gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch briquettes in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for...
TRANSCRIPT
Gasification of Oil Palm EFB Briquettes in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier for Bio-Syngas Production
- Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma -
4th Conference On Emerging Energy And Process Technology (CONCEPT 2015), A’Famosa Resort, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia.
Arshad Ahmad, Anwar Johari, Tuan A. T. Abdullah, Olagoke Oladokun
• Introduction
• Aim of Study
• Experimental
• Results
• Conclusion
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Outline…
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Introduction
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• Malaysia > 2nd largest producer & exporter of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) > 400 palm oils mills & 4.5 million hectares
• Agriculture accounts for 12 % GNI, Palm oil >> 8 % or over RM 80 billion annually
• CPO production >> Solid Biomass (Lignocellulosic) waste • 83 million dry tonnes; 100 million by 2020
• Solid Waste >> Palm Fronds (OPF), Palm Kernel (OPK), Palm Fibre (OPMF), Largest >> Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB)
Introduction
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• Current conversion technologies – open air burning, incineration, landfilling, Organic fertilizers
• Wood products, bioenergy, bioethanol and bio-based green chemicals
• Methods inefficient, outdated, & unsustainable
• Address challenges of OPW accumulation.
Introduction
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• National Biomass Strategy 2020 est. in 2013 to focus on valorisation of oil palm biomass (OPB).
• 20 million tonnes (25 %) of OPB by 2020 for higher-value products
• Increase national income GNI by RM 30 billion
• NBS2020 >> meet renewable energy (5 %) target
• Reduce GHG emissions & Create 66,000 jobs
Introduction
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• Valorization of OPW into clean energy, biofuels, power generation
• Thermochemical – Pyrolysis, Gasification, Torrefaction, Co-firing >> Bio-Syngas, Liq. biofuels, Biochar, Biocoal
• Biochemical – Anaerobic Digestion (AD), Fermentation >> Biogas, Bio-Methane
Introduction
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Numerous challenges impede progress…
• Biomass properties – • high moisture, inhomogeneous sized,
high alkali content, & low energy density
• Efficiency of Conversion technologies• Biomass Combustion in Boilers, Incineration
Introduction
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• High moisture >> • low conversion efficiency, corrosion,
op. problems, leaks, fugitive emissions
• High alkali content >>• fouling, agglomeration & sintering
• Inhomogeneous nature >>• handling, storage & logistics
• Low energy density >>• conversion efficiency, product gas yield
Introduction
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• Pre-Conditioning• Drying, Mechanical Fractionation >> reduce
moisture, bulky nature
• Pre-treatment Techniques • Pelletization, Torrefaction >> improve heating
value, energy density, logistics
• Efficient Conversion Techniques• Gasification, Pyrolysis, >> product yield,
composition, energy density
Solutions
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Aim of Study
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Aim of Study
• Pre-Treatment & pelletization of OPW >> Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches into Briquettes (OPEFB-B)
• Estimate Alkali Index >> predict fouling, agglomeration potential
• Gasification of OPEFB-B in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier (BFBG)
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GasificationSolutions
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SolutionsAir Gasification of OPEFB-B
Typical products of biomass Gasification >>
• Gas (Bio-Syngas, CO2, CH4, CnH2n)
• Solid char – High CV Biochar
• Liquid Tar -
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Experimental
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Experimental
• Biomass Characterization of OPEFB-B >>• Ultimate, Proximate, Calorific, Thermal Analysis
• Alkali Content (Na, Mg, Ca, K) Index >> • Xray Fluorescence (XRF) predict fouling,
agglomeration potential of OPEFB-B
• Air Gasification of OPEFB-B >>• Using Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier (BFBG)
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Experimental
• Gasification of OPEFB-B in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier (BFBG)
• In-house 4.5 kW allothermal gasifier
• Through put (Feedrate) of 0.9 kg/hr
• Temperature of 600 – 800 °C & Atm. pressure
• Equivalence ratio; λ=0.25
• Air & Silica sand >> Gasification Agent & Medium
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Results
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ResultsCharacterization of OPEFB-B
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ResultsCharacterization of OPEFB-B (Thermal Analysis)
A B C
• High Thermal Conversion • Carbon Conversion >> 80 %
• High Residual Mass with increase in HR• Selectivity of products
• Conversion is 3 stages : drying, pyrolysis, char aggregation
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ResultsAlkali Index - Xray Fluorescence (XRF) predict fouling, agglomeration potential of OPEFB-B
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ResultsAlkali Index - Xray Fluorescence (XRF) agglomeration potential of OPEFB-B
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Results Air Gasification of OPEFB-B
Gas (Bio-Syngas, CO2, CH4, CnH2n)
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Results Gas (Bio-Syngas, CO2, CH4, CnH2n)
• OPEFB-B Gasification >> significant Bio-syngas
• Bio-syngas HHV >> 5 MJ/Nm3.
• Gas composition >> H2, CO, CO2, CH4 , HCs
• No Bed Agglomeration >>
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Results Air Gasification of OPEFB-B
Solid char – High CV Biochar• High Char yield
• HHV of OPEFB-B = 17.57 MJ/kg
• HHV of BioChar = 24.55 MJ/kg
• Gasification can yields gas & solid fuels for applications.
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Pre-Treatment & Pelletization of OPEFB-B >> Significantly better solid biomass fuel with low MC, Uniform shape for easy storage, handling, & transport
• Characterization >> Conversion btw 50-1000 °C (TGA) yields > 80 % conversion, High HR >> high char (residual mass)
• OPEFB-B >> High Agglomeration potential BUT No bed agglomeration was observed
• OPEFB-B Gasification >> Good yield of Bio-Syngas, high HHV char, but low gas HHV…
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Terima kasih(Thank you)
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The authors acknowledge the Ministry of Education (MOE) Malaysia for the Long Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) VOT: 4L817.
The authors are grateful to S. L. Wong, and Muhamad Faizal B. A. Halim of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam for the TG
measurements.
Acknowledgement