Gas-FACTS: Gas - Future Advanced Capture Technology Options Jon Gibbins University of Edinburgh Mathieu Lucquiaud University of Edinburgh Hyungwoong Ahn University of Edinburgh Mohamed Pourkashanian University of Leeds Paul Fennell Imperial College London John Oakey Cranfield University Chris Wilson University of Sheffield Prashant Valluri University of Edinburgh Hannah Chalmers University of Edinburgh Martin Trusler Imperial College London Kevin Hughes University of Leeds Meihong Wang Cranfield University Pericles Pilidis Cranfield University Geoff Maitland Imperial College London Chemical Eng and Amparo Galindo Imperial College London George Jackson Imperial College London Claire Adjiman Imperial College London Nina Thornhill Imperial College London

Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the shape of the British and Irish electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study

Wind and thermal generation in January 2030 with the UK wind patterns from 2000

Amount of time power demand is less than GW shown

Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the shape of the British and Irish electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study

Estimates for 2030

Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the shape of the British and Irish electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study

~ 10 GW of baseload available with 43GW of wind

Amount of time power demand is less than GW shown

Dispatchable (infill/backup) generation capacity

Wind

Estimates for 2030

Nuclear and wind competing for load some of the time

* http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/meeting_energy/nuclear/nuclear.aspx

16 GW of UK nuclear capacity*

~ 30 GW of baseload available if no wind

Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the shape of the British and Irish electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study

Estimates for 2030

Wind – 43 GW (+10GW baseload) No wind – extra 20GW baseload 7GW less LF>5% ~10GW less LF<5% (and 43GW less wind)

Load factor distribution for infill power generation

0 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Some capacity doing ‘backup’

A lot of ‘infill’ capacity doing serious amounts

of energy generation

Original curves from Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the shape of the British and Irish electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study, but derived numbers are estimates from reading the graph above with assumed baseload from previous slides.

Potential non-baseload CCS capacities?

Load factor Estimates for 2030

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Fuel costs Carbon costs Non-fuel variable costs Fixed costs

ILLUSTRATIVE COST BREAKDOWN FOR UK GENERATION OPTIONS

Based on Redpoint: Decarbonising the GB power sector: evaluating investment pathways, generation patterns and emissions through to 2030, A Report to the Committee on Climate Change, September 2009.

2008 capital costs, assumed £30/tCO2 carbon price, gas price £12.5/MWhth, coal price £6.25/MWhth. 10% interest rate

£/M

Wh

If wind or nuclear is run as fill in power

then costs go up even more than for fossil

If CCGT+CCS is costed at 20% LF then 63% LF electricity at very low

cost is not being used.

Generating Technology and Load Factor

Conclusions for future gas CCS plants Electricity demand is variable and will remain so – but unclear Wind output will always be variable – but no agreed data to properly address the question available in the public domain A lot of electrical energy is required to fill the gap, at a range of load factors – not clear how much could be electricity storage Quite a lot of low-load factor ‘backup’ power is also required 43 GW of wind + ~ 7GW of 20-90% LF + ~10GW of backup (~60GW capacity in total) replaces ~20GW of baseload capacity (estimated using data from the Poyry 2030 scenario) Operating fossil flexibly with and without CCS important Recovering the capital involved at reduced LF is likely to be very uncertain – low capital cost important

~ HRSG

Advanced Post

Combustion Capture

Gas turbine

Air inlet

Exhaust Gas Recycle - EGR

CO2 Transfer & Recycle - CTR

Gas in

Low carbon

electricity out

Decarbonised flue gas out

Decarbonised flue gas out CO2 transfer

Water/steam injection

Gas turbine capture systems

Gas-FACTS: Gas - Future Advanced Capture Technology Options

Cranfield, Edinburgh, Imperial, Leeds & Sheffield Edinburgh: Absorber instrumentation and control,

modelling activities Imperial: Properties of CO2-capture solvents for natural gas; real-time control. Leeds: Experimental measurement and modelling of amine degradation. Sheffield: Gas turbines running component and engine tests, HATS and EGR Cranfield: Membrane prescrubber evaluation and process/technoeconomic modelling.

WP1 Future roles for natural gas CCS plants

WP2 Gas turbine options for

improved CCS system performance

2.1 High humidity operation

2.2 Exhaust gas recycle

2.3 CO2 recycle

WP3 Advanced post combustion solvent capture for future gas power systems

3.1 Gas-specific solvents

3.2 Flexible capture systems

3.3 Advanced testing

WP4 Integration and whole systems performance assessment

WP5 Impact delivery and expert interaction activities

UKCCSRC Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT) Facilities - Beighton

Amine Post Combustion

Capture Plant (150 KW)

Coal

S

B

C

G

Control Units & System

Integration

Oxygen

Coal

Biomass

AIR

Natural Gas

Gas Turbine APU & Micro-turbine <150Kw

Oxy/air-Solid

Fuels CTF with EGR 250KW

Coal – Biomass

blend Fuels 50KW

Coal – Biomass Air/Oxy

FB Reactor 150KW

Gas Mixer Facilities

Up to 250 KW

O

L

Planned IGCC

Reactor (200 KW)

R

Gas Cleaning

and Shift

System Monitoring

Via Internet

R

E

E

M

A E

E

The Centre is funding commissioning and operating support for UKCCRSC-PACT for next 5 years, costing 810k, and is also offering support worth up to 630k for UKCCSRC members and other academics to undertake new research activities using UKCCSRC-PACT facilities, to complement £2.9M funding from DECC to move and set up equipment provided by RWE Npower.

Planned Gas CCS meetings

Sheffield

24 October - RAPID, EPSRC Gas CCS programme

25 October - Gas-FACTS at PACT offices