i

GAS TANK LEAKAGE

DETECTOR AND MONITORING

SYSTEM

MIMI HARYANI BINTI TASANI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITY SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (UNISZA)

2019

ii

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for

quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that

it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or other institutions.

Name:..Mimi Haryani binti Tasani……

Date:……..26th December 2019…...….

iii

CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that gas tank leakage detector and monitoring system was prepared

by Mimi Haryani binti Tasani matric number BTCL17047147. This project have

checked and from our perspective this project research have fulfilled the condition

to be recognized for the level of Bachelor of Computer Science of Internet

Computing. The research conducted and writing this report under my guidance

supervision.

Name: DR. AZRUL AMRI JAMAL

Date : ................................................

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah

with blessed from Allah that allow me to complete the final project which is Gas Tank

Leakage Detector and Monitoring System.

Here I would like to express my sincere thanks and dedicate to my beloved

supervisor of this Final Year Project, Dr Azrul Amri bin Jamal for this suggestion or

ideas and also the valuable guidance and advice that encourage me to complete the

system successfully.

Sincere thanks to all my friends for their kindness and moral support. Last but

not least, my deepest gratitude to my beloved parents for their prayers and

encouragement. For those who are indirectly contributing, your kindness means a lot to

me.

Thank You.

v

ABSTRACT

At any given point, there are billions of devices connected on the internet

providing a social cloud beyond imagination. However, the internet is not just limited to

computers and mobiles. It is now present in devices like our cars, houses etc. The

Internet of Things (IOT) is a fast developing area which has a huge scope. Its primary

aim, that of connecting even the most mundane objects to provide a comfortable

lifestyle. LPG cylinders are an integral part of our homes now. Laboratories are also

common with gas tank that filled with many types of gases. These gases are sometimes

can be dangerous and threatens people lives. Constant vigilance is required in helping us

reduce the dangers of this device. This paper aims at designing a basic home automation

system using the internet which can be monitored and accessed from anywhere in the

world. The technology incorporates Raspberry Pi and Android App Development. The

Raspberry Pi is used to monitor the cylinder and the readings are passed down to the

server. The conclusions will be analysed and informed to the user via the app and then

further action could be taken. A stepper motor will be fixed to the regulator which will

be able to control the regulator. The user will be able to control the regulator using an

Android app through which he can detect the status and switch off the regulator if

necessary.

vi

ABSTRACT

Di mana-mana titik tertentu, terdapat berbilion-bilion peranti yang

disambungkan di internet menyediakan sosial awan melampaui imaginasi. Walau

bagaimanapun, internet tidak hanya terhad kepada komputer dan telefon bimbit. Ia kini

hadir dalam peranti seperti kereta, rumah dan lain-lain. Internet Perkara (IOT) adalah

kawasan pembangunan yang cepat yang mempunyai skop yang besar. Matlamat

utamanya, iaitu menyambungkan objek yang paling biasa untuk disampaikan gaya

hidup yang selesa. Silinder LPG adalah sebahagian daripada rumah kami sekarang.

Makmal juga biasa dengan tangki gas yang dipenuhi dengan banyak jenis gas. Gas-gas

ini kadang-kadang boleh membahayakan dan mengancam kehidupan manusia.

Kewaspadaan berterusan diperlukan dalam membantu kami mengurangkan bahaya

peranti ini. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk merekabentuk automasi rumah asas sistem

yang menggunakan internet yang boleh dipantau dan diakses dari mana saja di dunia.

Teknologi menggabungkan Raspberry Pi dan Android App Pembangunan. Raspberry Pi

digunakan untuk memantau silinder dan bacaan dibuang ke pelayan. Kesimpulan akan

dianalisis dan dimaklumkan kepada pengguna melalui aplikasi dan kemudian tindakan

selanjutnya boleh dilakukan diambil. Motor stepper akan ditetapkan kepada pengawal

selia yang akan dapat mengawal pengawal selia. Pengguna akan dapat mengawal

pengawal selia menggunakan Android aplikasi di mana dia boleh mengesan status dan

suis off the regulator jika perlu.

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DECLARATION ii

CONFIRMATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT vii

CONTENTS viii

LIST OF TABLES xii

LIST OF FIGURES xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES xvii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objectives 4

1.4 Scopes 4

1.5 Limitation 5

viii

1.6 Expected Result 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Research 6

2.3 Summary 9

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 10

3.2 Prototyping model 11

3.3 Phase 1: Requirement Gathering 12

3.4 Phase 2: Quick Design 12

3.5 Phase 3: Prototype Evaluated 13

3.6 Phase 4: Refined the End Functionality 13

3.7 Requirement 13

3.7.1 Hardware Requirement 14

3.7.2 Software Requirement 15

3.8 Framework Design 16

ix

3.9 Process Model 17

3.9.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

17

3.10 Data Model

17

3.10.1 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

17

3.10.2 Data Dictionary

18

3.11 Proof of Concept

22

3.12 Solution Complexity

29

3.12.1 Hybrid Technique

29

3.12.2 Algorithm

30

3.13 Summary

30

REFERENCES 31

APPENDIX 33

x

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

3.1 List Of Hardware Requirement 14

3.2 List Of Software Requirement 15

3.3 Data Dictionary For Staff 19

3.4 Data Dictionary for Admin 19

3.5 Data Dictionary for Department 20

3.6 Data Dictionary for Sensor Monitor 20

3.7 Data Dictionary for Gas Tank 20

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

3.1 Prototyping Model 11

3.2 Framework 16

3.3 Data Flow Diagram 17

3.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 18

3.5 Prototype front page for admin 22

3.6 Prototype of front page for staff 23

3.7 Prototype of tank list for Admin and Staff 24

3.8 Prototype gas tank details for Admin and Staff 24

3.9 Prototype of Sensor list page for Admin and Staff 25

3.10 Prototype of Sensor details for Admin and Staff 25

3.11 Prototype of UCL Staff list for Admin 26

3.12 Prototype of Staff profile for admin 26

3.13 Prototype of Leakage History List 27

3.14 Prototype of Alert Message on website 28

3.15 Prototype of Alert Message on mobile phone 28

3.16 Algorithm of solution complexity of system 30

xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

FYP Final Year Project

xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Gantt Chart (FYP 1)

33

B Gantt Chart (FYP 1)

35

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Gases employed in the semiconductor industries are required to have high

purity levels, and also sensitive monitoring and analytical techniques, not of the

laboratory level, but of the level employable on the spot, have been strongly desired.

Whenever flammable or toxic gases are used, it is possible that a gas could be leaking

into the room or contiguous areas. Monitoring for the presence and concentration of

these gases is a prudent safety precaution.

Modern laboratories use a number of gases as part of their daily operations. A

number of gases are used in laboratories to support various applications such as

Chromatography (GC and LC-MS) Spectroscopy, ELSD and Sample Preparation.

Laboratories use a wide range of gases including carbon dioxide, enriched oxygen and

inert gases including helium, argon and nitrogen. All of these gases carry risks.

This project is focus on nearest lab in UniSZA Tembila which is FBIM

laboratory. There few gases used which are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and

2

argon gases. This system will sensing the argon or nitrogen gas leak and will display

on computer monitor system through ethernet. This system can remotely control even

there is no person on duty and will giving alert if there any leakage and giving the

exact place where the leak happens.

Since there are dangerous gases used, gas leakage detector is very important for

multiple laboratory purposes. It is a process that can identify potential hazardous gas

leak using sensors. These sensors usually employ an audible alarm to alert people

when a dangerous gas has been detected.

1.2 Problem Statement

Gases employed in the semiconductor industries are required to have high

purity levels, and also sensitive monitoring and analytical techniques, not of the

laboratory level, but of the level employable on the spot, have been strongly desired.

Whenever flammable or toxic gases are used, it is possible that a gas could be leaking

into the room or contiguous areas. Monitoring for the presence and concentration of

these gases is a prudent safety precaution.

Modern laboratories use a number of gases as part of their daily operations. A

number of gases are used in laboratories to support various applications such as

Chromatography (GC and LC-MS) Spectroscopy, ELSD and Sample Preparation.

Laboratories use a wide range of gases including carbon dioxide, enriched oxygen and

inert gases including helium, argon and nitrogen. All of these gases carry risks.

This project is focus on nearest lab in UniSZA Tembila which is FBIM

laboratory. There few gases used which are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and

argon gases. This system will sensing the argon or nitrogen gas leak and will display

on computer monitor system through ethernet. This system can remotely control even

3

there is no person on duty and will giving alert if there any leakage and giving the

exact place where the leak happens.

Since there are dangerous gases used, gas leakage detector is very important for

multiple laboratory purposes. It is a process that can identify potential hazardous gas

leak using sensors. These sensors usually employ an audible alarm to alert people

when a dangerous gas has been detected.

4

1.3 Objectives

Internal leakage and external leakage should be avoided absolutely for security

sake, since they can cause accidents if they occur when highly reactive gases are being

analyzed. Thus, to avoid this incidents a gas leakage detector system is implemented to

achieve some of this objectives.

1) To study about gas tank monitoring method.

2) To design a gas leakage detector through regulator pressure that easier to

monitor.

3) To implement a gas tank leakage detector which complete with alert alarm

and screen monitoring system that can show the specific place of gas

leakage and and at the same time the person on duty can fix the leak as

soon as possible before it getting worst.

1.4 Scopes

This system focus on any places that use flammable or inert gas tank. For now it

focus on Fakulti Biosumber & Industri Makanan (FBIM), University Sultan Zainal

Abidin (UniSZA) or UniSZA Central Lab (UCL) laboratories. Admin also includes to

monitor the tank gas monitoring and leakage system.

5

1.5 Limitation

This system for detecting the gas leakage only for gas tank that install with

pressure regulator. Since this IoT system only use pressure sensor as the leakage

detector.

1.6 Expected Result

Expectations is when the system should be capable of giving a warning of both

the presence and the general location of an accident accumulation of flammable gases,

in order to initiate one or more of the following actions, either automatically or under

manual control. This system is complete with IOT system which is provide better

performance which can monitor and fix easily. This system also can be monitored

remotely.

6

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Expectations is when the system should be capable of giving a warning of

both the presence and the general location of an accident accumulation of

flammable gases, in order to initiate one or more of the following actions, either

automatically or under manual control. This system is complete with IOT system

which is provide better performance which can monitor and fix easily. This system

also can be monitored remotely.

2.2 Research

Based on study, there are few ways to detect gas leakage . For example

detect gas by using image. An infrared source consisting of a fibre coupled InGaAs

laser diode (LASER 2000, LAS-022527) is used to illuminate a high-speed DMD

(Vialux, V-7000) [Gibson, 2017]. There is also a system which uses PZT sensor as

gas detectors. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors were used to detect the arrival

7

time of negative pressure wave (NPW) associated with leakage in a model pipeline

[Zhu J, 2017].

There is also gas leakage detector that can detect earlier process of gas leak

before it happen for example an article mention about earlier gas detection and

alerting system were designed for detecting carbon monoxide and oxygen level in a

vehicle cabin [Jewel M, 2018]. System for sensing each chemical element is costly

and often unaffordable for small research labs. The main objective of our work is to

design a low-cost microcontroller-based gas and air quality detection and monitoring

system for nanofabrication labs. The system is capable of sensing common chemical

species in a fabrication lab like butane, IPA, and acetone. The amount of chemical

species and environmental conditions are shown on an LCD display continuously.

The analog sensor readings are transferred on a computer screen using an Ethernet

module. The system is customizable and sensors readings can be observed remotely

[Jewel M, 2018].

There are few gas sensors that used in existing gas detector for example

MQ137 and MiCS-6814 sensors will be annexed to the microcontroller to sense NH3

and NO2 gases in a fabrication lab [Jewel M, 2018]. Gas sensor MQ2 is a sensor that

detects gases, specifically hydrogen (H2), Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Methane

(CH4), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Alcohol, Propane, Smoke at the atmosphere

[Iskandar, 2018]. MQ-4 gas sensor used to sense poisonous gas and has high

sensitivity to LPG and also response to natural gas [Wassim, 2017].

Since this project is focus only on fewer gases such as Carbon Dioxide(CO2),

Oxigen(O2), Argon(Ar) and Nitrogen(N2) gas. Inert gases, such as argon, do not

support human breathing and a leak of argon into the atmosphere can cause oxygen

levels to deplete, leading to asphyxiation. Normal air usually has an oxygen

concentration of 20.9%. A drop to 19% is enough for some people to suffer

8

physiological effects, whilst a drop to 10% can cause loss of consciousness or even

death. There are few systems that related with laboratory gases are using oxygen gas

sensor to sense the gases mentioned. For example since nitrogen does not have a

color or scent, gases like nitrogen and argon can deplete oxygen from the

environment and it will be seen through the level of oxygen gas by the sensor

[Carrino A, 2016].

If there are fires, a sensor called DHT11 will be used to detect fire

temperature. For example, it is used to sense a high temperature or positive change of

temperature and it will send a pulse to microcontroller and also send an alert message

through android apps and location via GPS through IOT to the nearest fire

station[Iskandar, 2018]. To give the real time response, Espresso lite V2.0 was used

as Wi-Fi module and Blynk act as software that use to display all the reading

[Iskandar,2018].

This IOT system will apply Arduino as the microcontroller for the physical

computing. Research found few articles that use Arduino as the microcontroller for

example Arduino Microcontroller is a source of open electronics prototyping

platform based on flexible, easy to use hardware and software and it is capable to

sense the environment by receiving input signals from different sensors and can

accordingly control different operations[Himanshu T., 2017]. Arduino Uno is also a

part of this project that acts as a microcontroller and espresso can use as Wi-Fi

module for example LPG leakage detector controlled by Arduino Uno using MQ-2

gas sensor to detect the presence of gas leakage and DHT-11 temperature sensor

[Iskandar, 2018]. The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development

environment (IDE), which is a crossplatform application written in the programming

language Java [Anandhakrishnan, 2017].

9

2.3 Summary

This chapter provides an overview of the concept of the application. Based on

research that has been made it show that literature review is one of the important parts

as we can use the technique from the current and existing system to develop the

proposed application. The technique is chosen based on the previous articles and

journal.

10

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Methodology is defined as a set of procedures. The methodology that I used to

develop this gas leakage detector and monitoring system is prototyping model. This

model consist four phases that are applied in order to develop the application. This

model is also used to briefing more details about the four phases that involved in order

to develop this system inclusive the system requirement.

In this section will be described on the design of implementing the system. There

are two parts of design, which is system design and database design. For system design,

it contains of framework diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Besides that, for

database design, it consists Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and data dictionary.

11

3.2 Prototyping Model

Figure 3.1: Prototyping Model

The Prototyping Model is a systems development method in which a prototype

is built, tested, and then reworked until an acceptable prototype is finally accomplished

from which the complete system or product can now be developed. Thus, this model

works best in scenarios where not all of the project requirements are known in detail

ahead of time. This model is an iterative, trial-and-error process that takes place between

the developers and the users. Other than that, a prototype also is a model or a program

which is not based on exact planning but is an early approximation of the final product

or software system. There are 4 phases in the prototype model which are requirement

gathering, quick design, client evaluation, and refined the end functionality.

The advantages of prototyping model are the users can view their requirements

as prototypes as new requirements are being gathered. Besides, the prototyping model

12

has a flexible design and flexibility in development can be achieved and thus a more

accurate end product. Other than that, it also can reduce time and costs and of course,

there is a great involvement of users in software development. Consequently, the

requirements of the users are met to the greatest extent. A systems development life

cycle (SDLC) has three primary objectives which are to ensure that high-quality

systems are delivered, to provide strong management controls over the projects, and to

maximize the productivity of the systems developer.

3.3 Phase 1: Requirement Gathering

This is the first phase and there is no planning involved. Instead of that, this

application being considered by thinking what is needed for making the genuine product

that is going to be developed. This phase is carried out at the earliest stage of each cycle.

In this phase, Software Requirement Specification (SRS) is made. The user is

interviewed in order to know the requirements of the system. The process of gathering

requirements is usually more than simply asking the users what they need and writing

their answers down and also based on research and review on existing system. This is

to make sure there are no data that is left over to put in the project. For modification,

the data of the changes from the old evaluation are being saved and added into the new

system development.

3.4 Phase 2: Quick Design

When requirements gathering phase is done, a preliminary design or quick

design for the system is created. It is not a detailed design and includes only the prime

13

aspects of the system, which gives an idea of the system to the user. A quick design

helps in developing the prototype. The requirement acquired during planning and

requirement phase was analysed and transform into the design. There are some diagrams

such as Framework of the project, Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

level 0, Data Flow Diagram (DFD) level 1, Entity Relation Diagram (ERD) and Data

Dictionary.

3.5 Phase 3: Prototype Evaluated

Prototype evaluated phase is where developer show their prototype to the client

and for this proposed project, it is show to the panel. The panel will evaluated is it satisfy

or not. Plus, in this phase also developer able to know what is lack of the system. Thus,

develop will know is it fulfil the requirement of needed or not.

3.6 Phase 4: Refined the End Functionality

This phase is refined the function that cannot be working. First of all, this phase

begin with brainstorming session with the supervisor to come up with the solution of

the problem that occurred and refined the end functionality for the coding project.

3.7 Requirement

Software and hardware tools are extremely important and essential in

developing this project. In order to accomplish the project, the facilities from hardware

and software must be used. The consumption of these facilities depend on what already

14

provide or has being used. These are details of the requirement for Online Study Group

using real-time technologies.

3.7.1 Hardware Requirement

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

LAPTOP

Processor : Intel Core i5

RAM : 8.00 GB

OS :IOS

SMARTPHONE

Brand : Apple

Model : iPhone X

Model number : MQAJ2LL/A

IOS version : 13.0

USB

Universal Serial Bus

Brand : Apple

Function : Connect the smartphone with the laptop

PRINTER

Function: Print the report

Table 3.1: List of Hardware Requirement

15

3.7.2 Software Requirement

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

Microsoft Office 2013

Microsoft Powerpoint

2013

Function: Used as platform for report writing and

presentation slides.

CSS Template Function: Editor to write PHP coding to develop a

system.

TextEdit Function: developing the code for function and

interface.

Safari Function: medium to find previous research paper.

Microsoft Edge Function: medium to open the project interface.

MySQL Database Function: open source relational database management

system that use Structured Query Language and store

data of the system.

Pusher Real-Time

Technologies

Function: A hosted service that makes it easy to create

real-time data and functionality to web and mobile

applications.

Arduino, Java Function: writing code, run code

Table 3.2: List of Software Requirement

16

3.8 Framework Design

The proposed framework is produced utilizing the NodeMCU. NodeMCU

may be a digital computer which might created and adjusted completely different

ways it permits us to run different projects and moreover bolster distinctive

peripherals that are to ways in which it permits us to run different projects and

moreover bolster numerous peripherals which are to be utilized in our framework

MPX4250AP pressure sensor are introduced on the point of the LPG Supply to

acknowledge the spillage of gas, Once the button edge is achieved it will send an

alarm message to power versatile, The message is sent to Email. LED is cautioned

while gas spillage takes places and furthermore. The sound sign is associated with the

framework. This data is kept in webpage utilizing it. The whole working on the

framework can be accomplished by executing a python code and by introducing the

required sensor libraries. Figure 3.2 below shows the framework of Gas Leakage

Detector and Monitoring System.

Figure 3.2: Framework of Online Study Group using Real-Time Technologies

17

3.9 Process Model

3.9.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

A data flow diagram (DFD) which is maps out the flow of information

for any process or system. DFD is a process which will involve the front-end

users.

Figure 3.3: Data Flow Diagram of Gas Leakage Detector and Monitoring System

3.10 Data Model

3.10.1 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a data modelling technique

that creates a graphical representation of the entities and the relationship

between the entities in a system. On the other hand, ERD is graphical

representations that illustrate the logical structure of database. ERD has four

different components which are entities, relationships, attributes, and

18

cardinalities.

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) for Gas Tank Leakage Detector

and Monitoring System is as shown in Figure 3.4. It consists of four entities.

The entities are admin , staff, monitor sensor and gas tank.

Figure 3.4: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

19

3.10.2 Data Dictionary

Data dictionary for Gas Leakage Detector and Monitoring System is

created. There are 4 tables that are involved in storing data of the system.

UniSZA Central Laboratory(UCL) Staff

No Attribute Type Length Key Description

1 Staff_id Varchar 10 Primary The staff ID when

register

2 Name Varchar 191 The staff name

3 Email Varchar 191 Staff email

4 Department Varchar 100 Foreign Staff department

5 Password Varchar 191 Staff password

Table 3.3: Data Dictionary for Staff

Admin

No Attribute Type Length Key Description

1 Admin_id Varchar 10 Primary The admin ID when

register

2 Name Varchar 191 The admin name

3 Email Varchar 191 Admin email

4 Password Varchar 191 Admin password

Table 3.4: Data Dictionary for Admin

20

Department

No Attribute Type Length Key Description

1 Department_id Varchar 30 Primary Department ID

2 Dpm_name Varchar 191 Department name

3 Dpm_locate Varchar 191 Location of

department

Table 3.5: Data Dictionary for Staff Department

Sensor_Monitor

No

.

Attributes Type Length Key Description

1 Sensor_id varchar 10 Primary Sensor ID

2 Tank_id varchar 10 Foreign Gas tank ID

3 Sensor_reading Varchar 191 Sensor read

4 Sensor_place Varchar 191 Sensor placed at

which tank

Table 3.6: Data Dictionary for Sensor_Monitor

Gas_Tank

No

.

Attribute Type Lengt

h

Key Description

1 Tank_id varchar 10 Primary Gas tank ID

2 Sensor_id varchar 10 Foreign Sensor ID

3 Gas_type varchar 100 Type of gases used

4 Gas_name varchar 100 Gas that filled in the

tank

5 Weight varchar 100 Tank weight

6 Best_before varchar 100 Until when the tank

gas can be used

21

7 Date_install varchar 100 When the gas tank

installation

8 Colour varchar 100

Tank colour

9 Place varchar 100

Where the gas tank is

placed

Table 3.7: Data Dictionary for Gas_Tank

22

3.11 Proof of Concept

Figures below show the prototype for Gas Tank Leakage Detector and

Monitoring System for Admin and Staff.

Figure 3.5: Prototype front page for admin

23

Figure 3.6: Prototype of front page for staff

24

Figure 3.7: Prototype of tank list for Admin and Staff

Figure 3.8: Prototype gas tank details for Admin and Staff

25

Figure 3.9: Prototype of Sensor list page for Admin and Staff

Figure 3.10: Prototype of Sensor details for Admin and Staff

26

Figure 3.11: Prototype of UCL Staff list for Admin

Figure 3.12: Prototype of Staff profile for admin

27

Figure 3.13 Prototype of Leakage History List

28

Figure 3.14: Prototype of Alert Message on website

Figure 3.15: Prototype of Alert Message on mobile phone

29

3.12 Solution Complexity

3.12.1 Hybrid Technique

Hybrid mobile apps is the combine features of smartphone apps and

web apps. They are written in HTML5 and JavaScript, similar like web apps.

Mostly, they are web pages wrapped in a mobile app using WebView.

Nevertheless, they also have access to the built-in capabilities of a device.

Normally, they are built using cross-platform frameworks like React, Ionic,

Sencha and Xamarin. But for this project, I am using Laravel 5.7. Laravel is a

free, open-source PHP web framework and intended for the development of

web applications following the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural

pattern and based on Symfony. Therefore, HTML5 framework it needs a

native wrapper like Cordova in order to run as a native app.

Apache Cordova is a Hybrid application that uses standard web

technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript for cross-platform

complaint development. These applications execute inside wrappers targeted

platform. They access various device functions via standards-compliant API

bindings. We can extend a web application to be packaged and distribute it as a

mobile application on various platform using apache Cordova.

30

3.12.2 Algorithm

Figure 3.16: Algorithm of solution complexity of system

3.13 Summary

In this chapter, we describe the methodology that used by Gas Leakage

Detector and Monitoring System which is prototyping model. It also explains about

data model, process model, proof of concept, hardware and software requirement and

solution complexity that are used in this project that was guided to the success of this

project.

31

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camera. Optics express, 25(4), 2998-3005.

[2] Jewel, M. U., DasGupta, B., & Valles, D. (2018). Gas and Air Quality Detection, and

Monitoring Using Embedded System for Nanofabrication Facility. In Proceedings of

the International Conference on Embedded Systems, Cyber-physical Systems, and

Applications (ESCS) (pp. 45-48). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in

Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp).

[3] Mohd Iskandar, A. A. (N.D.)(2018).An LPG Leakage Detector System Using IoT) in

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[4] Siddiqui, M. W., Mishra, H. M., & undefined, K. undefined. (2017). LPG Leakage

Detection and Prevention. (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-5, ISSN: 2454-1362.

[5] Zhu, J., Ren, L., Ho, S. C., Jia, Z., & Song, G. (2017). Gas pipeline leakage

detection based on PZT sensors. Smart Materials and Structures, 26(2), 025022.

[6] Carrino A. (2016). Oxygen Monitors for Nitrogen, Argon, or Cryogenics.

[7] H. T., & A. P. (2017). Arduino Based Gas Leakage Detecting System. IJARIIE-

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APPENDIX

A) Gantt Chart (FYP 1)

Week/Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Final Year Project 1

Topic

Discussion

and

Determination

Project Title

Proposal

Introduction

Literature

Review

Proposal

Presentation

and Review

Discussion

and

Correction

Proposal

Methodology

Proof Of

Concept

34

Draft Report

Draft

Submission to

Supervisor

Seminar

Presentation

Report Correction

Final Report Submission

35

B) Gantt Chart (FYP 2)

Week/Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Final Year Project 2

Design

Interface

Implementation

And

Development

Presentation 1

Documentation

Integrated

added value

Testing

Seminar

Presentation

Draft Report

Draft

Submission to

Supervisor

Report

Correction

Final Report

Submission