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SCIENCE, VOL. 1381298

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fornia (Albany), Harris ResearchLaboratories (Washington, D.C.), WoolBureau (New York), and textile firmsnear Boston.

G. B. Sharman, of the division ofwildlife research, plans to visit Swarth-more, Cornell, Smith, Rice, and DukeUniversities, as well as the Universi-ties of British Columbia and California(Berkeley and Los Angeles), duringhis visit from 27 January to 26 Febru-ary.

Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., Founda-tion international awards for out-standing achievement in research onmental retardation have been awardedto:

Samuel A. Kirk, director, Universityof Illinois Research Institute, for hiswork in education of the retarded,$25,000, plus $50,000 in support ofhis research program; Ivar Asbj0rnF0lling, retired chief, Oslo, Norway,University Hospital Clinical Labora-tory, for his discovery of phenylketo-nuria, $25,000.

Each of the following received one-third of a $25,000 award:

Murray L. Barr, head, microscopicanatomy department, University ofOntario, for his discovery of sexchromatin; Jerome Lejeune, director,department of human genetics, Uni-versity of Paris, for his discovery ofchromosomal abnormality in mongol-ism; Joe Hin Tjio, visiting scientistfrom Indonesia, at NIH, discoverer ofthe exact number of chromosomes inman. Barr and Lejeune also received$25,000 for further research.The National Association for Re.

tarded Children was also honored witha $50,000 award for lay leadership,in their public information program.

Appointments to the National Mag-net Laboratory at M.I.T.: ArthurFreeman, formerly with the OrdnanceMaterials Research Office; Jacek Fur-dyna, former research associate at theMaterials Research Center, Northwest-ern University; and Peter Carden, re-search engineer on leave from theAustralian University at Canberra.

Lt. Col. William Hausman, formerlychief of psychiatry at Letterman Gen-eral Hospital, has been named headof the Army's newly formed behavioralsciences research branch, at the Medi-cal Research and Development Com-mand, Washington, D.C.

1320

Paul R. Saunders, professor of phar-macology and associate dean of medi-cal education in the University ofSouthern California school of medicine,has been named to head the new de-partment of biological sciences, whichwill be established at the university1 January.

Appointments to Michigan StateUniversity's mechanical engineeringfaculty: Harold G. Elrod, formerlyprofessor of engineering science atColumbia University; Matthew A. Med-ick, former senior staff scientist forAvco Corp.; Shankar Lal, visiting pro-fessor at Michigan State, former headof mechanical engineering at ThaparInstitute of Engineering and Tech-nology, India.

The following new division chiefshave been appointed at the NASAOffice of Advanced Research andTechnology group on biotechnologyand human research:

Robert F. Trapp, former director ofradiation hazards studies for nuclearpilots at Douglas Aircraft Co., chiefof the man-system integration division.M. G. Del Duca, former director

of research idi environmental controlsfor space vehicles at Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge, chief of the biotechnologydivision.

Frank B. Voris, Capt., USN, trans-ferred from the aerospace medicinegroup in NASA's office of mannedspace flight, chief of the human researchsection.

Vincent D. Roth, of the Universityof California Agricultural ExtensionService, El Centro, has been namedresident director of the AmericanMuseum of Natural History's South-western Research Station, near Portal,Arizona.

W. Albert Noyes, Jr., of the Uni-versity of Rochester, will be visitingprofessor of chemistry at the Universityof Texas for the 1963 spring semester.

Xenia Machne, formerly of the Uni-versity of Illinois, has become asso-ciate professor of physiology at TulaneUniversity School of Medicine.

Thomas E. Mitcheli, a

Nuclear-Chicago Corp.,named vice president andresearch for the firm.

director ofhas beendirector of

James L. Dyson, head of geologydepartment of Lafayette College,Easton, Pa., has received the 1962Phi Beta Kappa science award forhis book, The World of Ice.

Aaron S. Posner, physical chemist inthe National Institute of Dental Re-search Laboratory of Histology andPathology, has been named chief ofthe laboratory's new crystal chemistrysection.

Lawrence Curtis, director of theFort Worth Zoological Park, waselected president of the Texas Acad-emy of Science for 1963-64.

Robert M. Fitch, polymer chemistwith the DuPont company, has joinedthe staff of North Dakota State Uni-versity's department of polymers andcoatings.

Bernard A. Lippmann, of the Uni-versity of California's Lawrence Ra-diation Laboratory, has been appointedto the newly created post of directorof physics at Defense Research Cor-poration, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Recent Deaths

Percy Cudlipp; editor The New Sci-entist, in London; 5 Nov.

Taylor Hinton, 45; geneticist, formerassociate zoology professor, UCLA;28 Nov.

Wencelas S. Jardetzky, 66; trans-lation editor for the American Geo-physical Union; retired mechanicsprofessor, Manhattan College; 21 Oct.

Joseph L. Pawsey, 54; assistantchief, division of radiophysics, Aus-tralian Commonwealth Scientific andIndustrial Research Organization; 30Nov.

Granvflle M. Read, 68; retired chiefengineer, the DuPont Company; 1 Dec.

Joseph F. C. Rock, 79; research pro-fessor of oriental studies, Universityof Hawaii; 5 Dec.

John J. Thornber, 90; retired pro-fessor of agriculture, University ofArizona; 22 Nov.Gordon Herschel Tucker, 53; zool-

ogy professor, San Diego State Col-lege; 27 Nov.

Israel S. Weschler, 76; chief of serv-ice in neurology, Mt. Sinai Hospital;former president, American Neuro-logical Association; 6 Dec.

SCIENCE, VOL. 138

(adoptive immunity, Billingham) andto methods for procuring thoracic ductlymphocytes (Wilson).

Finally, attention is drawn to anoften neglected subject-that of main-taining a strictly inbred colony of ani-mals (Silvers). This includes a carefulaccount of the principles and proce-dures required for producing andmaintaining pure animal strains, effi-cient and accurate ways for keepingrecords, and means for appraising theisogenicity of inbred strains of animals.The book is well illustrated and

interesting to read; each chapter in-cludes a fairly detailed bibliography.

BERTIE F. ARGYRISDepartment of Zoology,Syracuse University

Notes

Ecological Vocabulary

Herbert Hanson's Dictionary of-Ecology (Philosophical Library, NewYork, 1962. 382 pp. $10) is analphabetically arranged vocabulary,with definitions, of more than 3000terms often encountered in ecologicalliterature. The terms are defined suc-cinctly and well. Some definitions weretaken from Carpenter's EcologicalGlossary (University of OklahomaPress, 1938; reprinted by Hafner,1956) and from Forestry Terminology(Society of American Foresters, ed. 3,1958), but most are Hanson's own.No bias for or against any particular

school of ecology is evident in the termschosen for inclusion or in the defini-tions. An effort was made to present asfull a spectrum of ecological thinking aspossible. Current ecological trends,such as the de-emphasis of Clements'terminology and the attempted isolationof splinter groups behind a specializedterminology, are evident in the latitudeor tentativeness of some definitions, thesimplicity or naturalness of others, theomission of some terms, and the rea-sonableness in general. Hanson agreeswith the first trend, not with the second.Hanson had immense experience in

plant ecology and an open and inquir-ing attitude; the catholicism of histastes and the breadth of his under-standing are nicely reflected in his dic-tionary. Perhaps a third of the termsare uniquely ecological; many strangeones are from genetics, animal ecologyand behavior, geography, range man-agement and forestry, and soil science.

13,26

Statistical terminology is almost en-tirely omitted.

Most of the terms are widely usedin ecology. Some are not. It is not un-fortunate that the latter have been in-cluded, since most can replace moreextensive verbiage (and all editorswant shorter papers), but no oneshould attempt to use this dictionaryas a source for ecological terminology.If a writer is not sufficiently familiarwith certain terms to use them withsome contextual feeling, these defini-tions will not provide that context. Thebook should find most use by thoseecologists who read widely enough tobecome acquainted with ecologicallyinteresting work by authors with adifferent background and vocabulary.

Critical users will wish for referencesto usages, but Hanson does not supplythese. Carpenter did, to some extent.Hanson's list of current ecological andrelated texts offers a library for sup-plementary reading. About two-thirdsof Carpenter's glossary was estimatedby 0. W. Richards to be useless orsynonymous terms. Hanson has weededout many of these, but some had to beretained because of historical interestand usage. Not more than a third (andnot the ecological third) of Hanson'sterms are probably useless.

It is to be .hoped that individualswill use this volume not as a bible butas a point of departure. Most readerswill find a few places they can improve.My changes would include: Correc-tion of the spelling of the chiono-com-binations, refusal to use character asan adjective, reminder that erg is alsoan energy unit, cross reference fromgilgai to mima-type microrelief, revisionof terms related to Schneetiilchen, andso forth.

JACK MAJORDepartment of Botany,University of California, Berkeley

New Books

Biological and Medical Sciences

Actions of Radiations on Living Cells.D. E. Lea. Cambridge Univ. Press, NewYork, 1962 (reprint of ed. 2, 1955). 429pp. Illus. Paper, $2.95.

Biophysics. Concepts and mechanisms.E. J. Casey. Reinhold, New York; Chap-man and Hall, London, 1962. 351 pp.Illus. $7.95.Bone Marrow Therapy and Protection

in Irradiated Primates. Proceedings of theinternational symposium held at Rijswijk,Netherlands, August 1962. Radiobiologi-cal Institute. T.N.O., The Hague (avail-able from R. R. Overman, Univ. of Ten-

nessee, Memphis, 1962. 458 pp. Illus.Paper, $4.Drugs in Psychoanalysis and Psycho-

therapy. Mortimer Ostow. Basic Books,New York, 1962. 360 pp. Illus. $8.50.The Enzymes. vol. 6, Group Transfer

Synthesis Coupled to ATP Cleavage. PaulD. Boyer, Henry Lardy, and Karl Myr-back, Eds. Academic Press, New York,ed. 2, 1962. 704 pp. Illus. $20.

Frontiers in Brain Research. John D.French, Ed. Columbia Univ. Press, NewYork, 1962. 297 pp. Illus. $9.

Irritation and Counterirritation. A hy-pothesis about the autoamputative prop-erty of the nervous system. Adolphe D.Jonas. Vantage Press, New York, 1962.368 pp. Illus. $7.50.

Kreislaufdiagnostik mit der Farbstoff-verduinnungsmethode. R. Hegglin, W. Ru-tishauser, G. Kaufmann, E. Liithy, H.Scheu. Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany, 1962.335 pp. Illus. DM. 66.

Laboratory Manual for IntroductoryMycology. C. J. Alexopoulos and E. S.Beneke. Burgess, Minneapolis, Minn.,1962. 204 pp. Illus. Paper, $4.25.

Life: Origin and Development. GostaEhrensviird. Univ. of Chicago Press,Chicago, 1962. 173 pp. Illus. $4.50.Modern Problems in Ophthalmology.

vol. 2, Bibliotheca Ophthalmologica. E. B.Streiff, Ed. Karger, Basel, Switzerland,1962. 217 pp. Illus. $13.Oxygenases. Osamu Hayaishi, Ed. Ac-

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Processing Neuroelectric Data. WalterA. Rosenblith, Ed. Massachusetts Inst.of Technology Press, Cambridge, 1962(reprint of 1959 edition). 136 pp. Illus. $4.

Selected Papers, Kaj Linderstrom-Lang.Selected by an international committee.Danish Science Press, Copenhagen; Ac-ademic Press, New York, 1962. 584 pp.Illus. $17.

Sensory Communication. A symposiumheld at Dedham, Mass., July-August 1959.Walter A. Rosenblith, Ed. MassachusettsInst. of Technology Press, Cambridge,1961. 858 pp. Illus. $16.Space Medicine. Ursula T. Slager.

Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,1962. 399 pp. Illus. $11.

Starfishes. And their relations. Ailsa M.Clark. British Museum (Natural History),London, 1962. 119 pp. flIus. Paper, ils.The Student Physician as Psychothera-

pist. Ralph W. Heine, Ed. Univ. of Chi-cago Press, Chicago, 1962. 254 pp. $5.Symposmim on Muscle Receptors. Pro-

ceedings of the September, 1961 meeting.David Barker, Ed. Hong Kong Univ.Press, Hong Kong; Oxford Univ. Press,New York, 1962. 300 pp. Illus. $12.Textbook of Virology. For students and

practitioners of medicine. A. J. Rhodesand C. E. van Rooyen. Williams andWilkins, Baltimore, Md., ed. 4, 1962.616 pp. Illus. $13.50.

Third World Congress of Psychiatry,Proceedings. vols. 1 and 2. R. A. Cleg-horn, Ed. Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto,Canada, 1962. 1483 pp. Illus. $35.

Traite de Blochimie Gen6rale. vol. 2,Les Agents des Syntheses et des Dt6grada-tions Biochimiques. P. Boulanger and J.Polonovski, Eds. Masson, Paris, 1962. 706pp. Illus. Paper, NF. 150; cloth, NF. 155.

SCIENCE, VOL. 138

LettersOn the Chemistry of Inert Gases

The report in Science [138, 136(1962)] describing the synthesis of xe-

non tetrafluoride appeared just as I was

explaining to my large introductorycourse in biology (we call it that, thoughliving organisms don't appear untilabout Christmas) that inert gases haveno chemistry. Of course I have had tocomment on it, particularly since boththe report and the accompanying edi-torial emphasized only the shattering offormer idols, with no suggestion of an

explanation. All honor to the men whoupset the idols, but now that one has tothink again, is there not a reasonablystraightforward explanation of suchcompounds, so that-as with all thebest discoveries-their existence shouldhave been anticipated?

The view that an outer shell of eightelectrons-as in all the inert gases be-yond helium-represents ultimate sta-bility carries also the implication thatthe maximum number of covalent bondsshould be four, filling one s and three p

orbitals. To explain the existence ofsuch familiar compounds, however, as

PCI5 and SFo one invokes the principleof the "expanded octet," expanded inthese instances by employing d in addi-tion to s and p orbitals. The third pe-

riod of the periodic system, in whichsulfur and phosphorus occur, is closedwhen the octet is completed (when thes and p orbitals are filled), as in argon

(2-8-8). Yet the third electron shellwill eventually hold 18 electrons, as itdoes in krypton (2-8-18-8), owing tothe filling of the five additional d orbi-tals; and elements in the third periodcan expand beyond the octet byborrow-ing againstthis potentiality. No such com-pounds as PCh. and SF6 appear in thesecond period, since no d orbitals are

available. If other elements in the thirdperiod can expand beyond an octet on

the basis of 3d orbitals, why not theinert gas argon that closes the period?

The electronic formula of xenon

(atomic number 54) is 2-8-18-18-8.The outermost shell of xenon will even-

tually go from 8 to 18 electrons, as inradon (atomic number 86: 2-8-18-32-18-8), by filling its five 5d orbitals withfive additional pairs of electrons. Thismight be expected, therefore, to offer a

bonding possibility. Actually, however,

the energies of the 6s and 6p orbitalsare close in this case to those of the 5d

1350

orbitals, so that any expansion beyondthe inert gas structure might be expect-ed to involve hybridization of all threetypes.

Similarly, compounds of radon mightbe expected to involve the hybridizationof 6d and 7s orbitals, and compoundsof krypton, hybridization of 4d and 5s(also 5p?) orbitals. Indeed, compoundsof argon, if such can be prepared, mightinvolve a similar hybridization of 4sand 3d (also 4p?) orbitals rather than3d orbitals alone.

If these are the lines of a correctexplanation, it should be exceedinglydifficult ever to prepare compounds ofhelium, in which the single Is orbital isfilled and no others are available; or ofneon, in which the 2s and 2p orbitalsare filled and no others are available.(In these cases hybridization with orbi-tals on the next shells is very unlikelybecause of large energy gaps.)

Obviously I am not the one to saythese things; and really I am not saying,but asking them.

GEORGE WALDBiological Laboratories,Harvard University,Cambridge, Massachusetts

On the Recent DiscoveriesConcerning Jupiter and Venus

In the light of recent discoveries ofradio waves from Jupiter and of thehigh surface temperature of Venus, we

think it proper and just to make thefollowing statement.On 14 October 1953, Immanuel

Velikovsky, addressing the Forum ofthe Graduate College of Princeton Uni-versity in a lecture entitled "Worlds inCollision in the Light of Recent Findsin Archaeology, Geology and Astron-omy: Refuted or Verified?," concludedthe lecture as follows: "The planet Ju-piter is cold, yet its gases are in motion.It appears -probable to me that it sendsout radio noises as do the sun and thestars. I suggest that this be investi-gated."

Soon after that date, the text of thelecture was deposited with each of us[it is printed as supplement to Veli-kovsky's Earth in Upheaval (Double-day, 1955)]. Eight months later, in June1954, Velikovsky, in a letter, requestedAlbert Einstein to use his influence tohave Jupiter surveyed for radio emis-sion. The letter, with Einstein's mar-ginal notes commenting on this pro-

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PERKIN-ELMERSCIENCE, VOL. 138

'ET BIG-INSTRUMENT'ERFORMANCE:ROM A COMPACT,.OW-COST UV-VISiPECTROPHOTOMETER-'HE P-E MODEL 202here are three ways to assess the Model32 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer: (1) as a

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1352

posal, is before us. Ten more monthspassed, and on 5 April 1955 B. F.Burke and K. L. Franklin of the Car-negie Institution announced the chancedetection of strong radio signals ema-nating from Jupiter. They recorded thesignals for several weeks before theycorrectly identified the source.

This discovery came as something ofa surprise because radio astronomershad never expected a body as cold asJupiter to emit radio waves (1).

In 1960 V. Radhakrishnah of Indiaand J. A. Roberts of Australia, workingat California Institute of Technology,established the existence of a radiationbelt encompassing Jupiter, "giving 10"times as much radio energy as the VanAllen belts around the earth."On 5 December 1956, through the

kind services of H. H. Hess, chairmanof the department of geology of Prince-ton University, Velikovsky submitted amenmorandum to the U.S. NationalCommittee for the (planned) IGY inwhich he suggested the existence of aterrestrial magnetosphere reaching themoon. Receipt of the memorandumwas acknowledged by E. 0. Hulburtfor the Committee. The magnetospherewas discovered in 1958 by Van Allen.

In the last chapter of his Worlds inCollision (1950) ,Velikovsky stated thatthe surface of Venus must be very hot,even though in 1950 the temperatureof the cloud surface of Venus wasknown to be -25°C on the day andnight sides alike.

In 1954 N. A. Kozyrev (2) observedan emission spectrum from the nightside of Venus but ascribed it to dis-charges in the upper layers of its atmo-sphere. He calculated that the tempera-ture of the surface of Venus must be+ 30°C; somewhat higher values werefound earlier by Adel and Herzberg. Aslate as 1959, V. A. Firsoff arrived at afigure of + 17.5°C for the mean surfacetemperature of Venus, only a littleabove the mean annual temperature ofthe earth (+ 14.2°C) (3).

However, by 1961 it became knownthat the surface temperature of Venusis "almost 600 degrees [K]" (4). F. D.Drake described this discovery as "asurprise . . . in a field in which thefewest surprises were expected." "Wewould have expected a temperatureonly slightly greater than that of theearth. . . . Sources of internal heating[radioactivity] will not produce an en-hanced surface temiperature." CornellH. Mayer writes (5), "All the observa-

tions are consistent with a-temperatureof almost 600 degrees," and admits that"the temperature is much higher thananyone would have predicted."

Although we disagree with Veli-kovsky's theories, we feel impelled tomake this statement to establish Veli-kovsky's priority of prediction of thesetwo points and to urge, in view of theseprognostications, that his other conclu-sions be objectively re-examined.

V. BARGMANNDepartment of Physics,Princeton University,Princeton, New Jersey

LLOYD MOTZDepartment of Astronomy,Columbia University, New York

References

1. See also the New York Times for 28 October1962.

2. N. A. Kozyrev, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ.12 (1954).

3. Science News 1959, 52 (Summer 1959).4. Phys. Today 14, No. 4, 30 (1961).5. C. H. Mayer, Sci. Am. 204 (May 1961).

Lunar Influence on

Precipitation PatternsI read with much interest the report

by Bradley, Woodbury, and Brier[Science 137, 748 (1962)] and the re-port from Australia by Adderley andBowen [ibid. 137, 749 (1962)] dealingwith possible lunar influence on precipi-tation patterns. I would like to offerthe following as testimony relative tothe findings reported.About 10 years ago I was working

on weekly rainfall totals and their ef-fect on corn yields for 15 counties incentral Indiana. From folklore I hadlearned that precipitation was morelikely to occur during the week follow-ing a new moon and the week follow-ing a full moon than at other times,so I proceeded to test this idea. Tomy amazement I found some agree-ment. After applying several statisticaltreatments to the data I produced ashort manuscript as well as an outlinesuggesting some further investigationsalong this line. I need not relate herethe review comments or the outcomeof the proposed investigations. In short,the whole matter was dropped.

Best wishes to all the authors intheir further investigations.

JAMES E. NEWMANDepartment of Agronomy, PurdueUniversity, Lafayette, Indiana

SCIENCE, VOL. 138

- - ..'..

MeetingsForthcoming Events

January18-19. Blood, annual symp., Detroit,

Mich. (G. F. Anderson, Dept. of Physiol-ogy and Pharmacology, Wayne StateUniv., 1401 Rivard St., Detroit 7)

21-23. Chemistry and Biochemistry ofSeed Proteins, intern. conf., New Orleans,La. (C. H. Fisher, Southern UtilizationResearch and Development Div., Agri-cultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. ofAgriculture, P.O. Box 19687, New Or-leans 19)

21-23. Institute of the Aerospace Sci-ences, annual, New York, N.Y. (IAS, 2E. 64 St., New York 21)

21-24. American Meteorological Soc.,annual, New York, N.Y. (R. L. Pfeffer,Lamont Geological Observatory, ColumbiaUniv., Palisades, N.Y.)

21-24. Advances in Gas Chromatog-raphy, intern. symp., Houston, Tex. (A.Zlatkis, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Hous-ton, Houston)

22. Infectious Diseases of the Heartand Circulation, conf., New York, N.Y.(C. A. R. Connor, New York Heart As-soc., 10 Columbus Circle, New York 19)

22-24. Reliability and Quality Control,natl. symp., San Francisco, Calif. (L. W.Ball, Boeing Co., P.O. Box 3707, Seattle24, Wash.)

23-25. Elevated Temperature Mechan-ics, intern. conf., 3rd Navy StructuralMechanics Symp., New York, N.Y. (byinvitation). (A. M. Freudenthal, 624 MuddBldg., Columbia Univ., New York 27)

23-26. American Assoc. of PhysicsTeachers, New York, N.Y. (R. P. Winch,Williaks College, Williamstown, Mass.)

23-26. American Group PsychotherapyAssoc., annual, Washington, D.C. (AGPA,1790 Broadway, New York 19)24-27. American Mathematical Soc.,

annual, Berkeley, Calif. (AMS, 190 HopeSt., Providence 6, R.I.)

25-6. International College of Surgeons,West Indies congr., aboard S.S. SantaRosa. (Secretariat, 1516 Lake Shore Dr.,Chicago 10, Ill.)

26. Association for Symbolic Logic,Berkeley, Calif. (T. Hailperin, Dept. ofMathematics, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem,Pa.)

26-28. Mathematical Assoc. of Amer-ica, annual, Berkeley, Calif. (H. M. Geh-man, Univ. of Buffalo, Buffalo 14, N.Y.)

27-1. American Inst. of Electrical En-gineers, winter general meeting, NewYork, N.Y. (R. S. Gardner, AIEE, 33 W.39 St., New York 18)

28-2. American Library Assoc., Chi-cago, Ill. (D. H. Clift, ALA, 50 E. HuronSt., Chicago 11)

28-2. Body Composition, conf., NewYork, N.Y. (J. Brozek, Dept. of Psychol-ogy, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.)

30-1. Military Electronics, natl. winterconvention, Los Angeles, Calif. (F. P.Adler, Space Systems Div., Hughes Air-craft Co., Culver City, CalifJ

31-1. American Soc. for EngineeringEducation, college-industry conf., Atlanta,Ga. (W. L. Collins, Univ. of Illinois, Ur-bana)21 DECEMBER 1962

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PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

The new Honeywell Model 52A Stro-bonar Electronic Flash Unit is a ver-satile and economical light source forall types of photomicrography, blackand white or color.

Concentric with the electronic flashtube is an incandescent light withwhich the unit is positioned for cor-rect light reflection. Users report in-tensity of flash is excellent even atmaximum magnification. Absence ofheat protects specimens from physicalchange and warping.A universal bracket fits the unit formany assignments in both laboratoryand field. The 52A can be flashed byany camera synchronized for elec-tronic flash. Specify: Model 52A Stro-bonar Electronic Flash; 11OV-AC, 90Watts; 16 ft. cord; 3 lbs.; 8" x 4Y2" x 5".

For illustrated folder on the 52A StrobonarElectronic Flash, please write: DavidM66re, --Mail Station 209, Honeywell,Heiland Division, Denver 10, Colorado.

Honeywell

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31-1. Society of Rheology, annual west-ern regional meeting, Emeryville, Calif.(T. L. Smith, Stanford Research Inst.,Menlo Park, Calif.)

31-2. Western Soc. for Clinical Re-search, annual, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Calif.(H. R. Warner, Latter-day Saints Hospital,Dept. of Physiology, Salt Lake City 3,Utah)

February

4-8. Rice Genetics and Cytogenetics,symp., Los Banios, Laguna, Philippines.(Inter. Rice Research Inst., Manila Hotel,Manila; Philippines)

4-9. Recent Trends in Iron and SteelTechnology, symp., Jamshedpur, India.(Secretary, Indian Inst. of Metals, 31Chowringhee Rd., Calcutta, India)

4-20. Application of Science and Tech-nology for the Benefit of Less DevelopedAreas, U.N. conference, Geneva, Switzer-land. (Science Conference Staff, Agencyfor International Development, 826 StateDept. Annex 1, Washington 25)

5-14. International Radio Consulta-tive Committee, Plan Subcommittee forAsia, New Delhi, India. (V. Barthoni, 128rue de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland)

6-9. American College of Radiology,Chicago, 11. (F.- H. Squire, Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, 1753 W. CongressSt., Chicago 12)

8-18. United Nations Committee onIndustry and Natural Resources in Asiaand the Far East, Bangkok, Thailand.(S. Santitham, Rajadamnern Ave., Bang-kok)

10-15. Management Function in Re-search and Development, conf., Pasadena,Calif. (Management Development Section,Industrial Relations Center, CaliforniaInst. of Technology, Pasadena)

10-16. Planned Parenthood, intern.conf., Singapore. (V. Houghton, Intern.Planned Parenthood Federation, 69 Ec-cleston Sq., London, S.W.1, England)

11-14. American Soc. of Heating, Re-frigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engi-neers, New York, N.Y. (R. C. Cross, 345E. 47th St., New York 17)

11-14. Industrial Lubrication, intern.conf. and exhibit, London, England. (E.V. Paterson, Scientific Lubrication, 217aKensington High St., London W.8)

11-15. Quantum Electronics, intern.symp., Paris, France. (Secretariat, Troi-sieme Congres International d'Electro-nique Quantique, 7 rue de Madrid, Paris8')

12-14. Lysozomes, symp. (by invita-tion), London, England. (Ciba Founda-tion, 41 Portland P1., London W.1)

13-15. Electrochemistry, 1st Australianconf., part I, Sydney, Australia. (F. Gut-mann, Physical Chemistry Dept., Univ.of New South Wales, Kensington, N.S.W.,Australia)

13-16. National Soc. of CollegeTeachers of Education, Chicago, Ill. (E.J. Clark, Indiana State College, TerreHaute)

14-15. American Soc. for Quality Con-trol, Textile and Needles Trades Div., an-nual conf., Clemson, S.C. (H. F. Littleton,c/o Charles H. Bacon Co., Lenoir City,Tenn.)(See 23 November issue for comprehensive list) I

Keeymionkeys thriving...FEED PURINA!Monkeys require 25 mgs. of vitamin C daily fortheir health. Purina, the world's largest maker oflaboratory animal diets, produces Purina MonkeyChow. It contains stabilized vitamin C and othernutrients monkeys need for good reproduction, lac-tation, growth and health.

You can depend on the complete line of PurinaLaboratory Chows to help give you optimum results.Order the Chows you need from your local Purinafeed dealer. Locate his Checkerboard Store by look-ing under "feed" in the Yellow Pages of yourtelephone book or by writing to the address below.

For more information on the feeding and care oflaboratory animals, write for the free, 40-pagePurina Laboratory Manual. Address your requestto Ralston Purina Company, Checkerboard Square,St. Louis 2, Missouri.

What to feedAnimalMiceRatsGuinea PigsMonkeysRabbitsDogsCatsHamsters

laboratory animalsPurina ChowMouse Breeder ChowLab Chow or LabenaGuinea Pig ChowMonkey ChowRabbit ChowDog ChowCat ChowLab Chow or Labena

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SCIENCE, VOL. 138