ge 5471 rock engineering ch 1 - introductionweb.mst.edu/~norbert/ge5471/class notes/01intro.pdf1 ge...

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GE 5471 ROCK ENGINEERING CH 1 - Introduction

Dr. Norbert H. Maerz

Missouri University of Science and Technology

(573) 341-6714

[email protected]

LECTURE #1: WHAT IS ROCK ENGINEERING?

Definitions

• ENGINEERING GEOLOGY – The study of the nature and engineering properties of geological materials

• GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING – The design of structures on, in, and with geological materials

Definitions (cont.)

• GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING –Geological Engineering (as we understand it) plus the use of building materials such as concrete, asphalt, slag, flyash, etc.

• SOIL AND ROCK MECHANICS – Deal specifically with the response of soil and rock to imposed stresses and strains.

Geology vs Geological Engineering:

Craft vs. Science?

Elements of Rock Mechanics, Rock Engineering

• Rock – Intact properties

• Rock mass – Discontinuities

• Stress

• (Temperature)

• Water

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How We Perceive Rock MassesInteractions

Influence of geology Applications for Rock Engineering

• Surface structures, buildings, bridges, dams, powerhouses

• Transportation routes – highways, railways, canals

• Surface excavations – quarries

• Underground excavations, mines, tunnels

What do we do (as rock engineers)?

• Evaluate Geological Hazards - failures.• Select Building materials – have to use

natural rock materials, just too expensive any other way.

• Select a method of excavation or cutting –optimize.

• Design structure – location, size, shape, orientation, support, monitoring

How do we use rock mechanics?

• Determine mechanical properties of the rock mass. These can be used to predict the behavior of the rock mass to stress, imposed stresses, and stress concentrations.

• Measure or calculate the stresses in the ground and predict the change in stress as a result of construction.

• Predict the response of the rock.• Control the response of the rock.

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What do we analyze?

• Deformation – how does the rock respond to what we are doing – amount, speed – Types – sudden fracture of rock, slip along pre-existing planes of weakness, or slow creep

• Stability – will our structure be compromised

• Excavation – type, strength of blasting etc.

• Support – what is needed, factor of safety

Bottom Lines

• Safety and economy – linked – tradeoff –no such thing as ultimate safety

• Civil – Safety ; Mining – Economy – why? – if there is no economy there is no mine

• Ideal mine – One that collapses the day after the ore is exhausted – variability, factor of safety precludes such precise prediction.

Things to keep in mind. To look for.

• Stress fields tend to be compressive – rock tends to fail in tension or shear

• Scale effects – the larger the rock mass being analyzed, the weaker it gets – flaws – REV –representative sample usually to big to take to a lab

• Water – reduces effective stress and deteriorates rock

• Weathered rock is usually significantly weaker than fresh rock

• Sharp corners induce stress concentrations

Administrative Things

• Syllabus

• Textbook

• Notes

• Assessment

• Policies

Ge Eng 371: Rock Engineering Syllabus• PREREQUISITES: Geology for Engineers Ge Eng 275 (Geomorphology and Terrain Analysis), and Ge Eng 050

(Geology for Engineers) or equivalent is a prerequisite. The course is intended for geology, mining, geological, and civil engineering students already equipped with an understanding of basic geology, to prepare them for geotechnically-oriented careers.

• COURSE CONTENT: The nature of, rock, groundwater, and ground stresses, and how they will affect, and be affected by construction work. Techniques of site investigation, testing and monitoring, excavation and stabilization. Quarrying and utilization of earth and rock resources. Introduction to materials behavior and design methods applied to surface and underground construction. Emphasis on essential techniques and concepts.

• SKILLS: Students graduating from this course should be able to produce adequate engineering descriptions of rocks and logs of test pits and boreholes; plan an effective and economical site investigation; understand the techniques and principles of geotechnical design, monitoring, excavation and ground stabilization; be able to select methods appropriate for specific ground conditions and types of project; evaluate and plan the extraction of earth and rock resources; recognize the potential environmental effects of geotechnical works and how these can be minimized.

• CONCEPTS: How the physical characteristics of geotechnical materials affect their mechanical behavior and engineering performance; the significance, nature and importance of groundwater and ground stresses; how ground conditions vary with depth below surface; scale effects between samples and in situ conditions in soils and rocks and the importance of fissures and joints; variability and uncertainty in ground characteristics and the role of monitoring; the various roles of testing; the decision-making process and empiricism in geotechnical design, and the role of analytical modeling; utilizing the self-supporting characteristics of earth and rock; different objectives of civil and mining works.

• TEXTBOOK Required: Rock Engineering (1989) by J.A. Franklin and M.B. Dusseault, McGraw Hill, New York.

• TEXTBOOK Optional: Rock Engineering Applications (1991) by J.A. Franklin and M.B. Dusseault, McGraw Hill, New York. (This book is recommended for those pursuing careers in rock engineering.)

Ge Eng 371: Rock Engineering Syllabus(cont.)

• ADDITIONAL NOTES: All figures that are shown in class will be made available on BlackBoard

• INSTRUCTIONS, DATES, ETC ON WEBSITE: Please check BlackBoard.

• HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS: There will be more or less weekly homework assignments. Assignments will be graded on presentation, clarity and conciseness as well as on technical merit.

• FIELD TRIP: There may be a field trips for on-campus students only. Attendance is required. Trip reports may be required.

• EXAMINATIONS: One 1.5 -hour midterm examination during class time, and one 1.5 -hour final examination, both open book.

• METHOD OF ASSESSMENT 30% midterm, 35% assignments, 35% final exam (distance ed class), 30% midterm, 30% assignments, 30% final exam, 10% class participation (on campus students).

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Textbook• Rock Engineering, J. A. Franklin and M. B.

Dusseault ISBN 0-07-021888-9, out of print, can get on line or:

• Bound photocopy available from MST, $40, Bring check made out to Geological Engineering or exact change to first class. Distance ed. students send a check for to me at 1006 Kingshighway, Rolla MO, 65409-0660. I will send out regular mail.

Method of Assessment

CLASSROOM

30% Midterm

30% Final Exam

30% Assignments

10% Class Participation

DISTANCE ED

35% Midterm

35% Final Exam

30% Assignments

On-line Policies• The course material can be examined at any time. It will be available

online; each student will have an account. All the work must be completed by the date of the final exam, unless arrangements are made in advance.

• Assignments will be sent by email, and should be returned by email by the due date, typically 1 week. I prefer word documents, which I can annotate and send back, however any form, including hard copy will be acceptable.

• Exams will be open book, sent out by email, and should be returned by the due date time, could be 90 minutes or 24-48 hours depending on the nature of the exam. There may be penalties for exams returned late.

• Marking disagreements should be writing within 1 week.• Email questions will be answered within 24 hours (if I am in the

office), and may be copied to all students.• Telephone questions should be limited to between 1 and 4 PM CST

daily if at all possible. (Other arrangements can be made).• Office visits are acceptable anytime for those close by.

In-Class Policies• Miss a class risk loosing participation

marks

• Miss a test makeup exams are oral examinations

• Miss a fieldtrip Some appropriate make-up research paper

• Late assignments at the discretion of the GTA

• Marking disagreements In writing within 1 week

Institutional Stuff

Title IX Missouri University of Science and Technology is committed to the safety and well-being of all members of its community. US Federal Law Title IX states that no member of the university community shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, or be denied benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity. Furthermore, in accordance with Title IX guidelines from the US Office of Civil Rights, Missouri S&T requires that all faculty and staff members report, to the Missouri S&T Title IX Coordinator, any notice of sexual harassment, abuse, and/or violence (including personal relational abuse, relational/domestic violence, and stalking) disclosed through communication including but not limited to direct conversation, email, social media, classroom papers and homework exercises.

Missouri S&T’s Title IX Coordinator is interim chief diversity officer Neil Outar. Contact him ([email protected]; (573) 341-6038; Temporary Facility A-1200 N. Pine Street) to report Title IX violations. To learn more about Title IX resources and reporting options (confidential and non-confidential) available to Missouri S&T students, staff, and faculty, please visit http://titleix.mst.edu.

Institutional Stuff

Student Honor Code and Academic Integrity: Please take a few minutes to stress the importance of academic integrity in class. Discuss why it should matter to the student, why it matters to you and your discipline, why it matters to Missouri S&T, and why it matters to future employers. Include a statement on your syllabus about the Honor Code developed and endorsed by the Missouri S&T Student Council: the Honor Code can be found at this link: http://stuco.mst.edu/honor-code/. Encourage students to read and reflect upon the Honor code and its emphasis on HONESTY and RESPECT.

Page 30 of the Student Academic Regulations handbook describes the student standard of conduct relative to the University of Missouri System's Collected Rules and Regulations section 200.010, and offers descriptions of academic dishonesty including cheating, plagiarism or sabotage (http://registrar.mst.edu/academicregs/index.html). Additional guidance for faculty, including the University’s Academic Dishonesty Procedures, is available on-line at http://academicsupport.mst.edu. Other informational resources for students regarding ethics and integrity can be found online at http://academicsupport.mst.edu/academicintegrity/studentresources-ai .

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Institutional Stuff

S&Tconnect: https://canvas.mst.edu/ (S&Tconnect icon on left toolbar)

S&Tconnect provides an enhanced system that allows students to request appointments with their instructors and advisors via the S&Tconnect calendar, which syncs with the faculty or staff member’s Outlook Exchange calendar. S&Tconnect will also facilitate better communication overall to help build student academic success and increase student retention. S&Tconnect Early Alert has replaced the Academic Alert system used by Missouri S&T. If training is needed, please contact Rachel Morris at [email protected] or 341-7600.

Classroom Egress Maps:Faculty should explain where the classroom emergency exits are located. Please include a statement in your course syllabus asking the students to familiarize themselves with the l d li h //d i i d /fl l /

Institutional Stuff

Student Honor Code and Academic Integrity: Please take a few minutes to stress the importance of academic integrity in class. Discuss why it should matter to the student, why it matters to you and your discipline, why it matters to Missouri S&T, and why it matters to future employers. Include a statement on your syllabus about the Honor Code developed and endorsed by the Missouri S&T Student Council: the Honor Code can be found at this link: http://stuco.mst.edu/honor-code/. Encourage students to read and reflect upon the Honor code and its emphasis on HONESTY and RESPECT.

Page 30 of the Student Academic Regulations handbook describes the student standard of conduct relative to the University of Missouri System's Collected Rules and Regulations section 200.010, and offers descriptions of academic dishonesty including cheating, plagiarism or sabotage (http://registrar.mst.edu/academicregs/index.html). Additional guidance for faculty, including the University’s Academic Dishonesty Procedures, is available on-line at http://academicsupport.mst.edu. Other informational resources for students regarding ethics and integrity can be found online at http://academicsupport.mst.edu/academicintegrity/studentresources-ai .

Institutional Stuff• Accessibility and Accommodations:

It is the university’s goal that learning experiences be as accessible as possible. If you anticipate or experience physical or academic barriers based on disability, please contact Disability Support Services at (573) 341-6655, [email protected], or visit http://dss.mst.edu/ for information, or go to mineraccess.mst.edu to initiate the accommodation process.

*Please be aware that any accessible tables and chairs in this room should remain available for students who find that standard classroom seating is not usable.

• LEAD Learning Assistance http://lead.mst.edu The Learning Enhancement Across Disciplines Program (LEAD) sponsors free learning assistance in a wide range of courses for students who wish to increase their understanding, improve their skills, and validate their mastery of concepts and content in order to achieve their full potential. LEAD assistance starts no later than the third week of classes. Check out the online schedule at http://lead.mst.edu/assist, using zoom buttons to enlarge the view. Look to see what courses you are taking have collaborative LEAD learning centers (bottom half of schedule) and/or Individualized LEAD tutoring (top half of the schedule). For more information, contact the LEAD office at 341-7276 or email [email protected].

Institutional Stuff

• The Burns & McDonnell Student Success Center The Student Success Center is a centralized location designed for students to visit and feel comfortable about utilizing the campus resources available. The Student Success Center was developed as a campus wide initiative to foster a sense of responsibility and self-directedness to all S&T students by providing peer mentors, caring staff, and approachable faculty and administrators who are student centered and supportive of student success. Visit the B&MSSC at 198 Toomey Hall; 573-341-7596; [email protected]; facebook: www.facebook.com/SandTssc; web: http://studentsuccess.mst.edu/

If you have any questions about the information listed above, please contact the Office of Academic Support at 573-341-7276.

SLIDE SHOWOutline of this course

Basalt / Gabbro

Pictures from the collection of Monroe and Wicander

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Obsidian / Pumice


Ash / Welded Tuff


Igneous Thin Sections

Pictures from the collection of J.A. Franklin

Sandstone / Conglomerate


Sandstone Thin Sections


Limestone

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Limestone Thin Sections


Slate / Schist


Schist/ Gneiss Thin Sections


Marble / Quartzite


Quartz/Clay Mineral


Columnar Basalt/Planar Slide


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Weathering


Frank Slide


Mining Failures


Mine Slope Failure


Civil Failures


Engineering Structures


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Engineering Structures


Rock Testing


Field Measurements


NumericalModeling



Joint Clustering Analysis

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Physical Modeling


Physical Modeling


Stress Birefringeance



Faults


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Mixed Ground Conditions


Concrete Weak in Tension


Projects: Civil/Mining


Role of Stress


Role of Water


Mechanical Excavation


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Mechanical Excavation

Mechanical Excavation/Blasting


Hydrofracturing Support: Rock Bolts, Wire mesh


Shotcrete


ge 5471 rock engineering ch 1 - introductionweb.mst.edu/~norbert/ge5471/class notes/01intro.pdf1 ge...

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