gc selection guide 2008 - brechbuehler ag: ch...injection port cleaning kit 71 polyimide resin70...

1

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wIn

trod

ucti

on t

o C

olum

n S

elec

tion

Zeb

ron

GC

Col

umns

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

GC SELECTION GUIDECOLUMNS • ACCESSORIES • SAMPLE PREPARATION

2

Zeb

ron

Overview

Introduction to Colum

n Selection

Zebron G

C C

olumns

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplications

The History of ZebronPhenomenex began as a liquid chromatography company in 1982

and soon became recognized for excellent quality, outstanding cus-

tomer service, and technical support. After becoming the leading

HPLC column company in the world, it began to expand business

into other related fields. Phenomenex acquired a GC column manu-

facturing company in northern California, that was originally founded

by Dr. Robert Wohleb, who was also the co-founder of J&W (the “W”

of J&W). From the outset, Phenomenex’s goal was to provide scien-

tists the highest quality line of GC columns, as it had with HPLC. In

1998, Phenomenex introduced Zebron GC columns.

Zebron’s quality was soon recognized throughout the world. Today,

Phenomenex employs many of the world’s top GC scientists, with

decades of cumulative experience in GC column chemistry and

manufacturing technology. This expertise, and our constant dedica-

tion to quality and service, has allowed Phenomenex to become one

of the leading column companies in the world. Phenomenex’s relent-

less pursuit of innovation and customer support is never ending.

*This guarantee is not valid in India and China.

*

If you are not completely satisfied with any of the products featured in this brochure, return within 45 days for a FULL REFUND.

PHENOMENEX | WEB: www.phenomenex.com

3

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wIn

trod

ucti

on t

o C

olum

n S

elec

tion

Zeb

ron

GC

Col

umns

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Table of ContentsZebron Overview 2-9 The History of Zebron 2 Experience the Difference with Zebron 4 Industry Leading Quality 5 Low Bleed 6

High Temperature 7 Longer Column Lifetime 8

Developing Award Winning Solutions for Challenging Analysis 9Introduction to Column Selection 10-30

General Considerations for Column Selection 10 Stationary Phases 10 Selectivity vs. Polarity 11 Stationary Phase Selectivity 11 Summary of Stationary Phase Selection 13

Column Length 14 Influence of Length on Resolution 14 Influence of Length on Analysis Time 14 Other Considerations 14 General Guidelines 15

Column Internal Diameter (ID) 16 Efficiency & Analysis Speed 16 Sample Capacity 18 Flow Rate & Column Head Pressure 18 General Guidelines 19

Column Film Thickness 20 Retention (Phase Ratio) 20 Influence on Efficiency 22 General Guidelines 23

GC Column Selection Chart 24GC Columns by Manufacturer 25GC Column Selection for EPA Methods 26-28GC Column Selection for ASTM Methods 29GC Column Selection for USP Methods 30

Zebron GC Columns 31-53 Integrated Guard Columns 52

Guard Columns & Retention Gaps 53GC Accessories 54-73

Capillary Column Mini Unions 70Capillary Unions & Splitters 70Ceramic Scoring Wafer 71Column Check Standards 54Consumables for GC Systems 56-67(Includes: Ferrules, Injection Port Inlet Liners, Septa, Syringes)

Agilent 56-61PerkinElmer 64-65

Shimadzu 66-67 Varian 62-63

Cool-Lock Nut 55Ferrule Remover Tool Kit 71Flame Detector Jet Cleaning Kit 71Gas Traps & Purifiers 68-69

Injection Port Cleaning Kit 71 Polyimide Resin 70

Vials 72-73SPE Products 74-77Applications 78-104 Environmental 78 Toxicology 88 Pharmaceuticals 91

Food, Flavors, Fragrances 93 Industrial Chemicals 96 Petroleum 101

Mixed-Polarity

General Analytes

ZB-5msZB-MR-1ZB-XLB

Pesticides

ZB-MR-1ZB-MR-2ZB-5msZB-XLB

PolarNon-Polar

Your Analytes

10 20 30 min


4

Zeb

ron

Overview


n Selection

Zebron G

C C

olumns

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplications

Experience the Difference with Zebron…

• Don’t Get Put on Hold

• Get Answers When You Need Them

• Experienced, Specialized GC Technical Support

• Available Overnight Delivery, Worldwide

• Application Development Support

• Free On-site Training

Have you ever called some of the other column manufacturers and been put on hold for long

periods of time, only to be forced to leave a message and hope someone called you back?

At Phenomenex, we believe that our customers are the lifeblood of our business and that

they deserve the highest level of service.

We guarantee that you will always speak to an experienced GC representative each and

every time you call. We are also available for troubleshooting and method development

questions. Our full staff of technical support specialists and laboratory personnel will give

you the answer you need, when you need it. Experience the difference with Zebron, where

you, the customer, are our number one priority.

“At Phenomenex we believe that customers are the lifeblood of our business. Big or small, your business

is important to us. We want to grow with you and

become a valued part of your business’s success. Let us

show you how the Zebron experience puts you first.”


5

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wIn

trod

ucti

on t

o C

olum

n S

elec

tion

Zeb

ron

GC

Col

umns

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Industry Leading Quality• Every Column is Individually QC Tested

• Excellent Batch-to-Batch Reproducibility

• Industry Leading Quality Control Standards

Our commitment to quality is what makes Zebron the number one fastest growing GC

column line on the market. Each and every column you receive undergoes an exhaustive QC

check process that ensures all columns provide the highest level of performance.

Individually QC Tested

To start, all columns are individually QC tested by an experienced technician for important

parameters such as bleed, activity, retention, and efficiency. Our QC test standards are so

stringent that we must spend hours qualifying our GC systems to ensure they are sensitive

enough to measure the small differences defined by our pass/fail windows.

Aggressive Text Mixes

Ensuring our columns meet the needs of your analysis often requires using special QC test

procedures. Many of our products utilize specially designed test mixes that are formulated

to mimic the worst compounds that you encounter on a daily basis. Holding ourselves to

such high standards gives you the confidence that Zebron columns will work for your tough-

est methods, every time.

EfficiencyCritical for measuring the separation power of your column. Good columns have been typicallyconsidered to be above 3,700 plates/meter. The average efficiency for a ZB-5ms column exceeds 4,000 plates/meter, giving you the maximum separation possible.

BleedColumn bleed gives an indication of column stabil-ity and lifetime. Zebron columns provide industryleading bleed levels providing maximum sensitivity and stability.

ActivityColumn performance for acid and base compounds is often critical for achieving method stability. We monitor several acids and bases chosen specifi-cally to mimic the most challenging compounds our customers face.

RetentionTo ensure you receive reproducible product, we monitor the retention characteristics of our columns very closely. Hydrocarbons serve as a reference point to polar compounds.

PHENOMENEX | WEB: www.phenomenex.com X

6

Zeb

ron

Overview


n Selection

Zebron G

C C

olumns

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplications

Low Bleed• Lower Detection Limits

• Improved Quantitation

• Improved Compound Identification

• Less System Maintenance

Column bleed is the loss of lower molecular weight stationary phase pieces (MS Ions 355,

281, 207, 73) that are either the result of impurities in the starting polymer or the decom-

position of the phase at elevated temperatures. Engineered Self Cross-linking (ESC)™

bonding technology reinforces the stationary phase by incorporating ladder bridges into

the polymer backbone. The process begins with a careful fractionation of the base polymer,

which eliminates low molecular weight impurities and enhances coating efficiencies. The

columns are then cross-linked and surface bonded using an aggressive catalyst forming

an interpenetrating network, which provides enhanced column durability and extremely low

bleed levels.

Column bleed can also be an indicator of the stability and lifetime a GC column will offer.

When using sensitive detectors such as MS, bleed can impact method detection limits

(MDLs) causing difficulties at the low calibration ranges. Zebron columns provide very low

bleed levels making them sensitive and stable for a long time.

Column Bleed Comparison Test by MS Detection

Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm

Injection: 225 ˚C with a constant flow of 1.1 mL/min of helium

Oven Program: 240 ˚C for 10 min to 280 ˚C @ 40 °/min for 10 min to 320 ˚C @ 40 °/min for 10 min to 340 ˚C @ 40 °/min for 10 min to 360 ˚C @ 40 °/min for 10 min

Detector: MS, Scan range: 36-450 amu

Testing conditions were similar for all columns. All columns were new and obtained from the original manufacturer or its authorized channels. Data provided by Phenomenex in-house evaluations and represents bleed values obtained after 2 hours of conditioning.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 min

Thou

sand

s

240 ˚C 280 ˚C

320 ˚C

340 ˚C

360 ˚C

12

3

4

51 Zebron™ ZB-5

Equivalent column from leading competitors:

2 Varian® Factor Four™, VF-5ms

3 J&W® DB-5ms

4 Agilent® HP-5ms

5 Restek® Rtx-5Sil MS

MS C E R T I F I E D


7

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wIn

trod

ucti

on t

o C

olum

n S

elec

tion

Zeb

ron

GC

Col

umns

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

High Temperature• Analyze High Molecular Weight Compounds

• Bake Off Matrix Contaminants

• Shorten Run Times

People often ask why do Zebron columns have such a high upper temperature limit com-

pared to everyone else? The answer lies with our proprietary bonding process called En-

gineered Self Cross-Linking (ESC). By carefully fractionating our base polymer and using

aggressive cross-linking catalysts, we produce a column that resists thermal degradation.

What this means to you is that all Zebron columns will give you the flexibility to use high

temperature to improve your GC analysis. For ultra high-temperature analyses, our award-

winning Zebron-Inferno™ line will let you to take your GC oven to 430 °C and still maintain

superior performance.

Butter Triglycerides

Column: Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno


Part No.: 7EM-G015-02

Injection: On-Column @ 103 ºC, 2 μL

Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.8 mL/min (constant flow)

Oven Program: 100 ºC to 400 ºC @ 14 ºC/min for 10 min

Detector: FID @ 400 ºC

10 20 30 min

App

ID 1

6054

430 ˚C TPGC Stability Test*

At temperatures above 380 ˚C, conventional fused silica

tubing will become brittle and randomly break. Our special

new tubing is manufactured using a novel High Temperature

Polyimide Resin material that shows minimal thermal degra-

dation even at programmed temperatures up to 430 ˚C.

*Evaluated by performing 185 programmed temperature runs, total 23 hours at 430 ˚C. Polyimide tubing wasstill flexible as shown here.

Zebron ZB-Inferno™Still Flexible After 23 Hours at 430 ˚C

2007 Winner


8

Zeb

ron

Overview


n Selection

Zebron G

C C

olumns

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplications

Longer Column Lifetime• Analyze Dirty Samples

• Reduce Instrument Downtime Due to Column Changes

• Save Time and Money

Our customers consistently tell us that our columns last much longer than other products

they have used. We received the following picture and email from one of our customers do-

ing environmental analysis. They operate a mobile testing lab, thus don’t have the facilities

to do a sophisticated sample preparation.

They were contracted to do pesticide analysis for a former department of defense facility.

Many of the samples were taken from the ocean floor and contained high levels of pesti-

cides and other contaminants. Since they did not use guard columns and sample prepa-

ration was minimal, they expected column lifetime to be very short. To their surprise, the

Zebron columns lasted for the entire project. They were so impressed that they sent us this

picture and email:

“We wanted to share with you and Phenomenex the great success we had using your Zebron columns. We used 4 of your ZB-35, 30 meter columns to perform detailed pesticide analysis of soils during environmental remediation at a former Dept. of Defense facility.

Over the course of 6 months, we analyzed over 6500 samples on 2 GCs, many of these samples had high levels of pesticides and we did not use a guard column. Dan Twomey, our senior chemist and Vice President, personally performed much of the analysis and had nothing but high praise for the durability and consistency of the columns.

We are attaching a photo of the extract vials for the complete project.”Bob Burger - ESN North Atlantic


9

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wIn

trod

ucti

on t

o C

olum

n S

elec

tion

Zeb

ron

GC

Col

umns

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Developing Award Winning Solutions for Challenging AnalysisIn the field of gas chromatography not much has changed for the last 15 years. However

technology is our passion and Zebron is gaining international recognitions for its new prod-

ucts that are specially designed for today’s most challenging methods.

High Performance MS Certified Phases

Our line of high performance MS columns provides the ultimate low bleed and low activity

chromatography. The Zebron ZB-1ms, ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi, ZB-WAX, and ZB-XLB phases

are guaranteed to improve your analysis, saving your lab time and money.

100 % Water Stable Phases

The use of water in GC has always been considered a taboo, especially when work-

ing with Polyethylene Glycol (WAX) phases. The Zebron ZB-WAXPLUS column was

specially formulated to provide stable performance even with 100 % aqueous samples. The

water stability of the ZB-WAXPLUS can greatly improve the analysis of wine, beer, and dis-

tilled spirits.

Improved Analysis of Pesticides, Herbicides and Insecticides

Pesticides are the subject of increasing international regulation. Since many different types

of pesticides can be used on the same food product, the need to properly separate and

identify these compounds is important. Regardless of the technique, the new ZB-Multi-

Residue™ GC columns have been optimized for pesticides, herbicide, or insecticide analy-

sis. The columns have orthogonal selectivity that allows them to be used together in dual

column confirmation analysis for EPA Methods. Both phases are also MS Certified, so they

can be used on MS to confirm results or for multi-pesticide residue screening methods.

Unsurpassed High Temperature GC Analysis

At temperatures above 380 ˚C, conventional fused silica tubing will become

brittle and randomly break. Our Inferno columns are manufactured using a

novel high temperature polyimide resin material and stationary phase polymer

that shows minimal thermal degradation even at programmed temperatures up

to 430 ˚C.

Zebron Inferno™ columns have been recognized by R&D Magazine as one of the 100 most

technologically significant products introduced into the marketplace in 2007. Further, they

are the only GC columns in history to ever receive this award. This is a significant accom-

plishment and a true testament to their stability and performance.

2007 R&D 100 Award Recipient


10

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Stationary PhasesResolution between two components is mainly determined by the selectivity ( ) of the sta-

tionary phase. Column selectivity depends on the nature of the stationary phase, the nature

of the components, and the oven temperature at the time of elution. More polar phases

(with different chemical groups) will have more possible ways of interaction.

When we consider the master resolution equation, optimizing column selectivity has the

largest impact on resolution. By increasing the resolution between two compounds, the

total analysis can often be reduced significantly. When looking to optimize your GC method,

we suggest you look to first optimize the selectivity of your stationary phase.

RS =

√—N - 1 k4 k + 1

Efficiency Term

SelectivityTerm

RetentionTerm

General Considerations for Column Selection

PHASE: The stationary phase is the most influential col-umn parameter. It not only determines the final resolution ob-

tained (it determines the relative retention of the solutes), but

due to its specific characteristics, it will influence virtually ev-

ery column selection parameter.

LENGTH: Length is directly related to overall efficiency of the column and to overall analysis time. The relation between

length (efficiency) and resolution is a square root relation, while

analysis time is directly related to column length.

INTERNAL DIAMETER: Column internal diame-ter has a major impact on column efficiency (and thus on reso-

lution) and on the sample capacity of the column. It can also

dictate limitations on the injection and detection techniques

used and vice versa.

FILM THICKNESS: Film thickness determines so-lute retention and thus solute elution temperatures. It will

also play an important role in the sample capacity of the

column. Thin films are faster with higher resolution, but offer

lower capacity.

Other criteria like instrument availability, feasibility, budget considerations, etc. can also impose limitations on column selection.

Experience, literature data, and your Phenomenex Technical Representative are invaluable tools to guide you through the labyrinth

of column selection.


11

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

ZB-35

ZB-1701

Figure 1: Zebron ZB-35 and the ZB-1701, with polarity 18 and 19 respectively, measured by McReynolds constants

2 4 6 8 10 12 min

12

3

4

5

6 7

8

9

10

11 12

13 14 15 16 17

Selectivity vs. Polarity

Many people often confuse column polarity and selectivity. Column polarity does give a

general guideline for sample capacity and separation, which can affect peak shape and res-

olution. However, even though two columns may have similar polarity, they may show very

different separation profiles because of the differences in the stationary phase chemistry.

To demonstrate this point, consider the separation of various components using the Ze-

bron ZB-35 and the ZB-1701, with polarity 18 and 19 respectively as shown in Table 1,

measured by McReynolds constants. The columns have very similar polarity, however the

column chemistries are very different (Figure 1). The addition of the cyanopropyl group in

the ZB-1701 column gives the column a very unique selectivity that is very different from

the ZB-35.

Stationary Phase Selectivity

Column selectivity is based on differences in interaction between analytes and the station-

ary phase at a specific temperature. The way in which a compound interacts with the phase

is determined by the chemical nature of the stationary phase. Below are the three most

prevalent interactions in GC:

1. Dispersive Forces or Van der Waals Interactions

These are the weakest of all intermolecular forces and occur between non-polar compounds.

This force causes the separation of compounds based on boiling point. Even though this is the

weakest of all the forces, it is the most abundant, making it the dominant interaction with most

GC stationary phases. The separation of hydrocarbons using a standard simulated distillation

analysis is a classic example of dispersive forces. In this method, mixtures of hydrocarbons are

analyzed and elute in peaks corresponding to their carbon number.

App

ID 1

6217 ASTM Method D 2887-97: Boiling Range

Distribution of Petroleum Fractions

Column: Zebron ZB-1HT Inferno


Part No.: 7EK-G014-05

Injection: On-Column @ 38 ºC, 0.1 μL

Carrier Gas: Helium @ 10 mL/min (constant flow)

Oven Program: 35 ºC for 1 min to 360 ºC @ 25 ºC/min

Detector: FID @ 375 ºC

Sample: 1. Hexane2. Heptane3. Octane4. Nonane5. Decane6. Undecane7. Dodecane8. Tetradecane9. Hexadecane

10. Octadecane11. Eicosane12. Tetracosane13. Octacosane14. n-Dotriacontane15. n-Hexatriacontane16. Tetracontane17. Tetratetracontane

Si OSi O

CH3

CH3

65 % 35 %

Si O

CH3

CH3Si O

NC

(CH2 )3

86 % 14 %


12

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

12

3

4

56

7 8 9

10

11

6.5 min5.54.53.52.51.5 Significant Tailingand Adsorption for Acids & Bases

2

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

10

4 6 8 10 min

1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

DeactivatedFor Acids & Bases

46

2 4 6 8 10 min

2. Dipole-Dipole Interactions

These forces can either be present as a permanent dipole or can be

induced by stationary phase-analyte interactions. Choosing a col-

umn with a higher dipole-dipole interaction can help separate com-

pounds that have similar boiling points, but different chemical struc-

tures. An example that demonstrates this concept is the separation

of meta and para-Xylene isomers. When using a non-polar phase

such as a ZB-5 (figure 3), where dispersive forces are the primary

interaction, separation between these two isomers is not possible.

By choosing a phase with a very high dipole moment such as the

ZB-WAX (figure 2), the separation between the two isomers is

achieved.

3. Hydrogen Bonding or Acid-Base Interactions

In GC, these types of forces are usually bad and cause compounds

to exhibit poor peak shape or to irreversibly bind in either the injec-

tion port liner or the column itself. Zebron columns undergo special

deactivation procedures to minimize the acid-base interactions, which

improves peak shape and improves chromatographic separations.

1

2

3

4

56

7,8

9

10

11

9.5 min5.5 6.5 7.5 8.54.53.52.51.5

Zebron™ ZB-5ms

vs.Agilent® HP-5ms

Zebron ZB-5ms vs. Agilent HP-5ms Column Performance Evaluation


Part No.: 7HG-G010-11

Injection: Split @ 250 ˚C, 100 mL/min

Oven Program: 240 ˚C for 10 min to 280 ˚C @ 40 ˚C/min for10 min to 320 ˚C @ 40 ˚C/min for 10 min to340 ˚C @ 40 ˚C/min for 10 min to 360 ˚C @40 ˚C/min for 10 min

Detector: MS-Scan Range: 36-450 amu

Sample: 1. Propionic Acid2. Octane3. Nitrobutane4. 4-Picoline5. Trimethyl Phosphate

6. 1,2-Pentanediol7. Propylbenzene8. Heptanal9. 3-Octanone

10. Decane

Figure 2: BTEX solution and four alkane markers were separated using a ZB-WAX 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.50µm column. 1 = pentane, 2 = heptane, 3 = solvent(methylene chloride), 4 = benzene, 5 = decane, 6 =toluene, 7 - ethylbenzene, 8 = p-xylene, 9 = m-xylene, 10 = dodecane, 11 =o-xylene

Figure 3: BTEX solution with markers on ZB-5 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25 µm column. 1 = pentane, 2 = solvent(methylene chloride), 3 = benzene, 4 = heptane, 5 = toluene, 6 = ethylbenzene, 7 = m-xylene, 8 = p-xylene,9 = o-xylene, 10 = decane, 11 = dodecane


13

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

Summary of Zebron Stationary Phase Selection Based on Phase Polarity

Table 1: Phase Polarity

ZB-1

ZB-1ms

ZB-5

ZB-XLB

ZB-MR-1

ZB-MR-2

ZB-624

ZB-35

ZB-1701

ZB-1701P

ZB-50

ZB-WAX

ZB-FFAP

ZB-5ms

ZB-5MSi

ZB-1HT Inferno

ZB-5HT Inferno

ZB-WAXPLUS

5

LOW-POLARITY MEDIUM-POLARITY HIGH-POLARITY

8 9 11 1513 52 57 5818 19 24


14

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Column efficiency is directly proportional to column length, so longer columns will provide

higher resolution. However, there is not a direct relationship between efficiency and resolu-

tion. Based on the master resolution equation, resolution is proportional to the square root

of efficiency. This means that large increases in efficiency will not necessarily result in a

significant increase in separation.

There is also a direct relationship between column length and analysis time. When using

longer columns to increase separation power, the total analysis time will also increase.

The effect is more pronounced when using isothermal runs, but even in temperature pro-

grammed analyses the run time difference can be significant. When choosing column

length, it is important to find a column that provides the necessary resolution within an

acceptable run time.

Influence of Length on Resolution

Increasing the length will increase resolution in a square root relation. Due to disadvantages

of very long columns, increasing resolution by increasing the length is limited.

Influence of Length on Analysis Time

In order to increase resolution or sample capacity by increasing the length, the total analysis

time will also increase. Decreasing analysis time by increasing carrier gas velocity will cause

the column efficiency to decrease.

Other Considerations

Longer columns are more expensive because there is additional material and labor neces-

sary to produce these columns. However, cost per meter might be less for a 60 m column

than a 15 meter column. In an attempt to cut costs, some customers are tempted to cut

down a longer column into several shorter ones. We do not recommend this!

The cost on the shorter column is higher because we have individually QC tested that prod-

uct. When you buy a long column, our QC test evaluates the average performance of that

column over the entire length. In theory, the performance of the column should be the same

over the entire length, but is not guaranteed. The data you generate is too important and the

cost of getting bad data too high to risk anything but the best product.

Column Length

√—L ~ R

L ~ tR

RS =

√—N - 1 k4 k + 1

Efficiency Term

SelectivityTerm

RetentionTerm


15

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

General Guidelines

The length of the column should be chosen primarily to obtain an adequate efficiency. Most

GC methods have far more resolution than is necessary.

• In general, we recommend starting with 30-meter columns.

These are the ideal balance between resolution and runtime.

• Use shorter columns (15-meter) for sample screening or

samples that contain very few analytes.

• Use 60-meter or longer columns when better separation is

needed or for complex samples with closely eluting peaks.

Table 2: Uses and Trends by Column Length

15 m Applications Chromatographic Trends as Length Increases

105 m Applications

Rapid analysis Increased retention times Low boilers

High efficiency separations Increased efficiency More complex mixtures

Screening Greater resolution Less active samples

Simple mixtures Programmed temperature analysis

High molecular weight compounds

More chemically active components

15 m 150 m


16

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

ColumnInternal Diameter (ID)

RS =

√—N - 1 k4 k + 1

Efficiency Term

SelectivityTerm

RetentionTerm

The new developments of capillary column technology, and specifically in column ID, are

toward smaller internal diameters. Column efficiency is related to 1/ID of the column, so

the smaller the internal diameter the higher the column efficiency. As with column length,

resolution only increases by the square root of the efficiency so resolution may only increase

by 1.41 (square root of 2) when the ID is reduced by half. But unlike column length, using

smaller ID columns can actually lead to shorter analysis times because the column length

is often shorter.

Efficiency & Analysis Speed

As a general rule, the smaller the internal diameter, the shorter the analysis time will be for

a given resolution. The increase in efficiency offered by narrow bore GC columns often im-

proves separation enough to allow the same separation to be done in much less time.

To show how this is possible, consider Table 3 which shows various column IDs and their

corresponding efficiencies in plates/meter. When we compare a 30 meter x 0.25 mm ID col-

umn with a 20 meter x 0.18 mm ID column, we see that they have similar column efficiencies

or similar resolving power. However, the 0.18 column has 1/3 less length and therefore will

elute compounds in 1/3 less time.

Table 3: Column IDs and their corresponding efficiencies in plates/meter

Figure 4A shows the separation of 17 priority Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contami-

nants using a standard 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm column. By choosing a column with

a similar phase ratio but smaller ID, the method can be shortened by over 100 % while still

meeting resolution requirements for key analytes (Figures 4B & 4C).

Column ID

(mm)

Efficiency

(Plates/ Meter)

Typical Column

Length (Meters)

Column Efficiency

Plates/Column

0.10 7,500 10 75,000

0.18 5,700 20 114,000

0.20 5,000 20 100,000

0.25 4,100 30 123,000

0.32 3,350 30 100,500

0.53 1,500 30 45,000


17

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

Figure 4: Separation of 17 priority Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon contaminants using a Zebron ZB-5ms column. By choosing a column with similar phase ratio, but smaller ID, the method can be shortened by over 100 % while still meeting resolution requirements for key analytes. A) A 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm Zebron ZB-5ms will give a run time of 18 min. B) 11 min. run time on a 20 meter x 0.18 mm x 0.18 μm Zebron ZB-5ms. C) A 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 μm Zebron ZB-5ms run time will be shortened by over 100 % to 8 minutes.

Sample: 1. Naphthalene2. 2-Methylnaphthalene3. Acenaphthalene4. Acenaphthene5. Fluorene6. Phenanthrene7. Anthracene8. Fluoranthene9. Pyrene

10. Benz[a]anthracene11. Chrysene12. Benzo[b]fluoranthene13. Benzo[k]fluoranthene14. Benzo[a]pyrene15. Indeno[1,2,3-

cd]pyrene16. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene17. Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 min

1

2

3

4

5 67

89

10

11

12

13 14 15

16

17

App

ID 1

6017

Figure 4:

A: Separation of PAHs on ZB-5ms 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm ( = 250)

B: Separation of PAHs on ZB-5ms 20 meter x 0.18 mm x 0.18 μm ( = 250)

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8 9

10

11

12

1314

1516

17

1 3 5 7 9 11 min

App

ID 1

5560

m in2 3 4 5 6 7

1

2

3

45 6 7

8 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

App

ID 1

5806

C: Separation of PAHs on ZB-5ms 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 μm ( = 250)


18

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Sample Capacity

The smaller the internal diameter of a GC column, the lower the sample capacity, which can

affect method sensitivity. This is especially true when using column IDs < 0.25 mm. Contrary

to most people’s intuition, the difficulty is usually greatest on the higher concentration levels

not at the low concentrations. This is because peaks usually get sharper since they spend

less time in the column. As peaks get sharper, they also get taller so the low level sensitivity

is not usually a problem.

The mega-bore columns (0.53 mm ID) combine the general advantages of capillaries with

the high sample capacity of packed columns. Even a small increase of internal diameter

(e.g., from 0.25 to 0.32 mm) results in a significant increase in sample capacity. This can

be helpful when working with very high concentration samples. Adjusting the split ratio in

your inlet can sometimes allow a more concentrated sample to be injected into a smaller

ID column. See Table 4 below for the typical loading capacities for various ID columns. As

long as method sensitivity can be achieved, we recommend using the smallest internal

diameter possible. This allows you to take advantage of the increased resolving power and

high-throughput capabilities of the narrow bore columns.

Table 4: Typical Sample Capacity (max for single component)

Flow Rate & Column Head Pressure

The optimum flow rate for a given column is dependent on the column dimensions and

the carrier gas used. Higher flow rates usually result in shorter analysis times because the

analytes are being pushed through the column faster. The extent to which you can use flow

to shorten your analysis often depends on the system you are using.

When using GC/MS with larger ID columns and high flow rates, the system can have prob-

lems maintaining acceptable settings. The newer MS systems have better pumping and

flow control devices, which allows for larger ID columns to be used. The use of 0.53 mm ID

is still not possible without using some flow restriction system.

When working with smaller IDs, head pressure can become a problem because they require

a higher head pressure to maintain appropriate flow rates. Flow controlled systems main-

tain a constant flow rate by increasing head pressure as the oven temperature increases.

This can be especially problematic on a 0.10 mm ID column since the final pressure often

exceeds 100 psi. In most applications, we find that using column IDs ≥ 0.18 mm are com-

patible with the pressure limitations of most GC systems.

ID (mm) df (µm) Capacity (ng)

0.18 0.18 20-75

0.25 0.25 50-125

0.32 0.50 100-250

0.53 1.00 500-1,000

Note: Capacity represents maximum loading per component. Sample capacity increases with film thickness.


19

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

General Guidelines

ID (mm) Instrument Selection / Constraints

0.10 High operating pressures are needed.Might require system modifications.Easily overloaded, requires skilled technicians.

0.18 Similar operating parameters to the 0.25 mm ID.Increased efficiency allows for shorter run times.Good first step when looking to use narrow bore columns.Suited for use with mass spectrometers.

0.20 Small increase in efficiency vs. 0.25 mm ID columns.Suited for mass spectrometers.

0.25 Most popular dimension.On-column injection possible.Suited for mass spectrometric detection.

0.32 Easy to work with; good compromise between resolution and stability.Routine on-column injection.Compatible with newer mass spectrometric detection.

0.53 Can be installed in an adapted packed gas chromatograph.Easy on-column injection.Good for use with dirty or highly concentrated samples.


20

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

ColumnFilm Thickness (df)A column’s film thickness can affect several important chromatographic parameters including:

• Retention: thicker film columns provide higher retention of low boiling compounds

• Efficiency: thinner film columns provide higher efficiency

• Activity: thicker film columns have lower activity for acids-bases

• Loading Capacity: thicker film columns have higher loading capacity

• Bleed: thinner film columns have lower bleed

Retention (Phase Ratio)

The retention of the solute by the stationary phase largely depends on the temperature

and on the Phase Ratio ( ). Phase ratio for a given column is calculated using Equation 2;

smaller values result in greater retention. Chromatographically this means that when us-

ing columns of the same ID, the column with a thicker film will have greater retention for a

given analyte. For low k solutes (volatile components), retention can be increased through

the value (higher film thickness). Table 5 lists the values for common IDs and film thick-

nesses.

Table 5: Phase ratio ( ) value for common columns

When using columns of two different IDs, the same film thickness does not translate to

the same retention characteristics. The optimum phase ratio depends on the goal of the

separation. If analyte retention is low, a column with a low can be used to increase reten-

tion. If column provides good retention, can be reduced to increase column efficiency and

decrease run time.

Film Thickness

df (µm)

Column Diameter (mm)

0.10 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.32 0.53

0.10 250 450 500 625 800 1325

0.18 139 250 278 347 444 736

0.25 100 180 200 250 320 530

0.33 –– –– 151 –– –– ––

0.50 –– 90 100 125 160 265

1.00 –– –– 50 63 80 133

1.50 –– –– –– 42 53 88

3.00 –– –– –– 21 27 44

5.00 –– –– –– 13 16 27

Increasing Retention

Incr

easi

ng R

eten

tion

Equation 2: = –––––––– 4 x dfID Internal Diameter (µm)df Film Thickness (µm)

ID

RS =

√—N - 1 k4 k + 1

Efficiency Term

SelectivityTerm

RetentionTerm


21

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

The separation of light hydrocarbon impurities found in butane is an example. On a column

with a high such as the Zebron ZB-1 60 meter x 0.32 mm x 0.25 µm ( = 320) the isomers

co-elute due to the lack of interaction with the stationary phase (Figure 5). By using a column

with a lower such as the Zebron ZB-1 60 meter x 0.32 mm x 3.00 µm ( = 27), we are able to

achieve separation (Figure 6).

Figure 5

Figure 6

There is a limited benefit to increasing column retention. When working at k < 2 min, retention

will tend to fall to 0. With these analytes, increasing the film thickness is a very good way to

improve retention and allow time for separation to take place. In some cases using thick film

columns can eliminate the need to use cryogenic cooling.

The optimal range for retention in most cases is 2-10 min (Figure 7); in complex samples 2-20

min may be necessary. When analysis time is above 20 min, the benefit of increasing reten-

tion time is decreased and the film thickness should be kept as low as possible to maximize

column efficiency.

App

ID 1

5426

0 1 2

2

1

3

4

3 4 5 6 7 min

App

ID 1

4821

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 min

1

2 3 4

Butane Purity

Column: Zebron ZB-1


Part No.: 7KM-G001-11

Injection: Split 10:1 @ 200 ˚C, 5 µL

Carrier Gas: Hydrogen @ 6.5 mL/min (constant flow)

Oven Program: 40 ˚C (Isothermal)

Detector: FID @ 200 ˚C

Sample: 1. Ethane2. Propane3. Isobutane4. Butane

Butane Purity

Column: Zebron ZB-1


Part No.: 7KM-G001-36





Sample: 1. Ethane2. Propane3. Isobutane4. Butane


22

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Figure 7: Influence of Retention Factor (k) on Resolution

Influence on Efficiency

Column efficiency is proportional to 1/df, which means thinner film columns will provide the

highest efficiency. For thick film columns (low value), the resistance to mass transfer in the

liquid phase (CL) can no longer be ignored. We recommend you use the thinnest film column

possible that still provides adequate retention.

The exception to this rule is when working with acidic-basic compounds. Thicker film col-

umns prevent secondary interaction between the analyte and silanol groups on the walls of

the capillary tubing. When working with active samples, using a slightly thicker film column

can significantly improve peak shape, calibration stability and can also lead to longer col-

umn lifetimes.

The drawback to using thicker film columns is that they will have slightly higher bleed, which

can affect sensitivity. For analysis where bleed and activity are important, we suggest using

our MS certified phases because they are specially designed to improve both.

1.0

0.9

0.8

Optimal range for retentionEffienciency

0.7

0.6

k/(1

+k)

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 min


23

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

General Guidelines

• Thin film columns for the analysis of high boiling compounds.

• Medium film columns for:

– Solutes with wide boiling point range

– Medium boiling compounds

• Thick film columns for volatile compounds

Table 6: Uses and Trends by Column Film Thickness

0.10 µm Applications Chromatographic Trends as Film Thickness Increases

5.0 µm Applications

Rapid analysis Increased retention times Low boilers, e.g., gases, solvents, purgeables (BP < 25 ˚C)

High efficiency separations Increased resolution (for low boiling compounds)

Used more with wide ID columns

High MW compounds Upper temperature limit decreases More chemically active components

Less chemically active components Bleed increases

MS applications More narrow boiling point range for analytes

0.10 µm 5.0 µm


24

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Zebron GC Column Selection Chart

Mixed-Polarity

General Analytes

ZB-5msZB-MR-1ZB-XLB

Pesticides

ZB-MR-1ZB-MR-2ZB-5msZB-XLB

Polar

Semi-Volatile Volatile

ZB-624ZB-WAXPLUS

ZB-WAXNeutralBase Acidic

ZB-WAXZB-50ZB-35

ZB-XLBZB-MR-2

ZB-WAXZB-XLB

ZB-FFAPZB-XLB

ZB-MR-2

Non-Polar

Semi-VolatileVolatile

ZB-1*ZB-5*Plot

*Thick Film (≥1.00 µm)

NeutralActive (Acids/Bases)

ZB-5ZB-5msZB-1msZB-5MSi

ZB-1HT Inferno™

ZB-5HT Inferno™

ZB-XLB

ZB-5ZB-5msZB-5MSi

ZB-1HT Inferno™

ZB-5HT Inferno™

ZB-XLB

Your Analytes


25

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

This section is, neither in terms of manufacturers nor in terms of their products, a complete list,

and the accuracy of the data is not guaranteed. Small differences in dimensions or performance

might be possible and slight adjustments to your application may be necessary.

Composition Phenomenex Restek J&W SupelcoAgilentTechnologies (HP) Alltech SGE

Varian(Chrompack) OV

100 % dimethyl-polysiloxane

ZEBRONZB-1

Rtx-1,Rtx-1PONA,Rtx-1 F&F

DB-1,DB-2887,DB-1 EVDX

SPB-1,SPB-1 TG, SE-30,MET-1,SPB-1 Sulfur,SPB-HAP

HP-1,HP-101,HP-PONA,Ultra 1

AT-1,AT-Sulfur,EC-1

BP1,BP1-PONA,BPX1-SimD,

CP-Sil 5 CB OV-1


ZEBRONZB-1ms

Rtx-1ms DB-1ms MDN-1Equity-1

HP-1ms AT-1ms SolGel-1ms CP-Sil 5 CB MSVF-1ms


ZEBRONZB-1HT Inferno

MXT-1 SimDist DB-1HT Petrocol 2887 CP-SimDist

5 %-phenyl-95 %-dimethylpolysiloxane

ZEBRONZB-5

Rtx-5 DB-5 MDN-5, SPB-5,PTE-5, SE-54, PTA-5, SAC-5, Equity-5

HP-5, Ultra 2,HP-PAS-5,

AT-5, EC-5

BP5,BPX5

CP-Sil 8 CB OV-5


ZEBRONZB-5MSi

Rtx-5ms, Rtx-5Amine,Rxi-5ms

DB-5 MDN-5S HP-5ms, HP-5msi

5 %-phenyl-Arylene-95 %-dimethylpolysiloxane

ZEBRONZB-5ms

Rtx-5SilMS DB-5ms,DB-5.625,DB-5ms EVDX

VF-5ms,CP-Sil 8 CB MS


ZEBRONZB-5HT Inferno

Stx-5HTXTI-5HT

DB-5HT HT-5 VF-5HT


ZEBRONZB-35

Rtx-35Rtx-35ms

DB-35,DB-35ms

MDN-35, SPB-35, SPB-608

HP-35,HP-35ms

AT-35 BPX35,BPX608

OV-11


ZEBRONZB-50

Rtx-50 DB-17,DB-17HT,DB-17ms,DB-17 EVDX

SP-2250,SPB-17,SPB-50

HP-50+ AT-50 BPX50 CP-Sil 24 CB

6 %-cyanopropyl-phenyl-94 %-dimethyl-polysiloxane

ZEBRONZB-624

Rtx-1301,Rtx-624

DB-1301,DB-624,DB-VRX

SPB-1301,SPB-624

HP-VOC AT-624,AT-1301

BP624 CP-1301CP-Select 624 CB

OV-624

14 %-cyanopropyl-phenyl-86 %-dimethylpolysiloxane

ZEBRONZB-1701

Rtx-1701 DB-1701 SPB-1701,Equity-1701

AT-1701 BP10 CP-Sil 19 CB OV-1701

14 %-cyanopropyl-phenyl-86 %-dimethylpolysiloxane

ZEBRONZB-1701P

DB-1701P

Polyethylene glycol ZEBRONZB-WAX

Rtx-WAX,Famewax,Stabilwax-DB

DB-WAXetr Met-Wax,Omegawax

HP-INNOWax EC-Wax SolGel-WAX CP-Wax 57 CB

Polyethylene glycol ZEBRONZB-WAXPLUS

Stabilwax DB-WAX, CAM

Supelcowax 10 HP-20MCarbowax-20M

AT-WaxAT-AquaWax

BP20 CP-Wax 52 CB Carbo-wax 20M

Nitroterephthalic acid modified polyethylene glycol

ZEBRONZB-FFAP

Stabilwax-DB DB-FFAP Nukol,SPB-1000

HP-FFAP AT-1000,EC-1000

BP21 CP-Wax 58 CB OV-351

Proprietary ZEBRONZB-Multi-Residue 1 (MR-1)

Rtx-CLPesticides,Stx-CLPesticides

Proprietary ZEBRONZB-Multi-Residue 2 (MR-2)

Rtx-CLPesticides2,Stx-CLPesticides2

Proprietary ZEBRONZB-XLB

Rtx-XLB DB-XLB MDN-12 VF-Xms

Zebron GC Columns by Manufacturer and Cross Reference

Exclusive Phenomenex

2007 Winner. Top 100 technologically significant products.


26

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

GC Column Selectionby EPA SpecificationsListed below are a few of our recommended Zebron columns for EPA analyses. Other

possible columns can also be used for these analyses. Please contact Phenomenex for

your specific GC column needs.

EPA Drinking Water Test Methods

Method DescriptionPhenomenexRecommendation Page

501.3 Trihalomethanes by GC/MS and SIM ZB-624 40

502.2 Volatile Halogenated Organics in Water by Purge & Trap GC/PID/ELCD ZB-624 40

503.1 Volatile Aromatics & Unsaturated Organics by Purge & Trap GC ZB-624 40

504.1 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB), 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), and 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (123TCP) by GC/ECD

ZB-1, ZB-624 31, 40

505 Organohalide Pesticides & Aroclors by GC/ECD ZB-1, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2 31, 50, 51

507 Nitrogen & Phosphorus Containing Pesticides in Water by GC/NPD ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2 50, 51

508 Chlorinated Pesticides in Water by GC/ECD ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2 50, 51

513 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by GC w/ high resolution Mass Spec ZB-5ms 36, 37

515.2 Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water Using Liquid-Solid Extraction & GC/ECD ZB-5ms, ZB-1701P 36, 37, 43

524.2 Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Purge & Trap Capillary Column GC/MS

ZB-624 40

525 Organic Compounds in Drinking Waterby Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column GC/MS

ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

551.1 Chlorinated Solvents & Disinfection By-Productsin Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction & GC/ECD

ZB-35 38

552.2 Haloacetic Acids & Dalapon in Drinking Waterby Ion-Exchange Liquid-Solid Extraction & GC/ECD

ZB-5ms, ZB-35, ZB-1701, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2

36, 37, 38, 42, 50, 51


27

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

EPA Waste Water Test Methods


601 Purgeable Halocarbons ZB-624 40

602 Purgeable Aromatics ZB-624 40

603 Acrolein & Acrylonitrile ZB-624 40

604 Phenols ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

606 Phthalate Esters ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

607 Nitrosamines ZB-5ms, ZB-35, ZB-1701P, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37, 38, 43

608 Organochlorine Pesticides & PCBs ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB 44, 50, 51

609 Nitroaromatics & Isophorone ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

610 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ZB-5ms 36, 37

611 Haloethers ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

612 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

613 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ZB-5ms 36, 37

615 Chlorinated Herbicides ZB-5, ZB-35, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi, ZB-XLB

34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 44, 50, 51

619 Triazine Herbicides ZB-5, ZB-50, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-5MSi, ZB-XLB

34, 35, 39, 44, 50, 51

622 Organophosphorus Pesticides ZB-5, ZB-35, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-5MSi, ZB-XLB

34, 35, 38, 44, 50, 51

624 Purgeable Volatiles ZB-624 40

625 Base/Neutral and Acids ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

1618 Organophosphorus Pesticides, OrganohalidePesticides, Phenoxyacid Herbicides

ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB 44, 50, 51

1624 Volatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GC/MS ZB-624 40

1625 Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GC/MS ZB-5ms 36, 37

1653 Chlorinated Phenols in Waste Water by In-Situ Acetylation and GC/MS ZB-5ms 36, 37

GC Column Selectionby EPA SpecificationsListed below are a few of our recommended Zebron columns for EPA analyses. Other




28

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Listed below are a few of our recommended Zebron columns for EPA analyses. Other



EPA Solid Waste Test Methods


8010B Halogenated Volatile Organics ZB-624 40

8015B Nonhalogenated Volatile Organics ZB-5, ZB-624, ZB-5HT, ZB-5MSi

34, 35, 40, 48, 49

8021B Aromatic and Halogenated Volatiles ZB-624 40

8030A Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Acetonitrile ZB-624 40

8041 Phenols ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

8061A Phthalate Esters ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

8081A Organochlorine Pesticides ZB-5, ZB-35, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB

34, 38, 44, 50, 51

8082 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) by GC ECD ZB-5, ZB-5MSi, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB

34, 35, 44, 50, 51

8091 Nitroaromatics and Cyclic Ketones ZB-5ms 36, 37

8100 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

8121 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB

35, 36, 37, 44, 50, 51

8141A Organophosphorus Pesticides ZB-5, ZB-5MSi, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB

34, 50, 51

8151A Chlorinated Herbicides ZB-5ms, ZB-35, ZB-MR-1, ZB-MR-2, ZB-XLB

36, 37, 38, 50, 51

8260B GC/MS for Volatile Organics: Capillary Column Techniques ZB-624 40

8270C GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Techniques ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 35, 36, 37

8280A Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ZB-5, ZB-5ms, ZB-5MSi 34, 35, 36, 37

GC Column Selectionby EPA Specifications


29

Intr

od

uct

ion

to

Co

lum

n S

elec

tio

nZ

ebro

n G

C C

olum

nsG

C A

cces

sori

esS

PE

Pro

duct

sA

pplic

atio

nsZ

ebro

n O

verv

iew

GC Column Selectionby ASTM SpecificationsListed below are a few of our recommended Zebron columns for ASTM methods. Other

possible columns can also be used for these analyses. Please contact Phenomenex for your

specific GC column needs.

ASTM Methods


D 1945 Natural gas PLT-5A

D 1946 Reformed gas PLT-5A , ZB-1 31

D 1983 FAME analysis BPX70

D 2245 Oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints BPX70

D 2268 Analysis of n-heptane and iso-octane (high purity) ZB-1 31

D 2306-96

Xylene isomers ZB-WAX, ZB-WAXPLUS 45, 46, 47

D 2426 Butadiene and styrene in butadiene concentrates ZB-1 31

D 2504 Non-condensable gases in C1-C3 hydrocarbons PLT-5A

D 2580 Phenols in water ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

D 2600 Aromatic traces in light saturated hydrocarbons ZB-WAX 45

D 2743 Oil and oil acids BPX70


D 2804 Purity of methyl ethyl ketone ZB-WAX 45

D 2887 SimDist analysis of petroleum fractions ZB-1 31

D 2908 Volatile organics in water ZB-624, ZB-WAXPLUS 40, 46, 47

D 2998 Volatile organics in water ZB-1 31

D 2999 Monopentaerythritol in commercial pentaerythritol ZB-1 31

D 3009 Composition of turpentine ZB-WAXPLUS 46, 47

D 3054 Purity and benzene content of cyclohexane ZB-1 31

D 3086 Organochlorine pesticides in water ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

D 3168 Polymers in emulsion paints ZB-1 31

D 3271 Solvent analysis in paints ZB-WAXPLUS 46, 47

D 3304 PCBs in environmental materials ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

D 3328 Comparison of waterborne petroleum oils ZB-1 31

D 3329 Purity of methyl isobutyl ketone ZB-WAXPLUS 46, 47

D 3416 Total hydrocarbons, methane and CO in air PLT-5A

D 3432 Toluene diisocyanates in urethane prepolymers ZB-1 31

D 3447 Purity of trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) ZB-1 31

D 3452 Identification of rubber ZB-1, ZB-1HT 31



D 3465 Purity of monomeric plasticizers ZB-1 31

D 3524 Diesel fuel in lubricating oil (SAE 30) ZB-1, ZB-1HT 31

D 3534 PCBs in water ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

D 3606 Benzene and toluene in gasoline ZB-1 31

D 3687 Volatile organic compounds ZB-WAXPLUS, ZB-WAX 45, 46, 47

D 3710 SimDist analysis of gasoline and gasoline fractions ZB-1, ZB-1HT 31

D 3725 Fatty acids in drying oils ZB-FFAP 41

D 3760 Analysis of cumene ZB-WAXPLUS, ZB-WAX 45, 46, 47

D 3797 Analysis of o-xylene ZB-WAXPLUS, ZB-WAX 45, 46, 47

D 3798 Analysis of p-xylene impurities ZB-WAXPLUS, ZB-WAX 45, 46, 47

D 3876 Methoxyl and hydroxypropyl substitution in cellulose ether products

ZB-1 31

D 3962 Impurities in styrene ZB-FFAP 41

D 4059 PCBs in insulating liquids ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

D 4275 Butylated hydroxy toluene in ethylene and ethylenevin-ylacetate polymers

ZB-1 31

D 4367 Benzene in hydrocarbon solvent ZB-1 31

D 4420 Aromatics in gasoline ZB-1 31

D 4735 Thiophene impurities in benzene ZB-FFAP 41

D 4768 Phenol and cresol inhibitors in insulating oils ZB-FFAP 41

D 5060 Impurities in ethylbenzene ZB-WAXPLUS, ZB-WAX, ZB-FFAP

41, 45, 46, 47

D 5134 Petroleum naphthas through n-nonane ZB-1 31

D 5135-35

Analysis of styrene ZB-WAXPLUS, ZB-WAX 45, 46, 47

D 5580 Aromatics in finished gasoline ZB-1 31

D 6352 Extended SimDist ZB-1HT 48, 49

D 6584 Determination of glycerine in biodiesel ZB-5HT 48, 49

E 0202 Analysis of glycols ZB-WAXPLUS 46, 47

E 1100 Analysis of denaturated ethanol ZB-WAXPLUS 46, 47


30

Intro

du

ction

to C

olu

mn

Selectio

nZ

ebron GC

Colum

nsG

C A

ccessoriesS

PE

Products

Applications

Zebron O

verview

Listed below are a few of our recommended Zebron columns for ASTM methods. Other

possible columns can also be used for these analyses. Please contact Phenomenex for your

specific GC column needs.

USP Column Classifications

GC Column Selectionby USP Specifications


G1 Dimethylpolysiloxane oil ZB-1, ZB-1ms 31, 32, 33

G2 Dimethylpolysiloxane gum ZB-1, ZB-1ms 31, 32, 33

G3 50 % Phenyl-50 % methylpolysiloxane ZB-50 39

G5 3-Cyanopropylpolysiloxane BPS70

G7 50 % 3-Cyanopropyl-50 % phenylmethylsilicone 007-225

G14 Polyethylene glycol (average MW 950-1,050) ZB-WAX, ZB-WAXPLUS 45, 46, 47

G15 Polyethylene glycol (average MW 3,000-3,700) ZB-WAX, ZB-WAXPLUS 45, 46, 47

G16 Polyethylene glycol (average MW 15,000) ZB-WAX, ZB-WAXPLUS 45, 46, 47


G19 25 % Phenyl-25 % cyanopropylmethylsilicone 007-225

G20 Polyethylene glycol (average MW of 380-420) ZB-WAX, ZB-WAXPLUS 45, 46, 47

G25 Polyethylene glycol TPA (Carbowax 20M terephthalic acid) ZB-FFAP 41

G27 5 % Phenyl-95 % methylpolysiloxane ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

G27 5 % Phenyl-Arylene-95 % methylpolysiloxane ZB-5ms 36, 37


G32 20 % Phenylmethyl-80 % dimethylpolysiloxane ZB-35 38

G35 Polyethylene glycol & diepoxide esterified with nitroterephthalic acid ZB-FFAP 41

G36 1 % Vinyl-5 % phenylmethylpolysiloxane ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

G38 Phase G1 plus a tailing inhibitor ZB-1 31

G39 Polyethylene glycol (average MW 1,500) ZB-WAX, ZB-WAXPLUS 45, 46, 47

G41 Phenylmethyldimethylsilicone (10 % phenyl substituted) ZB-5, ZB-5MSi 34, 35

G42 35 % Phenyl-65 % dimethylpolysiloxane ZB-35 38

G43 6 % Cyanopropylphenyl-94 % dimethylpolysiloxane ZB-624 40

G46 14 % Cyanopropylphenyl-86 % methylpolysiloxane ZB-1701 42


31

Intr

oduc

tion

to C

olum

n S

elec

tion

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wZ

ebro

n G

C C

olu

mn

s

• Temperature Limits: -60 to 360/370 ˚C (Isothermal/TPGC)*

• Low polarity column

• Used for “fingerprinting” and routine quality control analyses (e.g., citrus oils)

• Equivalent to USP Phase G2

ZB-1 GC Columns

Ordering InformationID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.10-Meter0.53 2.65 -60 to 340/360 7CK-G001-35

15-Meter0.25 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G001-02

0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G001-11

0.25 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7EG-G001-22

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EM-G001-11

0.32 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7EM-G001-22

0.53 0.15 -60 to 360/370 7EK-G001-05

0.53 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7EK-G001-17

0.53 1.50 -60 to 340/360 7EK-G001-28

0.53 3.00 -60 to 340/360 7EK-G001-36

0.53 5.00 -60 to 340/360 7EK-G001-39

ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.30-Meter0.25 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G001-02

0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G001-11

0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G001-17

0.25 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G001-22

0.32 0.25 -60 to 340/360 7HM-G001-11

0.32 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G001-17

0.32 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G001-22

0.32 5.00 -60 to 340/360 7HM-G001-39

0.53 0.10 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G001-02

0.53 0.50 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G001-17

0.53 1.50 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G001-28

0.53 3.00 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G001-36

0.53 5.00 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G001-39

ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.50-Meter0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7JG-G001-17

60-Meter0.25 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G001-02

0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G001-11

0.25 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7KG-G001-22

0.32 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7KM-G001-02

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7KM-G001-11

0.32 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7KM-G001-22

0.32 3.00 -60 to 340/360 7KM-G001-36

0.53 1.50 -60 to 340/360 7KK-G001-28

100-Meter0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7MG-G001-17

Test MixZebron ZB-1 AG0-5155

ApplicationsAmines Mercaptans Pesticides

Drugs of abuse MTBE Semi-volatiles

Essential oils Natural gas odorants Simulated distillation

Ethanol Oxygenates and GROs Solvent impurities

Gases (refinery) PCBs Sulfur compounds (light)

Hydrocarbons

App

ID 1

4943 Simulated Distillation Markers: ASTM Method 2887

Column: Zebron ZB-1

Dimensions: 10 meter x 0.53 mm x 2.65 µm

Part No.: 7CK-G001-35



Oven Program: 35 ˚C to 360 ˚C @ 15 ˚C/min for 5 min


Sample: Analytes are 0.1 % in carbon disulfide.

1. Pentane (C5)2. Hexane (C6)3. Heptane (C7)4. Octane (C8)5. Nonane (C9)6. Decane (C10)7. Undecane (C11)

8. Dodecane (C12)9. Tetradecane (C14)

10. Pentadecane (C15)11. Hexadecane (C16)12. Heptadecane (C17)13. Octadecane (C18)14. Eicosane (C20)

15. Tetracosane (C24)16. Octacosane (C28)17. Dotriacontane (C32)18. Hexatriacontane (C36)19. Tetracontane (C40)20. Tetratetracontane (C44)

App

ID 1

266 Hazardous Substances

Column: Zebron ZB-1



Injection: Split 20:1 @ 250 ˚C


Oven Program: 50 ˚C to 200 ˚C @ 6 ˚C/min


Sample: 1. Aniline2. Benzyl alcohol3. 2-Methylphenol4. 4-Methylphenol5. Benzoic acid6. 4-Chloroaniline

7. 2-Methylnaphthalene8. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol9. 2-Nitroaniline

10. 3-Nitroaniline11. Dibenzofuran12. 4-Nitroaniline

0 11 22 min

12

11

108

7

6

43

2

1

5

9

If you need a 5 in. cage, simply add a (-B) after the part number,e.g., 7HG-G001-11-B.

*Thicker films (≥1.0 µm df) are rated to 340/360 ˚C (Isothermal/TPGC).

Alternative to Any 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:DB-1 Rtx-1 Rtx-1PONA BP1 SE-30 DB-1 EVDX HP-PONA

HP-1 Rtx-1 F&F SPB-1 007-1 AT-1 DB-2887 HP-101

MET-1 CP-Sil 5 CB OV-1 Ultra 1

Polarity

Bleed

Temperature Limits

Stability

Low High

Column Profile

CERTIFIED

MSESCEQUIPPED

PROTECT YOUR GC COLUMN. TRY Z-GUARD WITH YOUR NEXT ZEBRON ORDER.

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

1

2

3

4 56 7 8

9 1011 1213 1415

1617

18

19

20


32


n Selection

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplicationsZ

ebron Overview

Zeb

ron

GC

Co

lum

ns

Lower Overall Column Activity

Activity is a key measure of column quality. This is why Zebron™ ZB-1ms columns are

aggressively tested to ensure full deactivation. Below is an example of the aggressive

QC test mix we use, notice the low tailing for even the most active compounds like 2-

Ethylhexanoic Acid!

Enhanced ESC Bonding Technology

After years of research, we have been able to improve upon our original technology! Using

advanced polymer fractionation and curing techniques, we have been able to lower our

bleed specification by 50 % and still maintain the low activity surface you have come to

depend on! The new ZB-1ms is truly the only 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane column you will

ever need!

• Temperature Limits: -60 to 360/370 ˚C (Isothermal/TPGC)

• Lowered bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to highsensitivity GC/MS

• Extremely inert for active compounds such as drugs or pesticides

• Improved signal-to-noise ratio for better sensitivity andmass spectral integrity

• Identical selectivity to the ZB-1

• Available with Guardian Integrated Guard Columns


ZB-1ms GC Columns

ApplicationsAmines Diesel Fuel Pesticides

Acids Drugs of Abuse Flavors and Fragrances

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (EPA Method 1668)

Column: Zebron ZB-1ms



Injection: Split Flow 100 mL/min @ 250 ˚C, 1.0 µL




Sample: 1. Decane2. 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid3. 4-Chlorophenol4. Naphthalene

5. Tridecane 6. 1-Undecanol

7. Dicyclohexylamine 8. Pentadecane

Alternative to Any MS-Certified 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:DB-1ms HP-1ms Rtx-1MS VF-1ms Equity-1 MDN-1 AT-1ms

SOLGEL-1ms CP-Sil 5 CB ms

360 ºC

200000

400000

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 min

The shaded area depicts the bleed criteria for MS certified columns on a MS detector. MS bleed certification values are typically read at 320 ºC. This demonstrates the low bleed capabilities of the ZB-1ms. It meets MS certification limits even at 360 ºC!

320 ºC




Injection: Null injection @ 250 ˚C


Oven Program: 40 ˚C to 360 ˚C @ 10 ˚C/min hold for 10 min

Detector: MSD @ 40-500 amu

Column Profile

Polarity

Bleed

Temperature Limits

Stability

Low High

1

1

2

35

4

6 7

8

5 10 min

App

ID 1

5545

CERTIFIED

MSESCEQUIPPED


33

Intr

oduc

tion

to C

olum

n S

elec

tion

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wZ

ebro

n G

C C

olu

mn

s

Fast GC Narrow Bore Columns

In today’s fast paced world of chemical analyses, the demand to produce results more quickly

is greater than ever. The analysis of orange oil below demonstrates the ability of Fast GC

columns to dramatically decrease analysis times. For important considerations on how to

convert an existing method to Fast GC, please contact your Phenomenex representative.

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 min

1 2 3,4

56

7

8

9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

2122

Ordering InformationID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.10-Meter0.10 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7CB-G011-02

12-Meter0.20 0.33 -60 to 360/370 7DE-G011-14

15-Meter0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G011-11

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EM-G011-11

20-Meter0.18 0.18 -60 to 360/370 7FD-G011-08

25-Meter0.20 0.33 -60 to 360/370 7GE-G011-14


0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G011-11

0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G011-17

0.25 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G011-22

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G011-11

0.32 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G011-22

ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.60-Meter0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G011-11

0.25 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G011-22

0.32 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7KM-G011-22

Test MixZebron ZB-1ms AG0-7805

Orange OilColumn: Zebron ZB-1ms

Dimensions: 60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μmPart No.: 7KG-G011-11

Injection: Split 75:1 @ 275 ˚C, 0.2 µLCarrier Gas: Helium @ 0.8 mL/min (constant flow)

Oven Program: 75 ˚C for 4 min to 250 ˚C @ 4 ˚C/min for 5 minDetector: MSD @ 20-350 amuSample: 1. -Pinene

2. -Phellandrine 3. -Myrcene 4. Octanal 5. 3-Carene 6. Limonene 7. Nonanal 8. Linalool 9. cis-Limonene Oxide 10. trans-Limonene Oxide 11. Citronellal

12. -Terpineol 13. Decanal 14. Neral 15. Carvone 16. Gerenial 17. -Cubenene 18. Dodecanal 19. -Cubenene 20. Valencene 21. Cadinine 22. Nootkatone

40 min

1 2 3,4 6

5

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1819

20

21 22

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 min

FAST15 min

Orange OilColumn: Zebron ZB-1ms

Dimensions: 20 meter x 0.18 mm x 0.18 μmPart No.: 7FD-G011-08

Injection: Split 100:1 @ 180 ˚C, 1µLCarrier Gas: Helium @ 1.0 mL/min (constant flow)

Oven Program: 50 ˚C to 100 ˚C @ 6 ˚C/min to 275 ˚C @ 18 ˚C/min for 4 min

Detector: MSD @ 30-350 amuSample: 1. -Pinene

2. -Phellandrine 3. -Myrcene 4. Octanal 5. 3-Carene 6. Limonene 7. Nonanal 8. Linalool 9. cis-Limonene Oxide 10. trans-Limonene Oxide 11. Citronellal

12. -Terpineol 13. Decanal 14. Neral 15. Carvone 16. Gerenial 17. -Cubenene 18. Dodecanal 19. -Cubenene 20. Valencene 21. Cadinine 22. Nootkatone

App

ID 1

5580

App

ID 1

5571




34


n Selection

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplicationsZ

ebron Overview

Zeb

ron

GC

Co

lum

ns

• Temperature Limits: -60 to 360/370 ˚C (Isothermal/TPGC)*

• Versatile low polarity column

• Low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity work using GC/MS

• Extremely inert for active compounds such as drugs or pesticides

• Resilient to dirty samples - long column life

• Great column for unknown samples


ZB-5 GC Columns

Ordering Information

App

ID 1

4876 Phthalate Esters: EPA Method 606

Column: Zebron ZB-5


Part No.: 7HK-G002-28



Oven Program: 40 ˚C for 6 min to 300 ˚C @ 10 ˚C/min for 15 min


Sample: 1. Dimethyl Phthalate2. Diethyl Phthalate3. Di-n-butyl Phthalate

4. Butyl Benzyl Phthalate5. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate6. Di-n-octyl Phthalate

ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.15-Meter0.25 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G002-02

0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G002-11

0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G002-17

0.25 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7EG-G002-22

0.32 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7EM-G002-02

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EM-G002-11

0.32 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7EM-G002-22

0.53 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7EK-G002-17

0.53 1.50 -60 to 340/360 7EK-G002-28

0.53 3.00 -60 to 340/360 7EK-G002-36

20-Meter0.18 0.18 -60 to 360/370 7FD-G002-08


0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G002-11

0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G002-17

0.25 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7HG-G002-22

0.32 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G002-02

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G002-11

0.32 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G002-17

0.32 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7HM-G002-22

0.53 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HK-G002-17

0.53 1.50 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G002-28

0.53 3.00 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G002-36

0.53 5.00 -60 to 340/360 7HK-G002-39


0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G002-11

0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G002-17

0.25 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7KG-G002-22

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7KM-G002-11

0.32 1.00 -60 to 340/360 7KM-G002-22

0.53 1.50 -60 to 340/360 7KK-G002-28

Test MixZebron ZB-5 AG0-5155

0

1 23 4

5 6

10 20 30 40 min

ApplicationsAlkaloids FAMEs Phenols

Dioxins Halo-hydrocarbons Residual Solvents

Drugs PCBs/Aroclors Semi-volatiles

Essential Oils/Flavors Pesticides/Herbicides

Alternative to Any 5 %-Phenyl- 95 %-Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:DB-5 HP-PAS-5 SPB-5 007-5 SE-54 EC-5 Ultra 2

HP-5 MDN-5 OV-5 AT-5 BP5 HP-101 CP-SIL 8 CB

Rtx-5 Equity-5 MDN-5 AT-5 BPX5 HP-5 Trace Analysis

Column Profile

Polarity

Bleed

Temperature Limits

Stability

Low High


*Thicker films (≥1.0 µm df) are rated to 340/360 ˚C (Isothermal/TPGC).

CERTIFIED

MSESCEQUIPPED



35

Intr

oduc

tion

to C

olum

n S

elec

tion

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wZ

ebro

n G

C C

olu

mn

s


• Highly inert - improved peak shape for acidic/basic compounds

• MS certified low-bleed levels provide maximum sensitivity

• Industry leading QC specifications ensure column-to- column performance

• ESC bonding results in phase stability and high temperature limits

• Traditional bonding chemistry provides the same selectivity as the ZB-5 columns

ZB-5MSi GC Columns

Ordering Information

ApplicationsDrugs of Abuse FAMEs Pesticides

Nitrosamines Phenols EPA Methods

App

ID 1

6410 Phenols

Column: Zebron ZB-5MSi

Dimensions: 30 meters x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm


Injection: Split 5:1@ 240 ˚C, 1 μL


Oven Program: 60 ˚C to 140 ˚C @ 5 ˚C/min to 280 ˚C @ 10 ˚C/min

Detector: MSD @ 230 ˚C; 45-450 amu

Sample: 1. Phenol2. 2-Chlorophenol3. 2-Methylphenol4. 4-Methylphenol5. 3-Methylphenol6. 2,6-Dimethylphenol7. 2-Nitrophenol8. 2-Ethylphenol9. 2,4-Dimethylphenol

10. 3,5-Dimethylphenol11. 2,5-Dimethylphenol12. 4-Ethylphenol13. 3-Ethylphenol14. 2,4-Dichlorophenol

15. Benzoic Acid16. 2,3-Dimethylphenol17. 3,4-Dimethylphenol18. 2.6-Dichlorophenol19. 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol20. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol21. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol22. 2,4-Dinitrophenol23. 4-Nitrophenol24. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol25. 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol26. Pentachlorophenol27. Dinoseb

Alternative to Any 5 %-Phenyl- 95 %-Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:DB-5 Rtx-5ms MDN-5S HP-5ms Rtx-5Amine HP-5msi Rxi-5ms

ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.15-Meter0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G018-11


0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G018-17

0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G018-11

0.32 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G018-17


Test MixZebron ZB-5MSi AG0-8362

Column Profile

Low High

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 min

1 23

4,5

67

812

9,10,11

13,14,15

161718 19 20 21

2223

24

25

2627


CERTIFIED

MSESCEQUIPPED


Polarity

Bleed

Temperature Limits

Stability


36


n Selection

GC

Accessories

SP

E P

roductsA

pplicationsZ

ebron Overview

Zeb

ron

GC

Co

lum

ns


• Arylene Matrix Technology™ (AMT)

• Fully conditioned within 35 minutes

• High response for acids and bases = Very low activity

• Enhanced resolution of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other multi-ring aromatic compounds

• The perfect choice for EPA Methods 525, 610, 625, 8100, and 8270


Arylene Matrix Technology™

The Zebron ZB-5ms is the accumulation of more than 15 years of

GC column manufacturing experience! We have applied our propri-

etary Engineered Self Cross-linking™ (ESC) bonding to an Arylene

polymer chemistry and created the new Arylene Matrix Technology.

The resulting columns have long lifetime, enhanced selectivity and

lower bleed than traditional Arylene products.

Low Bleed / Fast Conditioning

Achieves MS-Certified bleed level after only 35 minutes! Little to no

change in bleed after an additional 30 minutes of conditioning!

ZB-5ms GC Columns

10 20 30 40 50 60min

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

Volts

Passing Bleed Level

MS-Certified Bleedafter only 35min!

Long Lifetime

Consistent response after more than 700 samples at pH 2!

Reproducible Results

0.5

1.5

0 140 280 420 560 700Sample No.

Peak Skew

2,4-DichlorophenolHexachlorobutadiene

2.0

1

23 4 5

6

7 89 10

3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 minLot 1Lot 2Lot 3Lot 4

ApplicationsAcids EPA Methods Pesticides/Herbicides

Alkaloids Essential Oils/Flavors Phenols

Amines FAMEs Residual Solvents

Dioxines Halo-hydrocarbons Semi-volatiles

Drugs PCBs/Aroclors Solvent Impurities

Alternative to Any MS-Certified 5 %-Phenyl-Arylene- 95 %-Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:DB-5ms DB-5ms EVDX VF-5ms CP-Sil 8 CB MS DB-5.625




GC: HP 5890

Injection: Split 1:100 @ 250 ˚C, 1.4 µL

Carrier Gas: Hydrogen @ 140 ˚C, 40 cm/sec

Oven Program: 140 ˚C (isothermal)


Sample: 1. Decane2. 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid3. 1,6-Hexanediol4. 4-Chlorophenol5. Tridecane

6. 1-Methylnaphthalene7. 1-Undecanol8. Tetradecane9. Dicyclohexylamine

10. Pentadecane

Column Profile

Polarity

Bleed

Temperature Limits

Stability

Low High

CERTIFIED

MSESCEQUIPPED


37

Intr

oduc

tion

to C

olum

n S

elec

tion

GC

Acc

esso

ries

SP

E P

rodu

cts

App

licat

ions

Zeb

ron

Ove

rvie

wZ

ebro

n G

C C

olu

mn

s

App

ID 1

4442

App

ID 1

4946

Ordering InformationID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits ˚C Part No.10-Meter0.10 0.10 -60 to 325/350 7CB-G010-02

15-Meter0.25 0.25 -60 to 325/350 7EG-G010-11

20-Meter0.18 0.18 -60 to 325/350 7FD-G010-08

0.18 0.32 -60 to 325/350 7FD-G010-51

0.18 0.36 -60 to 325/350 7FD-G010-53


0.25 0.50 -60 to 325/350 7HG-G010-17

0.25 1.00 -60 to 325/350 7HG-G010-22

0.32 0.25 -60 to 325/350 7HM-G010-11

0.32 0.50 -60 to 325/350 7HM-G010-17

0.32 1.00 -60 to 325/350 7HM-G010-22


0.32 0.25 -60 to 325/350 7KM-G010-11

Test MixZebron ZB-5ms AG0-7578

Optimized Run Times

The added resolution offered by the Arylene Matrix Technology™ allows run times to be shortened by at least 20-30 %.

33

gc selection guide 2008 - brechbuehler ag: ch...injection port cleaning kit 71 polyimide resin70...

Documents