Ifatreefallsintheforestandnobodypublishestheeventin

GBIF,diditreallyhappen?

GlobalBiodiversityInforma4onFacility,freeandopenaccesstobiodiversitydata.

Lunch-seminar30thMarch2017NMHTøyen

Ifatreefallsintheforestandnobodybringsasampletoa

museumherbarium,howcanweverifythatitreallydidhappen?

Lunch-seminar30thMarch2017NMHTøyen

BIODIVERSITY DATA LIFE CYCLE

Study design Data management plan, data standards Data collection, field work Bio-repository, herbarium Data storage, archiving Data publication, open data Data analysis Data synthesis, research, policy

GBIFenablesfreeandopenaccesstobiodiversitydataonline.

Weareaninterna4onalgovernment-ini4atedand-fundedini4a4vefocusedonmakingbiodiversitydataavailabletoallandanyone,forscien4ficresearch,conserva4onandsustainabledevelopment.

Status28thMarch2017

Asia (lack of data)

Africa (lack of data)

Updated29thMarch2017

MAP OF NATIONAL PARTICIPANTS

Updated March 2017

parti

cipa

tion

Asia (lack of data)

Africa (lack of data)

DATA PUBLISHED THROUGH GBIF.ORG

www.gbif.org/analytics/global

data

ava

ilabi

lity

TOTAL DATA PUBLISHED BY COUNTRY AS OF 15 MARCH 2017

All others

BE

ES

ZA

GB

NL

DE

AU

FRSE

US

1 United States 337,528,963 2 Sweden 61,423,202 3 France 40,469,687 4 Australia 36,435,662 5 United Kingdom 29,635,764 6 Germany 28,480,795 7 Netherlands 26,075,010 8 Norway 24,189,098 9 South Africa 21,045,000

10 Spain 14,323,393

data

ava

ilabi

lity

Total

OCCURRENCE RECORDS PUBLISHED DURING 2017 BY COUNTRY

OTHERFRBE

GB

CA

NZ

US

BR

NO

MX

SE

�1

Country New records 2016 rank

1 Sweden 7,357,480 26 2 Mexico 3,061,571 14 3 Norway 1,575,075 6 4 Brazil 1,050,962 15 5 United States 883,444 1 6 New Zealand 702,182 13 7 Canada 688,413 19 8 United Kingdom 631,112 4 9 Belgium 578,138 10

10 France 366,898 17 http://www.gbif.org/country

data

ava

ilabi

lity

2017

OCCURRENCE RECORDS PUBLISHED DURING 2016 BY COUNTRY

All othersBEES

DKCO

NO

ZA

NL

GB

DE

US

�1

1 United States 83,774,897 2 Germany 15,837,819 3 United Kingdom 15,217,220 4 Netherlands 13,098,430 5 South Africa 9,630,896 6 Norway 4,519,715 7 Colombia 4,122,621 8 Denmark 4,048,381 9 Spain 3,175,906

10 Belgium 2,366,452

http://www.gbif.org/country

data

ava

ilabi

lity

2016

Finland

Norway Sweden

Iceland

March2017 Datasets Occurrences

Denmark 68+2 11924383Finland 54 3164965Iceland 4 458705Norway 129+2+6 24198151Sweden 43+1 61523557

hVp://www.gbif.o

rg/cou

ntry/N

O

STATUS FOR NORDIC GBIF NODES

Danmark

Updated29thMarch2017

Use of GBIF-mediated data

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

0 125 250 375 500

432

52

89

148

169

229

249

350

407

428

72

�1

DAT

A A

CC

ESS

AN

D U

SE

Peer-reviewed publications using GBIF-mediated data

Illustra4onCC-BYDoublecompile

PEER-REVIEWED USES, BY COUNTRY AND REGION, 2017

AfricaOceania

Asia

Latin America

North America

Europe

Total # of papers by country 1 United States 28 2 United Kingdom 19 3 Germany 15 4 Spain 14 5 Brazil 13 6 Mexico 10 6 Switzerland 10 8 Australia 9 8 France 9

10 Norway 8

Total # of papers by region 1 Europe 119 2 North America 33 3 Latin America 32 4 Asia 18 5 Oceania 10 6 Africa 5

data

acc

ess

and

use

2017

PEER-REVIEWED USES, BY COUNTRY AND REGION, 2016

Oceania

North America

Latin AmericaEurope

Asia

Africa

�1

Total # of papers by country 1 United States 148 2 United Kingdom 61 3 Germany 51 4 Brazil 50 5 Australia 48 6 China 41 6 Mexico 41 8 France 39 9 Spain 31

10 Canada 25 10 South Africa 25

Total # of papers by region 1 Europe 351 2 North America 173 3 Latin America 134 4 Asia 94 5 Africa 58 6 Oceania 54

data

acc

ess

and

use

2016

DATA DOWNLOAD REQUESTS BY COUNTRY, 2016

All others

IT

CN

IN

ZA GB CO

ES

BR

MX

US

�1

1 United States 14,700 2 Mexico 14,053 3 Brazil 7,437 4 Spain 6,443 5 Colombia 5,431 6 United Kingdom 5,195 7 South Africa 3,492 8 India 3,480 9 China 3,046

10 Italy 2,389

data

acc

ess

and

use

2016

GBIF Data examples of use

USING DATA THROUGH GBIF

GBIF has established itself as an essential infrastructure underpinning science and policy related to biodiversity. Demonstrated by the growing volume of peer-reviewed research using data discovered and accessed through GBIF. Featured examples of use in Norway: http://www.gbif.org/country/NO/publications

FEATURED RESEARCH NORWAY

AlmadaF,FranciscoS,LimaC,FitzGeraldR,MiriminL,Villegas-RíosDetal.(2017)HistoricalgeneflowconstraintsinanortheasternAtlan4cfish:phylogeographyoftheballanwrasseLabrusbergyltaacrossitsdistribu4onrange.RoyalSocietyOpenScience4(2)160773.Authorcountries:Portugal,Ireland,Norway,Spain.Published15February2017.DOI:10.1098/rsos.160773

ChalaD,ZimmermannN,BrochmannC,BakkestuenV(2017)Migra4oncorridorsforalpineplantsamongthe‘skyislands’ofeasternAfrica:dothey,ordidtheyexist?AlpineBotany1-12.Authorcountries:Norway,Switzerland.FirstOnline08February2017.doi:10.1007/s00035-017-0184-z

Solberg,SØandChou,YY(2017)Conserva4onofIndigenousVegetablesfromaHotspotinTropicalAsia:WhatDidWeLearnfromVavilov?Fron;ersinPlantScience.doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01982Authorcountry:Taiwan,(Norway).108787speciesoccurrencerecordsused.Crop:Vegetables.

Phillips,J.,MagosBrehm,J.,vanOort,B.,Asdal,Å.,Rasmussen,M.,&Maxted,N.(2017)Climatechangeandna4onalcropwildrela4veconserva4onplanning.Ambio1-14.FirstOnline18February2017doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0905-yAuthorcountries:UK,Norway

R.M.Araújo,J.Assis,R.Aguillar,L.Airoldi,I.Bárbara,I.Bartsch,T.Bekkby,H.ChrisLe,D.Davoult,S.Derrien-Courtel,C.Fernandez,S.Fredriksen,F.Gevaert,H.Gundersen,A.LeGal,L.Lévêque,N.Mieszkowska,K.M.Norderhaug,P.Oliveira,A.Puente,J.M.Rico,E.Rinde,H.Schubert,E.M.Strain,M.Valero,F.Viard,I.Sousa-Pinto(2016)Status,trendsanddriversofkelpforestsinEurope:anexpertassessment.BiodiversityandConserva4on25(7)1319-1348.doi:10.1007/s10531-016-1141-7 Authorcountries:Portugal,Spain,Italy,Germany,Norway,France,UK,Australia.

SpeedJ.D.M.,AustrheimG.(2017)Theimportanceofherbivoredensityandmanagementasdeterminantsofthedistribu4onofrareplantspecies.BiologicalConserva4on205:77–84.doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.030Authorcountry:Norway

PhillipsJ,AsdalÅ,BrehmJM,RasmussenM,andMaxtedN(2016)Insituandexsitudiversityanalysisofprioritycropwildrela4vesinNorway.Diversityanddistribu4ons22(11):1112-1126.doi:10.1111/ddi.12470.Authorcountries:UnitedKingdom,Portugal,Norway.382,605occurrencedatarecordsused– GBIFNewsStory

data

acc

ess

and

use

Almandaetal.(2017)Mapofsamplingloca4onsforLabrusbergylta

Philipsetal.(2016)predicteddistribu4onof187priorityCWRinNorway

A complete archive of research citing use of GBIF can be accessed at http://www.mendeley.com/groups/1068301/gbif-public-library

ELCmapsDevelopmentofaEcologicalLandCharacteriza4on(ELC)mapsusingspeciesoccurrencedatapointsfromGBIFThormann,I.;Parra-Quijano,M.;Endresen,D.T.F.;Rubio-Teso,M.L.;Iriondo,J.M.,&Maxted,N.(2014).Predic4vecharacteriza4onofcropwildrela4vesandlandraces:Technicalguidelinesversion1.BioversityInterna4onal.ISBN978-92-9255-004-2.Phillips,J.,MagosBrehm,J.,vanOort,B.Asdal,Å.,Rasmussen,M.,&Maxted,N.(2017)Climatechangeandna4onalcropwildrela4veconserva4onplanning.Ambio.DOI:10.1007/s13280-017-0905-yPhillips,J.,Asdal,Å.,Brehm,J.M.,RasmussenM.,&Maxted,N.(2016)Insituandexsitudiversityanalysisofprioritycropwildrela4vesinNorway.DiversityandDistribu4ons,22,1112–1126.DOI:10.1111/ddi.12470

ExamplesofuseforGBIF-mediateddata

Figure.Thepredicteddistribu4onof187priorityCWRinNorwayunderthecurrentclima4ccondi4ons.Redareasindicatetaxon-richareaswithupto124taxafoundthere,andgreenareasindicatelowtaxonrichness.Rastergridcellsize0.0416,approximatelyequalto4×8km2(Philipsetal.2017)

CWRconservaLonDevelopmentofaconserva4onplanforCropWildRela4vesinNorwayextractedtheCWRspeciesoccurrencedatapointsfromGBIFPhillips,J.,MagosBrehm,J.,vanOort,B.Asdal,Å.,Rasmussen,M.,&Maxted,N.(2017)Climatechangeandna4onalcropwildrela4veconserva4onplanning.Ambio.DOI:10.1007/s13280-017-0905-yPhillips,J.,Asdal,Å.,Brehm,J.M.,RasmussenM.,&&Maxted,N.(2016)Insituandexsitudiversityanalysisofprioritycropwildrela4vesinNorway.DiversityandDistribu4ons,22,1112–1126.DOI:10.1111/ddi.12470

ExamplesofuseforGBIF-mediateddata

hVp://www.gbif.org/newsroom/uses/2016-phillips-et-al

Figure.Theaveragepredictedtaxonrichnessof187priorityCWRinNorwayunderRCP2.6fortheyearsa2030,b2050,c2070,d2080.Rastergridcellsize0.0416,approximatelyequalto4×8km2(Philipsetal.2017)

CWRconservaLonDevelopmentofaconserva4onplanforCropWildRela4vesinNorwaywithextractedCWRspeciesoccurrencedatapointsfromGBIFPhillips,J.,MagosBrehm,J.,vanOort,B.Asdal,Å.,Rasmussen,M.,Maxted,N.(2017)Climatechangeandna4onalcropwildrela4veconserva4onplanning.Ambio.DOI:10.1007/s13280-017-0905-yPhillips,J.,Asdal,Å.,Brehm,J.M.,RasmussenM.,Maxted,N.(2016)Insituandexsitudiversityanalysisofprioritycropwildrela4vesinNorway.DiversityandDistribu4ons,22,1112–1126.DOI:10.1111/ddi.12470

ExamplesofuseforGBIF-mediateddata

hVp://www.gbif.org/newsroom/uses/2016-phillips-et-al

2030 2050

2070 2080

TheNordicCWRRela4veChecklistispublishedin

GBIF

doi:10.15468/itkype

Addyourownobserva4onstothisNordicCWRgroupiniNaturalistObserva4onspeer-reviewvalidatedbyotheramateurnaturalistsarepublishedinGBIF

hVp://www.inaturalist.org/projects/nordic-crop-wild-rela4ves

TheGlobalCropWildRela4veOccurrence

Databaseincludedatafromhundredsofdata

sources–includingGBIF

TheCWRDatabaseisagainpublishedinGBIF

(excludingthedatarecordsorigina;ngfromGBIF)

DOI:10.15468/jyrthk

2016 SCIENCE REVIEW

Annual publication summarizes more than 100 peer-reviewed articles that rely on GBIF-mediated data. Accompanying Sourcebook includes more than 400 citations. Download: §  gbif.org/science-review §  gbif.org/science-review-

sourcebook-2016

http://www.gbif.org/science-review

dat

a ac

cess

and

use

Services to enable data analysis

GBIF DATA PORTAL API An interface to access data published through the GBIF network using web services.

ROPENSCI : RGBIF library(rgbif) key <- name_backbone(name='Hepatica nobilis', kingdom=‘Plantae')$speciesKey sp <- occ_search(taxonKey=key, return='data', hasCoordinate=TRUE, limit=1000) gbifmap(sp)

Discover and download data

Westorealldownloadfilesaslongaspossible.Thedownloadmetadatapagewillalwaysresolve,butthefileitselfmightberemovedinthefuture.Westrivetostorealldownloads,butpriori4zedownloadsthathavebeencited.

Publish your biodiversity data with GBIF

PUBLISH DATA IN GBIF da

ta p

ublis

hing

Step 1: data holding research institutes seek endorsement as an approved data publisher.

Step 2: datasets are identified and converted to standard Darwin Core format.

Step 3: datasets can be published directly from the data node and/or with the assistance from a national GBIF node.

Citizen science data platforms also publish in GBIF.

NodeteamatNHM,UniversityofOsloDagEndresen,NodemanagerChris4anSvindseth,Datamanager

FridtjofMehlum,ResearchdirectorEinarTimdal,AssociateprofessorGeirSøli,AssociateprofessorVidarBakken,Consultant

Artsdatabanken,Trondheim

WouterKochNilsValland

NTNUUniversityMuseumAndersFinstad,GBIFSciencecommiOee

ResearchCouncilofNorwayChris4anWexelsRiserPerBacke-Hansen(un;l2016)

Contactusat:gbif-driX@nhm.uio.no

GBIF INDICATOR FOR AICHI TARGET 19 (2016)

Growth in Species Occurrence Records Accessible Through GBIF Indicator description This indicator tracks the number of digitally-accessible records published through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). An increase in the value of this indicator means that a larger volume of records documenting the spatial and temporal occurrence of species is being shared by holders of biodiversity data, in formats that make them free for use by researchers and policymakers via the Internet. A decline would indicate reduced availability of such data for research and policy. Indicator classification Operational and included in the CBD's list of indicators. Last update: 2016 https://www.bipindicators.net/indicators/growth-in-species-occurrence-records-accessible-through-gbif

CBD AICHI TARGET 19

The 13th COP meeting of the CBD on 13 December 2016: •  welcomes the Global Biodiversity Informatics Outlook (GBIF 2013) •  promote open access to biodiversity-related data •  promote the use of common data standards (TDWG.org) •  invest in digitization of natural history collections •  establish national biodiversity information facilities (GBIF nodes) •  continued support from Governments for networks such as the Global

Biodiversity Information Facility

OPEN RESEARCH DATA

Forskningsrådet(2014)Tilgjengeliggjøringavforskningsdata:PolicyforNorgesforskningsråd.ISBN:978-82-12-03361-0Kunnskapsdepartementet(2016)Nasjonaleretningslinjerforåpen4lgang4lforskningsdata

TheResearchCouncilofNorwayexpectsallresearchdatafromprojectsfundedbytheResearchCounciltobemadefreelyavailableasopendata.Insomesitua;onstherecanbevalidandjus;fiedreasonsforexcep;ons.

OPEN SCIENCE

Kunnskapsdepartementet(2016)EU(2016)Compe44venessCouncil,26-27/05/2016

EU(2007)INSPIREDirec4ve

Norwaytobeacarefulpioneerinopenaccesstoresearchresults.Norwaytofollowtheambi;onofEUonfullopenaccesstopubliclyfundedresearchby2020.

Resultsofresearchsupportedbypublicandpublic-privatefundsfreelyavailabletoandreusablebyanyone.

"Scien;ficirreproducibility—the

inabilitytorepeatothers'experimentsandreach

thesameconclusion—isagrowingconcern"

Nature(May2016)doi:10.1038/533452adoi:10.1038/533437a

OpenSciencesoluLon:

researcherstosharetheirmethods,data,computercodeandresultsincentral

datarepositories

wealsoneedspecimenandbiorepositories(museums)

DATA CITATION PRINCIPLES

1.  Data to be legitimate citable products of research. 2.  Data citations giving scholarly credit and attribution. 3.  In scholarly literature, whenever claims are based on data, data should

always be cited. 4.  Persistent method for identification of data, that is machine actionable,

globally unique, universal. 5.  Data citation facilitate access to data or at least to metadata. 6.  Unique identifiers that persist even beyond the lifespan of the data. 7.  Data citation identify and access the specific data that support verification

of the claim (provenance, time-slice, version). 8.  Flexible, but attention to interoperability of practices across communities.

Data Citation Synthesis Group: Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles. Martone M. (ed.) San Diego CA: FORCE11; 2014

"FAIR" DATA Findable

–  assign persistent IDs, provide rich metadata, register in a searchable resource (such as GBIF)

Accessible –  Retrievable by their ID using a standard protocol,

metadata remain accessible even if data aren’t

Interoperable –  Use formal, broadly applicable languages, use

standard vocabularies, qualified references (e.g. Darwin Core)

Reusable –  Rich, accurate metadata, clear licences, provenance,

use of community standards (e.g. Dublin Core, EML)

www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples

Slide source: OpenAIRE & EUDAT, CC-BY-4.0, 2013