gastroesophageal reflux disease done
TRANSCRIPT
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Jasmine Aratea
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INTRODUCTION
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GERD cases recorded in Amang
Rodriguez Medical Center
Year Gerd Cases Reported
2010 5
2011 1
2012 3
2013 1
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GERD cases recorded in Jose Reyes
Memorial Medical CenterYear Gerd Cases Reported
2011 7
2012 3
2013 5
Age Range Cases Reported
0-10 2
11-20 3
21-40 4
41-60 2
61-80 3
Sex Cases Reported
Female 4
Male 11
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In a survey study based on the US Census
Bureau, Population Estimates andInternational Data Base (2004), statistics
shows that the highest grossing extrapolationprevalence rate of GERD was recorded in
China with almost 38,965,428 cases reported.Second in line is India with 31, 952, 118 casesreported. In the Philippines, almost 2, 587,
250 GERD cases were recorded in 2004 whichis almost 3% of todays population. Today,
numerous studies are promoted by healthresearch centers to increase the fight for
curing the GERD disease.
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PATHOGENESIS OF GERDMafe Cabiles
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How does gastric acid was produced?
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Among the mechanisms thought to contribute
to the development of GERD are
Decreased LES restingtone
the normal LES pressuremust be higher than the
gastric pressure Impaired Esophageal Acid
Clearance
Delayed Gastric
Emptying or GastroParesis
Decreased Salivation
Impaired Tissue Resistance
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Pathological
VS.
NormalBea Antonio
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Normal Esophagus
Covered with non-keratinized squamous
epithelium
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Barretts Esophagus The squamous epithelium is replaced with goblet cells, called intestinal metaplasia.
Columnar Epithelia
Major risk factor of GERD
About 1 out of 10 patients with GERD are found to have Barretts Esophagus.
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Alyzza KhimberlyVergara
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Heart burn and acid
regurgitation Dysphagia and
Odynophagia
Non-cardiac chest pain
Extraesophagealsymptoms
Symptom relapse andchronicity
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Antacids that neutralize stomach acid
Prescription-strength medications
Surgery and other procedures used ifmedications don't help.
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Bianca Dela Cruz
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Conclusion:
The pathophysiology of GERD is clearly multifactorial. Whilemedical therapy can only affect gastric acid production,fundoplication restores the function of the LES and improvesesophageal peristalsis. In addition, fundoplication stops any type ofrefluxate because it restores the competence of the
gastroesophageal junction. It seems that fundoplication alone doesnot cause regression of Barretts esophagus and does not preventthe development of adenocarcinoma. It will be important to studyin patients with Barretts esophagus the long-term effect of surgeryin association with new treatment modalities such asradiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic mucosal resection
(EMR). The combination should be more effective thanmonotherapy, because RFA and EMR eliminate the metaplastic ordysplastic epithelium, while fundoplication stops reflux, which is theoriginal cause ofBarretts esophagus.
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Successful treatment of GERD in patients whose
symptoms are poorly controlled with medical
treatment remains a challenge. There is limited
evidence from two uncontrolled cohort studies of
laparoscopic fundoplication demonstratingsymptomatic improvement at 5 years. Despite
the large number of medications and
interventions available and the numerous clinical
trials conducted, GERD remains a significant
clinical problem. A number of major questions
remain unstudied or, as yet, unanswered.
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References Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. (n.d.).
Retrieved fromhttp://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/BarrettsEsophagID5591.html
Barrett's Esophagus - National Digestive Diseases Information
Clearinghouse. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/barretts/
Ways to Increase Stomach Acid Production [Video file]. (n.d.). Retrievedfrom http://www.branchbasics.com/learn/ways-to-increase-stomach-acid-
production/
Acid Production in stomach_1.flv [Video file]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wvpz9m92ZQA
Developments in pathogenesis and diagnosis of gastroesophageal refluxdisease [Video file]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18800524
[Video file]Retrieved from
http://www.cedrugstorenews.com/userapp//lessons/page_view_ui.cfm?l
essonuid=&pageid=20E9006810884CADCC67B1249653D55F