gastrointestinal tract diseases
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
GastrointestinalTract
DiseasesBy: Andrea Bonde
EsophagealArtesia Fistulae Stenosis
causes the esophagus to end in a blind-
ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the
stomach.
an abnormal connection (fistula)
between the esophagus and the
trachea
a gradual narrowing of the tube that
carries food to the stomach. It occurs when scar tissue
builds up in the tube.
Intestinal Atresia
DiaphragmaticHernia
a defect or hole in the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to move
into the chest cavity
DiverticulumTypes
BladderCardiacColonic
KommerellDuodenal and Jejunal
EpiphrenicGastric
Killian-JamisonMeckels - a true congenital diverticulum, is a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct (also called the vitelline duct or yolk stalk), and is
the most frequent malformation of the gastrointestinal tract Rokitansky-AschoffTraction esophageal
UrethralZenker’s
Pyloric Stenosisa condition that causes severe projectile non-bilious vomiting in the first few months of life. There is narrowing (stenosis) of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum,
due to enlargement (hypertrophy) of the muscle surrounding this opening (the pylorus, meaning "gate"), which spasms when the stomach empties.
Megacolon Diseases
Hirschsprung disease Acquired Toxic
a disorder of the gut which is caused by the failure of the neural crest cells to
migrate completely during fetal development of the
intestine, eventually forming Auerbach's plexus
The affected segment of the colon fails to relax, causing
an obstruction
colonic enlargement associated with chronic constipation, but with normal ganglion cell
innervation.
an acute form of colonic distension. It is
characterized by a very dilated colon (megacolon), accompanied by abdominal distension (bloating), and
sometimes fever, abdominal pain, or shock.
dilatation and hypertrophy of the
colon
Meconium
The earliest stools of an infant. Unlike later feces,
meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends
in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo,
mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water.
It is characterized by incomplete LES
relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the
esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move
food down the esophagus)
Achalasia
G.E.R.D.Gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach
contents (food or liquid) leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube
from the mouth to the stomach). This action can
irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn and other
symptoms.
Normal tissue lining the esophagus -- the tube that carries food from the mouth to the
stomach -- changes to tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine. About 10%-15% of
people with chronic symptoms of GERD develop Barrett's esophagus.
Barrett Esophagus
a type of chronic stomach inflammation due to the action of the immune system against stomach tissue and its components. It causes
destruction of the stomach tissue with
progressive atrophy of the stomach.
AKAAutoimmune atrophic gastritis
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis
Autoimmune Gastritis
Gastric Polyps
Mass of cells that form on
the inside of the
stomach making polyps.
Stomach polyps form in
response to
inflammation or other
damage to the
lining of the
stomach.
Any blockage or narrowing of the arteries feeding blood to the bowels can result in ischemic bowel disease. Possible blockages include tumors and
blood clots, while the narrowing happens through a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis
begins when the artery's inner wall becomes damaged. Possible culprits include smoking,
infection, diabetes and high blood pressure. The arterial wall will try to repair itself, but in the
process cholesterol builds up on the artery's inside surface. As this "plaque" becomes thicker, the
artery becomes narrower and blood flow is reduced. It is at this point that ischemic bowel
syndrome enters the picture.
Ischemic Bowel Disease
A small vascular malformation of the gut. It is a common cause of otherwise unexplained
gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Lesions are often multiple, and frequently involve the cecum or ascending colon, although they can occur at other places. Treatment may be with
endoscopic interventions, medication, or occasionally surgery.
Angliodysplasia
Appendicitis
a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix. It is classified as a medical
emergency and many cases require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading
to peritonitis and shock.
Peritonitis
an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. Peritonitis may be localized or
generalized, and may result from infection (often due to rupture of a hollow organ as may occur in abdominal
trauma or appendicitis) or from a non-infectious process.
Works Cited"Diverticulum." Helpful Health Tips. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-
content/uploads/2008/05/Diverticulum-4.jpg>."Gastroesophageal reflux disease - PubMed Health." National Center for Biotechnology Information.
N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001311/>."Intestinal Atresia." UMICH MED SURGERY. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012.
<surgery.med.umich.edu/pediatric/clinical/physician_content/a-m/intestinal_atresia_images/intestinal_atresia2.jpg>.
"Medical Dictionary." Medical Dictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/>.
"Pyloric Stenosis." Pediatric Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <pedsurg.ucsf.edu/media/85927/img_main.gif>.
"Search." WebMD - Better information. Better health.. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.webmd.com>.
"Swagbucks." Swagbucks. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.swagbucks.com/?t=i&p=1&b=0&f=0&q=esophageal+artesia>.
"Wikipedia - Artesia." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=esophageal+stenosis&fulltext=Search>.
"achalasia." Health Hype. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <www.healthhype.com/wp-content/uploads/achalasia.jpg>.
"eHow search." eHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the expert in you. | eHow.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ehow.com>.