PERMACULTURE IN PRACTICE:

A PROPOSAL FOR EDUCATIONAL PERMACULTURE GARDENS

@ GREENFIELD COMMUNITY COLLEGE GREENFIELD, MA

PROPOSED BY: THE PERMACULTURE STUDENT FORUM AT GREENFIELD COMMUNITY COLLEGE WITH GUIDANCE, EDITING, AND SUPPORT BY: INSTRUCTOR ABRAH DRESDALE, M.A.L.D., P.D.CERTIFIED SPRING 2012

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the face of multiple environmental, economic, and political challenges, an increasing number of communities and institutions are promoting local, sustainable food production as a means to regain stability, autonomy, and wellbeing. Greenfield Community College has joined this trend with a commitment to local food offerings in its dining services, a Farm and Food Systems Liberal Arts degree option, and a variety of new agriculture-focused “re-skilling” courses. A permaculture garden that showcases principles of sustainability and serves as a hands-on educational resource for faculty and students across campus is another example of GCC's commitment to building an ecologically sustainable future. This garden, designed by students in a recent permaculture class (AGR 240), will be implemented in three phases. The first phase, building a 1/8th acre Living Laboratory Garden in front of the new greenhouse, is slated for Academic Year ’12-’13. Native grasses have already been planted on the site to reduce soil compaction and erosion, and this fall the area will be sheet mulched to build its nutrient profile. In the spring, raised beds and plants will be installed. Throughout the process of creating this garden, instructors from across campus will be invited to incorporate the site and its activities into their curricula. Phase I will be overseen primarily by two faculty/staff members: Tony Reiber (as Garden Manager) and Abrah Dresdale (as Garden Coordinator). Tony Reiber, recently hired by the college as the greenhouse/laboratory technician, has expertise and interest in supporting the development and maintenance of the permaculture garden. His supervisors agree that he could contribute as many as 4 hours a week, with the possibility of more available hours during the summer. Mr. Reiber would help with permaculture garden maintenance and overseeing the work of 2-4 garden interns. Abrah Dresdale, who teaches LFF courses, including the course whose students are responsible for the garden designs, can contribute up to 6 hours per week under the Community Food Project grant hours. She will coordinate with faculty and staff to integrate this educational resource into course curricula, help oversee weekly garden work sessions, and advise a new Permaculture Club that will help steward the garden. Some materials and monies for Phase I have already been obtained. Lisa Depiano of Montview Farm has donated plants valued at $950 in exchange for access to propagules of these plants in the future, and UMass-Amherst has granted GCC $1,000 from a larger award they have received. In addition, two permaculture garden designers have volunteered consulting time in the planning phase of the project. It appears that the garden will not need to buy initial compost elsewhere, since Physical Plant has a cache of finished compost under decomposed leaf piles on campus. The SCI 135 course gifted the garden with twenty-five straw balls for mulch. Lastly, dining service staff have agreed to collect kitchen scraps to be composted on site for future use. Presently uncovered costs in the initial budget include monies to build a garden shed and water catchment system, monies for tools and materials (including materials to build a composting system), monies for soil amendments and additional plants, and monies for specialized labor or consulting. Tony and Abrah, along with members of the Green Campus Committee, the Development Office, and several students, are exploring ways to obtain all necessary materials at minimal cost. Appendix D outlines a funding scheme that would make the cost of implementing Phase I either minimal or at no cost to the college operating budget. However, for Phase I to succeed, it is paramount that it has the full support of administration. Once the garden is established, its upkeep expenses will be minimal, consisting primarily of labor from student volunteers and interns as well as further supervision from the aforementioned staff.

PREFACE: GREENFIELD COMMUNITY COLLEGE

INSTITUTIONAL PRIORITIES

1. INCREASE STUDENT GOAL ATTAINMENT—TRANSFER, GRADUATION, EMPLOYMENT, LIFELONG LEARNING AND PERSONAL GROWTH.

A permaculture garden at GCC would enhance job skills training and provide hands-on learning experiences in the growing sector of sustainable agriculture and nursery production. Such field experiences are essential for students seeking employment in these areas. Additionally, hands-on learning prepares students who intend to transfer into sustainable agriculture programs at four-year colleges.

2. EXPAND ACCESS, OUTREACH AND COLLABORATIONS IN THE PIONEER VALLEY AND SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES.

A renewed ‘Community Commons’ is the conceptual framework for permaculture installations on GCC’s campus. The Phase I garden is proposed as a site that is highly accessible and welcoming to the local community. There could be regularly scheduled educational tours for k-12, college, and community education students. Teachers could fulfill continuing education credits for new garden-based curricular programs. And civic organizations such as Greening Greenfield, Transition Towns, and Master Gardeners could visit and learn about permaculture at GCC’s Living Laboratory garden.

3. FOSTER A CAMPUS CLIMATE THAT RESPECTS EACH INDIVIDUAL, VALUES COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS AND PROMOTES PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

The nature of this project is transdisciplinary and collaborative by design. The outdoor classroom could become a commons for courses in art, social justice, science, environmental studies, math, and many more. The success of this project hinges on collaboration and communication among academic departments, students, Physical Plant, Dining Services, and the Green Campus Committee. A cooperative culture that surrounds the garden could promote professional development for all parties involved.

4. IMPLEMENT INTEGRATIVE PLANNING THROUGHOUT THE COLLEGE – BUDGET, ENROLLMENT, CURRICULUM, PROGRAM, STAFFING AND FACILITIES.

A permaculture garden embodies the permaculture principle “integrate rather than segregate.” If the garden is realized, it will meet multiple, integrative goals: attract more sustainable agriculture students to GCC; implement creative financing; create cross-curricular applications; serve as an outdoor classroom for the new Farm and Food Systems initiative; embody GCC’s ethic of sustainability through best practices on campus; and produce hyper-local food that can be served in the dining commons.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTEXT 1

GREENFIELD COMMUNITY COLLEGE 1 FARM AND FOOD INITIATIVES 1 PERMACULTURE STUDENT FORUM—SPRING 2012 1 COMMUNITY-ENGAGED PROCESS 2

PERMACULTURE EXPRESSED 2

PERMACULTURE PRINCIPLES 3 PERMACULTURE & GCC’S CAMPUS 3

PROJECT GOALS 4

KEY STAKEHOLDERS 5

TONY REIBER, GREENHOUSE TECHNICIAN 5 ABRAH DRESDALE, FARM & FOOD SYSTEMS FACULTY/COORDINATOR 5 PHYSICAL PLANT 5 DINING SERVICES 5 GREEN CAMPUS COMMITTEE & SCIENCE DEPARTMENT 5

DESIGN CONCEPT & PHASES 6

DESIGN CONCEPT 6 PROPOSED PHASES OF DESIGN 6 MICRO-CONTEXTS 6

INTERACTIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN 7

INTRODUCTION 7 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 8 ARTICULATED ROLES 8 STUDENT INVOLVEMENT 9 CROSS-CURRICULAR INTEGRATION 9

PHASE I: LIVING LABORATORY OVERVIEW 10

PROJECT FINANCES 10 EXISTING CONDITIONS OF PHASE I 11 2012-2013 TIMELINE & TASKS 12 SPRING 2012 12 SUMMER 2012 12 FALL 2012 13 SPRING 2013 13 APPENDIX A: PERMACULTURE LANDSCAPE DESIGNS FOR GCC’S CAMPUS 14-17 APPENDIX B: PHASE I PLANT DATABASE & BUDGET 18 APPENDIX C: YEAR 1 MATERIALS BUDGET 19 APPENDIX D: FUNDING SCHEME 20

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CONTEXT GREENFIELD COMMUNITY COLLEGE Greenfield Community College (GCC) lies between the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains and the fertile farmland of the Connecticut River Valley. Its home town, Greenfield, MA, includes 14,000 residents and is the county seat and largest town of rural Franklin County. The college's campus is a mixture of meadow, field, forest, buildings, and paved parking lot, comprising over 150 acres of land. A reading of the GCC landscape and abutting properties suggests earlier land uses of logging and farming, including crops and livestock. Approximately 4,000 full- and part-time students attend GCC, commuting from three states and seven counties. Additionally, over 350 faculty and staff work on campus. FOOD AND FARM INITIATIVES Local food advocacy and interest is on the rise at GCC—the administration has approved a new liberal arts degree option in "Farm and Food Systems;” the college now offers several hands-on agriculture courses each semester; there is a 20% local food initiative for the dining services; the Green Campus Committee’s initiative to compost food scraps is underway; the science department boasts a new zero-net energy greenhouse and has hired a greenhouse technician to oversee the greenhouse and a prospective permaculture garden; and the administration has been in support of students designing and advocating for permaculture gardens on campus through a one-time offering of AGR 240: Permaculture Student Forum, spring 2012. Collectively, these sustainable food, energy, and waste management initiatives place GCC at the cutting edge of leadership among institutions of higher learning. With a permaculture garden, GCC’s profile as a progressive school will be even more enhanced in the eyes of students and friends of the college. PERMACULTURE STUDENT FORUM—SPRING 2012 Under the guidance of instructor and permaculture designer Abrah Dresdale, a group of six dedicated students (four of whom hold Permaculture Design Certificates) from the inaugural class of EVS118: Introduction to Food Systems, fall 2011, worked to co-create permaculture designs for GCC’s campus. With the support of Dean Peter Rosnick, the one-time offering of a 2-credit Special Topics Course, AGR 240: Permaculture Student Forum, emerged. The students from Introduction to Food Systems, along with vested faculty and staff at the college, saw a need for an outdoor classroom that demonstrated sustainable land-use and food production while offering a site on the campus for experiential learning. This Special Topics Course was inspired and informed by Professor Dresdale’s work with the Sustainable Landscape Design Forum at Wesleyan University and from conversations she had with Ryan Harb, coordinator of the Permaculture Committee at UMass-Amherst. The six students in GCC’s Permaculture Student Forum were charged with the development, design, and creation of an actionable plan towards the implementation of a permaculture garden on GCC's campus. Topics included group collaboration, multi-stakeholder interviews, campus organizing and outreach, and applying permaculture design practices.

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Through this course, students met the following learning objectives:

o Outline an action plan for advocating for a permaculture garden on campus o Apply group facilitation skills o Deliver a stakeholder charette to gather community input o Identify connections among departments, campus services, and student groups to

the garden o Promote a permaculture garden through flyer design, blogging, tabling, and

delivering public talks o Design a multi-functional garden that can be replicated at other educational

institutuions o Document the process through photography, blogging, and journaling o Research plants, their growing conditions, and range of prices and availability o Compile a database of resources needed to implement a garden o Convey plans for long-term maintenance of a permaculture garden

COMMUNITY-ENGAGED PROCESS The Permaculture Student Forum conducted a multi-stakeholder community-engaged process through out the spring months, including

o hosting a stakeholder charrette to gather the visions and interests of 50 + attendees comprised of local residents, college students, and permaculturalists

o interviewing GCC administrators, faculty, members of the Green Campus Committee, and staff from Physical Plant and Dining Services about their goals, concerns, and priorities

o receiving guidance from Ryan Harb, Chief Sustainability Specialist at UMass o consulting with the following professional permaculture designers: Dave Jacke,

author of Edible Forest Gardens; Jono Neiger and Keith Zaltzberg of Regenerative Design Group; and Connor Stedman of University of Vermont

o visiting and learning from two institutional permaculture gardens at UMass-Amherst and Wellesley College

o performing rigorous site analysis and assessment to highlight the needs and assets of the “silent client”—the land

PERMACULTURE EXPRESSED: A NOTE FROM THE PERMACULTURE STUDENT FORUM

At Greenfield Community College, permaculture students and instructors are listening to the land and gathering its wisdom. As the Permaculture Student Forum, we have developed landscape designs with the goal of harmoniously integrating people at GCC with the land to which we belong. You may ask, “what is permaculture exactly?” Permaculture, an eco-social design movement that began in Australia in the 1970s, draws connections across a broad spectrum of disciplines. Permaculture designers observe patterns found in natural systems and in traditional ecological knowledge from around the world. They then mimic these patterns

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and relationships in the design of systems that meet human needs while increasing ecological and social health. Permaculture draws from an extensive toolbox built on these ecological patterns and principles, including green building; ecological landscape design; restoration ecology; regenerative agriculture with a focus on perennial crops; and more. Humans are understood through this practice to be an integral part of, rather than separate from, nature. As an important keystone species in ecosystems world wide, people are encouraged to interact with, manage, and tend both ‘wild’ and cultivated landscapes with the aim of greater health, diversity, and resilience. PERMACULTURE PRINCIPLES (selection from David Holmgren) o Observe and interact o Use and value on-site resources o Catch and store energy o Obtain a yield o Produce no waste o Use and value diversity o Apply self regulation and accept

feedback o Design from patterns to details o Integrate rather than segregate o Use small and slow solutions o Use edges and value the marginal o Creatively respond to change PERMACULTURE & GCC’S CAMPUS With a permaculture garden on campus, those of us in the Forum believe that Greenfield Community College can be a hub of social and educational interconnection. As the designers of these gardens, we envision that individuals who visit these transformed sites will find themselves enlivened and uplifted. Permaculture installations on GCC’s campus will compliment the new Farm and Food Systems courses as hands-on living laboratories. Support from students, faculty, staff, and community members was evidenced by the 50+ attendees of the stakeholder charrette in March, 2012. Additionally, enthusiastic students from GCC’ pilot year in Farm and Food Systems, fall 2011 to spring 2012, continue to express interest and curiosity in experiential learning and re-skilling on campus. The proposed campus permaculture gardens will respond to the requests of these students and serve as a central, common resource for the wider learning community.

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PROJECT GOALS Students in the Forum conducted a multi-stakeholder charrette along with several interviews with the administration, science faculty, members of the Green Campus Committee, Physical Plant, and Dining Services over the course of spring 2012. The Goals Articulation below represents a synthesis of the goals that emerged from this community-engaged process. GOAL 1: The permaculture sites serve as outdoor classrooms for diverse courses OBJECTIVES

o Science, art, social justice, engineering, and other related courses integrate the permaculture sites on campus into their curricula

o Farm and Food Systems students benefit from on campus demonstrations of small-scale food cultivation strategies

GOAL 2: Permaculture activities on GCC's campus engage the broader community

OBJECTIVES

o Community residents and nearby schools work in and learn from the gardens o Interpretative signage informs visitors about the functions and characteristics of plants

while showcasing GCC's commitment to local food and sustainability o Gathering places invite people to relax, meditate, learn, and connect with self, others,

and nature

GOAL 3: The permaculture demonstration sites mimic the patterns of nature by collecting, storing, and utilizing on-site resources

OBJECTIVES

o GCC’s campus demonstrates a new baseline for whole systems sustainability in an educational setting, incorporating food waste, storm water, and other on-site inputs

o Plants serve multiple functions such as pollinator forage, habitat for beneficials, food production, and soil improvement

GOAL 4: In dynamic collaboration, the administration, faculty, staff, and students contribute to the longevity and success of this project

OBJECTIVES

o A combination of internships, student club activities, class service projects, and management from the Greenhouse Technician provides the support to ensure the gardens are well maintained and aesthetically pleasing

o Elements such as mulch, passive rainwater collection, drip irrigation, and hardy plants create a low-maintenance landscape

o GCC serves as a model community college by successfully developing longstanding institutional permaculture gardens

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KEY STAKEHOLDERS

Tony Reiber: Greenhouse Technician Tony Reiber, recently hired by the college as the Greenhouse/laboratory technician has expertise and interest in supporting the development and maintenance of the permaculture garden. His first priority and responsibility being the greenhouse and laboratory support, his supervisors agree that he could contribute as many as four hours a week to permaculture garden maintenance with the possibility of more available hours during the summer. Abrah Dresdale: Faculty & Initiative Coordinator of Farm and Food Systems Abrah Dresdale has served as instructor for AGR240: Permaculture Student Forum and SCI 137: Permaculture Design. She has provided guidance for the community-engaged process thus far and has offered critical feedback to the students about their designs through out the spring semester. She will continue to act as project liaison among the student body, faculty, administration, and broader community, with the goal of integrating the permaculture gardens into curricula and campus sustainability practices at GCC. Physical Plant Physical plant works at maximum capacity to maintain a beautiful and clean campus. Director Jeff Marques indicates that the amount of support they can offer is minimal. He, however, is in support of this initiative, and offered the following ways in which Physical Plant may be able to contribute to permaculture gardens on campus:

o resource sharing such as woodchips, composted leaves, hauling vehicles, or temporary-use materials

o support of periodic low-investment requests o advising and sharing knowledge

Dining Services Rosemary Gardner, Director of Dining Services, indicated a high level of interest in regards to local food in the dining hall. In Fitz Vogt’s (Dining Services provider) contract, they have agreed to a 20% local food initiative (and they are already well on their way to meeting this commitment in partnering with the Mass Farm to School Program and CISA). During the interview, Ms. Gardner expressed interested in growing salad bar greens, culinary herbs, and storage vegetables on campus and incorporating this hyper-local produce into recipes. Most recently, Ms. Gardner, Montserrat Archbald of the Green Campus Committee, and Greenhouse Technician Tony Reiber have been in conversation about composting Dining Commons paper waste and food scraps on campus. The finished compost could be incorporated into the garden. Green Campus Committee & Science Department The Green Campus Committee and the Science Department support a permaculture garden next to the Science Department’s new zero-net energy greenhouse. In addition to the joint composting initiative, three of the Committee’s members—Brian Adams, Montserrat Archbald, and Trevor Kearns—attended the Permaculture Your Campus conference at UMass-Amherst in June 2012, along with Science Faculty Abrah Dresdale and Tony Reiber, and two dedicated GCC students. There, attendees “learn how to create edible, ecological gardens and landscapes as an important strategy for making all campuses more sustainable,” says UMass Permaculture.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & PHASES

DESIGN CONCEPT

The permaculture gardens at Greenfield Community College will serve as a Commons—or a resource that belongs to or affects a whole group—where all members of the broader community alongside the college community are invited. Through student, faculty, and civic participation, the goal of the garden project is to engage the community in a sense of common ownership of and mutual benefit from these gardens. The permaculture sites on campus will serve multiple functions of a Commons:

o Outdoor classrooms that offer experiential education for students of all ages o Areas to propagate and share plant stock with community members who want to start their

own permaculture gardens o In conjunction with the green house, an opportunity for students to gain nursery

management and gardening job skills o A space that offers beauty and tranquility for pedestrians on campus

PROPOSED PHASES OF DESIGN

‘Long and thoughtful observation’ is a trademark of permaculture design. Here, the three sites that the students in the Forum designed are divided into three phases. Implementing only one phase at a time helps to ensure the that these gardens will be maintained in good health and in aesthetic quality over time.

Phase I: Living Laboratory (see Appendix A, p. 1)—around the new zero-net energy Greenhouse; installation proposed beginning Fall ‘12; see Interactive Management Plan, p. 7

Phase II: Micro-orchard (see Appendix A, p. 2)—south end of current white pine stand; installation proposed within 2-3 years; will require initial time and monetary investment, with yields increasing and maintenance decreasing after the first few years of establishment

Phase III: Edible Landscaping (See Appendix A, p. 3)—raised bed/retaining wall in front of Core building; installation proposed within 3-5 years; low cost to install; may be the most maintenance for groundskeeping

MICRO-CONTEXTS Phase I: Living Laboratory In 2012, GCC installed a new zero-net energy greenhouse just south of the natural science wing on the south side of the main building. The college subsequently hired Tony Reiber to oversee the operation of the greenhouse and its auxiliary functions. In order to construct the greenhouse, the college cleared the 1/8th acre area surrounding the greenhouse. This area for the Phase I design is sloped between 10 and 20% to the southeast and is currently shaded by a grove of white pines directly to the south. The college, however, soon plans to clear-

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cut the pine grove, thus providing ample sun to the greenhouse and surrounding site. The yield of the proposed garden includes food, medicinal and edible herbs, teas, education, a sanctuary, and increased ecosystem health. Phase II: Micro-Orchard The Phase II site, approximately 1/6th of an acre, slopes to the north and is located directly west of Parking Lot F (faculty paring lot), and east of an access road. This area is surrounded by asphalt to the east, south, and southeast. Heavy automobile traffic occurs in these areas, as well. Building construction has been taking place to the north, northeast, west, and northwest for the past decade. Students parking in lot E walk past the site to access the main buildings. Large buildings (South, Core, & North) are located directly north of the site. A dense evergreen and coniferous forest is located directly west of the site, and a forest patch containing a similar tree composition abuts the north end of the site. From 9am-3pm, this area receives mostly full sun. Phase III: Edible Landscaping The low raised bed/retaining wall that runs along the walkway parallel to the Core building is the location for the Phase III design. This site is very visible and in a well-traveled location on campus. It stretches the walkway between the parking lots and the two main entrances to the Core building. The bed is now planted with approximately 140 horizontal juniper bushes and approximately 15 echinacea at the southern end of the bed. One 10' high tree sits in the bed and another one is in the bed above. The existing soil is not compacted since the bed has been recently installed. There are a few inches of compost, keeping the bed moist and weed free. The site is surrounded with seating and table arrangements, from the upper patio, lower patio, and benches. Moving north to south of the outer edge of the front lawn is the bus stop, the visitor and handicap parking lot, a smoking gazebo, and faculty parking lots. Visibility is a key issue for this site, as it is exposed in all directions and is visible from above inside the building.

INTERACTIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN

INTRODUCTION The following section proposes institutional infrastructure to support the Phase I: Living Laboratory garden. The goal of this plan is to outline the people and systems that could collectively manage the garden and foster the cultural container to support it over the long-term. The permaculture garden project at Greenfield Community College can be seen as a modern day “barn raising” wherein the whole community contributes to an initial investment of time, labor, and love. The lasting benefits include an educational demonstration of perennial food production, a community commons for plant propagation and dispersal, an opportunity for students to gain nursery and gardening job skills, and a stronger social fabric centered around land stewardship and ecosystem regeneration.

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After careful consideration of the few existing models of institutional permaculture initiatives, the following are recommendations that can help ensure the success and longevity of Phase I: Living Laboratory. PROJECT MANAGEMENT The primary administrators for the proposed Phase I: Living Laboratory will be Tony Reiber and Abrah Dresdale. They will have the greatest responsibility for ensuring the health, maintenance, and socio-cultural systems related the garden. The management system proposed below should also allow for flexibility and adaptation as new opportunities arise. Additional support for garden installation and maintenance will come from students who are either members of the new Permaculture Club, interns under Mr. Reiber, and/or volunteers. ARTICULATED ROLES

Garden Manager—Tony Reiber, 4+ hours per week yearly Garden Coordinator—Abrah Dresdale, 6 hours per week each fall and spring semesters; funded under Coordinator hours designated in the USDA Community Food Project grant

Garden Manager

o meets with Garden Coordinator for 30 minutes weekly during the growing season, prior to Permaculture Club meeting

o identifies garden/greenhouse tasks and prioritizes projects for Garden Interns and Permaculture Club

o supervises garden/greenhouse interns in the execution of tasks and projects o co-supervises regularly scheduled work sessions during the growing season for the

Permaculture Club and other student volunteers o maintains the garden over the summer and oversees potential summer interns o conducts educational garden tours when available

Garden Coordinator

o meets with Garden Manager for 30 minutes weekly during the growing season, prior to the Permaculture Club meeting

o co-supervises regularly scheduled work sessions during the growing season for the Permaculture Club and other student volunteers

o advises permaculture club meetings; coordinates with guest presenters o coordinates with faculty for the integration of the garden into course curricula o communicates with Physical Plant, Dining Services, administration, and other vested

stakeholders at the college about the garden o continual work on fundraising with Development Office o conducts educational garden tours when available

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STUDENT INVOLVEMENT

Garden Interns—by application; two to four students each semester to undertake a semester-long, greenhouse and garden internship (3 credits) with Tony Reiber, overseen by Faculty Mentor Abrah Dresdale; offers students credit, resume-building, job skills training Proposed Permaculture Club—student club (not for credit); meets weekly—for garden work sessions during the growing season, and indoor activities during the winter months Permaculture Courses—the garden will serve and be serviced by students in GCC’s two permaculture courses, SCI 137: Permaculture Design and AGR115: Permaculture Landscape Management and Installation Service Learning Class Projects—students can fulfill service learning requirements for their classes by working in the permaculture garden Science Department Work Study—additional support for the garden can be assigned to science department work study students Student Volunteers—regularly scheduled time slots will allow for interested students to drop in and volunteer in the garden

Garden Intern Responsibilities

o meets with Garden Manager weekly to receive tasks and projects o works in the garden and/or greenhouse under the supervision of the Garden Manager o ideally gardens alongside the Permaculture Club during the weekly work session

Proposed Permaculture Club Roles

o meets weekly—for garden work sessions during the growing season and indoor permaculture-related activities during the winter months

o engages community through outreach, tabling, and social media o over time, permaculture club participants will participate in peer-mentoring and more

seasoned members will teach new members as they join each semester CROSS-CURRICULAR INTEGRATION Greenfield Community College offers the following classes that could directly benefit from a Living Laboratory permaculture garden while simultaneously providing garden maintenance as part of a class/community service projects: Spring Semesters

o SCI 137: Permaculture Design o BIO 124: Introductory Horticulture o EVS 152: Organic Gardening o BIO 103: Ecology o BIO 120: Introduction to Environmental Science o EVS 101: Issues in Sustainability

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Fall Semesters o SCI 138: Soil Science o BIO 102: Botany o BIO 120: Introduction to Environmental Science o SCI 125: Sustainable Landscape Design o EVS 118: Introduction to Food Systems

Workshops/Re-skilling Series Workshops and re-skilling series can provide a great opportunity for learning and management through hands-on skills in the garden. Instructors of these classes could incorporate the garden into part of their class time, albeit for shitake logs on the north side of the greenhouse or harvesting from the Nanking cherries to make jam. Re-skilling Series includes:

o EVS 152: Organic Gardening o AGR 110: Beekeeping o AGR 111: Four Season Farming o AGR 112: Food Preservation and Storage o AGR 113: Mushroom Foraging and Cultivation o AGR 114: Creating a Cooperative Food Economy o AGR 115: Permaculture Landscape Management and Installation

PHASE I: LIVING LABORATORY OVERVIEW

PROJECT FINANCES Pro Bono & Donations

o GCC faculty, staff, and administration have generously spent time meeting with and supporting students in the Permaculture Student Forum.

o Dave Jacke, author of Edible Forest Gardens, Keith Zaltzberg of Regenerative Design Group, and Connor Stedman of University of Vermont have volunteered their time to consult with the Forum.

o Lisa Depiano of Montview Farm has donated her stock of edible and useful perennial plants to the garden, valued at $950. She sees this gift as an investment in the GCC and the broader community, with the agreement that she be allowed to take propagules from these plants in the future.

o UMass-Amherst will be granting GCC $1,000 from a small award they received, with the goal of supporting other institutions to start educational permaculture gardens.

o A donor has committed to donating $1000 to the Green Campus Fund starting in January, 2013, to be used in support of the permaculture gardens.

Future Costs Future costs include:

o materials (construction materials, soil amendments, tools, seeds, plants, etc.)

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o infrastructure (garden shed, water catchment) o labor (specialized labor and unskilled labor) o unforeseen costs

(please see Appendices B for Plant Data and Appendix C for Materials Budget) Reducing Costs Steps taken so far to increase funding and reduce costs include:

o applying for a USDA SPECA-NIFA grant, which was not awarded o conversations with UMass Permaculture about partial fiscal sponsorship for a

garden, which has resulted in the aforementioned $1,000 gift o the development of AGR115: Permaculture Landscape Management and

Installation, beginning fall 2012, which will provide installation expertise from instructor Keith Zaltzberg and labor from students

o the creation of Garden Internships and a Permaculture Club will provide garden maintenance while students acquire hands-on skills

Continued measures will be taken to seek funds and reduce expenses so that the cost of implementing Phase I would be either minimal or at no cost to the college operating budget (see Appendix D for Funding Scheme). These plans include:

o seeking fiscal support from the Green Campus Fund for specific requests o working with Development Office to apply for more grants and seek donations from

the community (monetary donations, materials, labor, intellectual support, etc.) o using low-cost/no-cost/recycled and on-site materials o undertaking a plant sale fundraiser from propagated edible or useful

greenhouse/stock plants o annual budget and/or 1-time special request funds through Student Life for the

prospective Permaculture Club o possible fundraiser through Soup and Games night at Hope and Olive restaurant o collaborations with the Franklin County Technical School to share tools,

commission shop-students to create signage and other materials needed o resource-share for tools, dump truck use, etc. with Physical Plant o purchase certain tools that will also be utilized in SCI courses with science

department’s budget o approach Fitz Vogt about providing the cost of seed for growing greens for the

dining commons o seek discounts in bulk buying from vendors and/or propose they make a tax-

deductible donation of materials to the GCC Foundation EXISTING CONDITIONS OF PHASE I Infrastructure and Hardscaping The existing infrastructure and hardscaping of the site includes the new zero-net energy greenhouse, an old greenhouse, two lighting poles, cemented walkways that surround the garden, drains, and all the surrounding buildings of the college. Over time, allocated locations are needed for a resources depot, composting site, tool shed, signage, benches, and art installations (both temporary and permanent).

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In July 2012, the College intends to clear-cut the white pine stand directly adjacent to the south/southwest of the Phase I site. Peter Rosnick and Jeff Marques agree with the Forum that the felled trees can be used as resources in the garden, whether for raised beds, benches, or chipped pathway mulch. Site Preparation The soil around the greenhouse will need repair due to the compaction from construction equipment, exposure of bare soil, and areas of steep slope. Additionally, soil test results indicate a lack of biovailable micro- and macro-nutrients. In April 2012, Tony Reiber planted a grass seed mix of fibrous roots, which will begin the process of aerating the compacted soil and stabilizing erosion. Building soil health using various techniques such as applying amendments, adding compost, sheet mulching, planting dynamic accumulators, and so on, will greatly benefit the future plants and ecosystem. Plantings The planting timeline will change depending on the amount of funding available. With more funding, we will be able to fully stock plants proposed in the design. If the current funding situation continues, Mr. Reiber has indicated that he will propagate from the current stock of donated plants. Additionally, the Permaculture Club can continue to seek donations of seed/cutting/plants, and build the garden stock over time.

2012-2013 TIMELINE & TASKS SPRING 2012 Site Modifications

Heel in plants from Montview Farm behind East Building Native grass mix spreads and aerates compacted soil Planning Present designs to the community and administration for review and feedback Amend proposal; finalize research

SUMMER 2012 Site Modifications

Clear cut the white pine stand Mill lumber and chip mulch Install composting infrastructure Continue watering heeled in plants

Planning Faculty, staff, and students attend UMass Permaculture Your Campus conference Follow up meeting with GCC conference participants to finalize proposal,

budget, fundraising plans, etc. Submit final design of Phase I and Proposal to the president and board for

review and approval

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Display of Phase I-III final designs at GCC Meet with Dining Services to understand how best to support the kitchen staff as

they move towards fully integrating composting into the kitchen routine Coordinate UMass Permaculture Garden tour for the fall; invite the president,

and vested administrators, faculty, staff, and friends of the college Communicate with Physical Plant about regularly acquiring leaves, grass

clippings, etc. for compost operation Insure fall student orientation includes recycling and composting-on-campus

instructions FALL 2012 Site Modifications

Make necessary soil amendments based on soil test results Create micro-earthworks for swales, pathways, and rain garden with the

Permaculture Club, Garden Interns, and instructor and students in AGR 115: Permaculture Landscape Management and Installation

Begin sheet mulching; garden interns gather cardboard and other materials Continue watering heeled-in plants

Planning Meet with Dining Services to discuss the potential for interns and/or work study

participants to maintain, harvest, and/or prepare food grown on campus and to deliver dining hall food and paper scraps to compost pile

Garden Coordinator contacts faculty of applicable classes to articulate their use of the garden in spring 2013

Communicate with Franklin County Technical School for any contributions (garden tools from welding shop; equipment from landscaping shop, etc.)

Events

GCC tours UMass Permaculture Garden Possible community-engagement day for GCC site

SPRING 2013 Site Modifications

Construct frames for raised beds Begin planting and mulching Rain barrel and drip tape installation, possibly dovetailing with a community

education workshop

Planning Prepare signage (1 large garden sign, several small plant ID signs) Coordinate a garden kick-off event and tour for end of spring 2013 semester

Appendix ApermAculture lAndscApe designs for

greenfield community college cAmpus

Phase I: Living Laboratory (year 1)Phase II: Micro-orchard (years 2-3)Phase III: Edible Landscaping (years 3-5)

Section a-a’

p h A s e i : l i v i n g l A b o r A t o r y

3-Year View

p h A s e i i : m i c r o - o r c h A r d

Mature DeSign

p h A s e i i i : e d i b l e l A n d s c A p i n g

AppendixB:PlantDataforPhaseI‐‐LivingLaboratoryPermacultureGardenCommonName

La*nname QtyinDesign

QtyDonated

PriceperUnit

TotalCost

CosttoGCC

Func*on Nursery Maintenance Notes

hazelbert Coryliusxhybrid

1 1 $50 $50 $0 ediblehedge,ornamt'l

MontviewFarm

5to10gallonsofwaterperdayunJltheendofMay,and2to3JmesperweekthereaNerthrough

mid‐July

Mulchwell,.Ediblenuts.

Nankingcherry

Prunustomentosa

2 1 $80 $160 $80 edibleberry

MontviewFarm

ApplyPhosphorousconcentratedferJlizerduringfirstyearof

planJng

PruneAnnually,keepweedsaroundplantlowtopreventdiseaseandpests.Considersmallersize=reducethecost.

jostaberry Rubusnidigrolaria

3 3 $50 $150 $0 edibleberry

MontviewFarm;2

addiJonalplantscan

bepropagatd

ThebestJmetoplantisearlywinter,mid‐

November,orupunJlmid‐march.When

planted,trimeveryshoottowithintwobudsabovesoilleveltoencourage

strongroots.

Likesmoist,slightlyacidicsoil.DonotpruneaNer1styear,pruneannuallythereaNer.Propagatesfromhardwood

cu\ngs.

highbushblueberry

Vaccinuimcorymbosum

4 1 $25 $100 $75 edibleberry

Montview Plantinearlyspring,mulchwell,ferJlize3‐4weeksaNerplanJng,andremoveflowersforfirsttwoyearstoencourage

rootgrowth.

fullsun.requiresacidicsoil.(4.5‐5.2),pruneannuallyforexcellentgrowth(cutbackcanes6yearsandolderfornew,vigorousgrowth).

goldenraspberry

Rubusidaeusaureus

3 1 $10 $30 $0 edibleberry

MontviewaddiJonalplantscan

bepropagatd

FerJlizetwiceayear. Prunetwiceayear:onceinspring(latemarch/earlyApril)

tocutbackweakandtallcanes;againinfallaNerlastharvesttoremovecanesthat

fruited;mulchwell

trumpethoneysuckle

sempervirens

2 2 $25 $50 $0 insectary,nectary,edibleflowers

MontviewFarm

Mulchwell. PruneshrubsandvinesaNerharvesJng.Aggressive

varieJescanbepruneddowntotheground.ParJalshadeis

ok.Propagatesthroughcu\ngsinsummerandfall.

honeysucklebush

Dievillalonicera

2 2 $40 $80 $0 nectary MontviewFarm

Prunebacktobasicframeworkinearlyspringwhileplantisdormant.

Adractshummingbirds,doeswellinhangingpots.

Propagatesfromsuckersatbaseofplant.

anisehyssop

Agastachefoeniculum

11 2 $10 $110 $0 tea,medicinalinsectary,fragrant

MontviewFarm;willspread

Plant2feetapart. Plantwillbloomifflowersaredeadheaded.Propagate

throughseed.

PriaireDropseed

Sporobulusheterolepsis

5 0 $10 $50 $50 erosioncontrol,wildlifehabitat

NasamiFarm

Whencut,respondswithnewaggressivegrowth.Cutatleastonceayear.

Seedsitself.Candividegrassbunchestoproducemore

plants

juneberry Melanchieralnifolia

2 2 $40 $80 $0 edibleberry

MontviewFarm

Pruneplantsbackto2inchesabovetherootsin

earlyspring

Propagatefromrootcu\ngs.

winterberryholly

Ilexver@cillata

2‐‐1male1Female

0 $25 $50 $50 foodforbirds

NasamiFarm

Waterifwaterislessthan1inchperweek,mulchwell,compostbi‐

annually.

Likeswelldrained,acidicsoil.PropagaJonmostlyfromseedsincehollydoesnotgrow

vigorouslybasketwillow

Salizviminalis

5 10 $3 $15 $0 wastewaterfilter,baskets

MontviewFarm

Harvestwhenplantisdormantandthereare

noleaves.

Coppicedclosetothegroundforbasketproducts.

Propagatefrom1N.longcu\ngs.

bundleflower

Desmanthusillinoensis

5 5 $25 $125 $0 seedforbirds,

medicinalbuderfly

MontviewFarm

Fullsun Propagatefromseed,likesmoistsoil

chocolatemint

Menthapiperita

2 2 $5 $10 $0 Herb,Medicinal

MontviewFarm

Trimmingplantencouragesbushgrowth

Spreadsrapidly,propagatebyharvesJngrunners

yarrow Achilleamillefolium

7 2 $5 $35 $0 Medicinal MontviewFarm;willspread

ANerfirstfrost,cutplantsbackto1"ofsoilline.

Droughttolerant.Topropagate:uprootanddivideplantsintoclumps;replant.

welshonion Alliumfistulosum

1 1 $20 $20 $0 Vegetablefood

MontviewFarm

Divideestablishedclumpsevery4‐5years.CutbackaNerdie‐down

Propagatefromseedsorbydivision

oregano Origanumvulgare

1 1 $10 $10 $0 Herb,Insectary,

MontviewFarm

Droughttolerant,dead‐headflowersforbenefit

offlavor.

Propagatefromseedsorcu\ngs.

echinacea echinaceapurpurea

7 1 $10 $70 $0 Insectary,nectary,medicinalornamt'l

MontviewFarm

DeadheadingwillpromoteaddiJonal

blooming

Leavingseedheadswilladractbirds.Caneasilybegrownfromseedinthe

greenhousefromstockplantsdwarfcomfrey

Symphytumgrandiflorum

3 1 $25 $75 $0 Groundcvinsectary,food

MontviewFarm;willspread

Controlspreading(12"peryear)

densegroundcover

violet violaodorata 2 1 $15 $30 $0 Groundcvinsectary,food

MontviewFarm;willspread

needsgoodsunandwell‐drainedsoil

edibleflowersandleaves,dependingonthevariety

wildginger asarumcaudatum

5 0 $4 $20 $20 Groundcvfood

G'fieldFarmers'CoopExch

WaterwellunJlestablished,plantinlight

shade

PropagaJonbydivision

alpinemouseear

Ceras@umalpinumlanatum

Bulk 0 $96 $96 $96 Groundcv stepables.com

well‐drainedsoil

sJngingnedles

Ur@cadioica 3 3 $5 $15 $0 MedicinalFood

MontviewFarm

Cu\ngbacktopsencouragesbushy

growth.

SJngstothetouch!Growswellindisturbedsoil.

PropagaterhizomaJcally.

chives Alliumschoenopra‐

sum

2 1 $10 $20 $0 Herb,Insectary,ornamt'l

MontviewFarm;willspread

Divideplantsevery3‐4years,

Propagatebyseedordivision

climbingspinach

Basellaalba 6packets

0 $1.27perpckt

$8 $8 Edible,ornamt'l

Parkseed.com

Needtrellis/pole,lovessun/heat,mulchwell

Propagatebyseed

NewEngnaJve

wildfwrmix

N/A 8oz. 0 $15 $15 $15 Ornamt'linsectary

G'fieldFarmers'CoopExch

Fullsun

whiteclover N/A 1lb. 0 $6 $6 $6 Nitrogenfixer,

groundcv

G'fieldFarmers'CoopExch

Seedinandwatertoestablish,mulchintosoilwhenreadytoplant

northernecologylawnmix

N/A 1lb. 0 $52 $52 $52 Groundcvfood

nicholsgardennursery.com

Seedinandcoverwithstrawtoprotectseed

frombirds.beebalm Monarda

didyma8 2 $10 $80 $0 nectary,

medicinaltea

MontviewFarm;willspread

ANerfirstfrost,cutplantsbackto1"ofsoilline.

Mulchwell.

Propagatebydividingclumpsatleastevery2‐3years.

TOTAL COSTS

$1,612

ACTUAL COST TO GCC $452

Appendix C: Materials Budget, Phase I--Living Laboratory Permaculture Garden

Key Priority for Fall 2012

Secondary; not needed until Spring 2013

YEAR 1 MATERIALS AMOUNTCOST PER

UNITTOTAL

ITEM COSTTOTAL COSTS to

GCC NOTESSite Preparation + soil test (existing) 2 $15 $30 0 Paid already + soil test (future) 2 $15 $30 $30

+ soil amendments unknown $500 $200

Sci Dept has 50 lbs rock phosphate, 50 lbs of lime, 30lbs cotton seed meal

+ compost/loam mix 40 yards $32 $1,280 $0 free - via Physical Plant ;1 yard 3" thick covers 100 sq. ft

+ cardboard 5,000 sq. ft 0 0 0 free--via Cental Services

+ leaves continuous 0 0 0free--via Physical plant; for compost operation & mulch

+ straw 25 bails 4/bail $100 0 free--left over from SCI 135 + wood chips 10 yards 10/yard $100 0 free--via Physical plantPlants/Seeds

+ plant stock & seed mixes approx 100 variable $1,612 $452$940 of plants donated from Montview Farm

+ lettuce mix for greenhouse 1/4 lb $35 $35 $35Tools + shovels (6 pointed, 2 flat) 8 $11 $88 $88 for all tools-will seek donations + digging forks 4 $25 $100 $100 and/or discounts for bulk order + pitch forks 8 $12 $96 $96 + fan rakes 2 $6 $12 $12 + hard rakes 4 $10 $40 $40

+ spades 4 $25 $100 $0Science dept funds will cover for soil science class

+ trowels 10 $6 $60 $0Science dept funds will cover for soil science class

+ cultivator 10 $4 $40 $40

YEAR 1 MATERIALS AMOUNTCOST PER

UNITTOTAL

ITEM COSTTOTAL COSTS to

GCC NOTES + broad fork 1 $200 $200 $0 borrowed for infrequent uses + wheelbarrows 2 $50 $100 $100Infrastructure + shed 1 1,700 $1,700 $1,700 + hose $90 $90 $90 + drip tape + timer $75 $75 $75

+ compost tumblers 2 $300 $600 $250

Tony Reiber will construct 2 tumblers rather than purchasing pre-fabricated

+ rain catchment unknown $1,000 $500

as a community ed workshop; construct DIY rains barrel system from food grade barrels--will reduce cost

Signs

+ garden sign $450 $450 0wood donated by Trevor Kearns; sign made at FCTS

+ plant signs w stakes 30 stakes 0.75 $22.50 $22.50

researched/designed by interns; printed & laminated at GCC

TOTAL COSTS $8,461 ACTUAL COST TO GCC $3,831 Fall 2012 Priority Total $2,486

AppendixD:FundingSchemeSource Sum ProvisosUMassGrant 1000 VerbalagreementfromUMass;waiBngforfundstobe

transferredanddistributedtoUMassfromcentralaccount;(expectwithin1‐6months)

ConstrucBngthetoolshedwithin‐houselabor

1000 TheesBmatedcostforpurchasinganoff‐theshelfshedwas$1700.WeesBmatecostofmaterialstobe$700andGCCtradespeoplewoulddotherest.ThereisalsoachanceforaddiBonalsavingsifpinefromtheislandcanbemilledandusedfortheconstrucBon.

AddiBonalplantdonaBonsfromlocalnurseries

400 TonyhasbegunconversaBonsincoordinaBonwithReginawithlocalnurseries–likeNasamiFarm

StudentLife 500‐1000 Students,withAbrahasadvisor,willapplytoformaPermacultureClubandwillapplytoStudentLifeforSeedmoneyforthepermaculturegarden.ThishasNOTbeencommiZed

FoundaBonGreenCampusFund

1000 AdonorhascommiZedtodonaBng$1000totheGreenCampusFundstarBnginJanuarytobeusedinsupportofthepermaculturegardens.

ResubmiZalofUSDAgrant

Wewillresubmitourgrantfromlastyearthatwouldhaveprovideddollarsforpermacultureandgreenhouseneeds

Othergrantsandfund‐raising

WebelievestronglythatthegardenswillhelpusinfuturegrantwriBngandfund‐raisingeffortsandwearecommiZedtopursuingallleads.

TotalEs2matedIncome

$3900‐4400