airport waypoint,
from the flight plan. Then high light the CSP waypoint, in this case G1,
and press the DIRECT TO key. This will provide a temporary leg from
KLAL to G1, or your airport to your CSP, that will disappear when
arriving at G1 or CSP.
The method flying from the airport to the CSP would be the same as
shown in this tutorial and the Cross Track Flight Plan and Cross Track
Single Leg tutorials.
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As the aircraft is approaching SAR001, sync the HDG bug, and put the autopilot in
HDG mode. Then bring up the FPL Panel and highlight SAR003, end of next leg.
Press the MENU key to bring up FPL Menu and the ability to activate leg.
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Press the ENT key to activate the selected leg.
Press the ENT key again to confirm activating the selected leg.
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The active leg is now the SAR002 to SAR003 leg.
Upon reaching SAR001, turn right 45 deg to 140 deg.
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After the XTK changes by 0.5nm + on the 140 deg heading, perform a 180 deg
turn to the left to 320 deg.
When inbound on a 45 degree intercept, arm the autopilot in NAV mode.
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The aircraft is shown established on the second search leg.
Prior to arriving SAR003, sync the HDG bug, and put the autopilot in HDG mode.
Then activate the leg ending at SAR005. NOTE: all search legs end in odd
numbers. Turn legs end in even numbers. Aircraft with GTC 700 autopilots have
Control Wheel Steering that can be used to temporarily disengage the autopilot
so 35 degree bank turns can be made. For aircraft with KP 140 autopilots, the
autopilot will have to be disengaged to execute 35 degree bank turns. The track
spacing of 0.5 nm was chosen, because it is the most difficult to execute 180
degree turns. At 90 knots, the autopilot will execute a 180 degree turn in 1.0 nm
The values on the table on Page 2 can be calculated:
E-W Leg Length = 7.5nm * Cos (Latitude)
N-S Number of Legs = integer (E-W leg Length / Track Spacing) + 1