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GE Digital Energy

John D. McDonald, P.E.DirectorTechnical Strategy & Policy Development

IEEE FellowIEEE PES President (2006-2007)IEEE Division VII Director (2008-2009)IEEE-SA Board of Governors (2010-2011)IEEE Smart Grid Steering CommitteeCIGRE USNC VP, Technical Activities

IEEE PES Tallahassee ChapterOctober 20, 2015

The Future of Energy:Smart Grid and Beyond

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Agenda

• Key Industry/Societal Trends

• Integration of Renewables

• Holistic Solutions

• Big Data, Analytics and Enterprise Data Management

• Industry Standards Vision

• Incentive-Based Regulation

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Key Industry/Societal Trends

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Key Industry/Societal Trends

� Transitioning from Devices/Systems to Holistic Solutions

� Success = Technology, Standards, Policy

� Grid Flexibility + Self Healing + Reconfigurable

� Electrical Power Distribution Infrastructures Resiliency

� Big Data, the Cloud and Use of Social Media

� Convergence of IT and OT to Support Enterprise Data Management

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Integration of Renewables

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Distributed GenerationIndustry Challenge

Distribution controls and protection traditionally take advantage of and are designed only for uni-directional power flow

PowerGeneration

Generation Switchyard

Transmission Substation

Distribution Substation

End UserPowerGeneration

Generation Switchyard

Transmission Substation

Distribution Substation

End User

A wide array of DG is creating unique challenges in the grid: two-way power flow, voltage regulation concerns.

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Distributed GenerationIndustry Challenge

V(pu)

1.00

24 hours

1.05

Open circuit over-voltage due to unintentional islanding

Protection ratings not matched to fault currents

Varying Fault Currents due to DG

Stress on Voltage Regulation equipment

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Distributed Generation IntegrationTechnology Solution Optimal dispatch of complex energy resources

Smart control system to optimize and manage generators, energy storage and loads featuring:• Optimal Dispatch• Supervisory Controls• Islanding/Tie-Line Controls

U90 Microgrid Controller

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Optimize conventional generation dispatch

• Leverage production forecasting in optimal dispatch

• Intelligent unit commitment and use of reserves

Compensate for variability when needed

• Use of fast-start thermal generation• Bridging storage (if needed)• Demand response

Leverage full capabilities of the renewables

• Fault ride-through• Volt/VAr regulation• Ramp-rate controls• Curtailment• Inertial response

Wind power production (MW)

10

-min

Win

d P

ow

er

Ch

an

ge

(M

W)

Ramp Rate

Po

we

r

Time0

20

40

60

80

100

47 48 49 50 51 52

Freq. Droop

Po

we

r

Frequency

Reserve req

FlexEfficiency 60 GEMx Battery

Technology Solutions

Distributed Generation Integration

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Grid Edge Controllers and Microgrids

Edge of grid transforming into Microgrids

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Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV on the Distribution System

New Applications of Power Electronics (my Power Electronics magazine article – August 22, 2013 issue)

• Substation Transformer On-line Tap Changer• Low Voltage Network Dynamic Grid Edge Controllers• Increased capability from Inverters

The Death Spiral (Intelligent Utility magazine article – November /December 2013 issue)• Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV in the State of

Queensland, Australia

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Holistic Solutions

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Heavy Metal“ Generate & Deliver Power”

Control“How Power Flows”

Management“ Applications”

TransmissionAutomation

Gen & TransMgt.

Dist.Mgt.

Sensors Dist.Automation

AssetOptimization

Smart Grid Adds

Old Grid

Old Grid

• You call when the power goes out.

• Utility pays whatever it takes to meet peak demand.

• Difficult to manage high Wind and Solar penetration

• Cannot manage distributed generation safely.

• ~10% power loss in T&D

‘New Applications enabled by Additional Infrastructure’

Adv.Metering System

Enabled Consumers

Economic Dispatch

Smart Grid

• Utility knows power is out and usually restores it automatically.

• Utility suppresses demand at peak. Lowers cost. Reduces CAPEX.

• No problem with higher wind and solar penetration.

• Can manage distributed generation safely.

• Power Loss reduced by 2+%… lowers emissions & customer bills.

DemandOptimization

DeliveryOptimization

EnergyOptimization

Thermal Generation Lines

Sub Stations

DistEquipment

Renewable Generation

VoltageControl

A “Smarter” Grid Enabled Utility Managers

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Demand Optimization

Distribution Optimization

Asset Optimization

Transmission Optimization

Workforce & Engineering

Design Optimization

Smart Grid Holistic Solutions

Smart Meter

&

Comms

Shared Services & applications

Interoperability Framework

Transitioning from products/systems to holistic solutions

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Data

Residential,Commercial& Industrial

Substations

Consumers

HA

N

Real-Time Communications

BackhaulComms

Backhaul Comms

Smart Grid Base

BackhaulComms

NMS

SmartRouter

Internet

SmartMeter

Internet

Gateway

MDMS

Fir

ew

all

EMS OMSDMS GIS

Office

Devices

SmartRouter

UtilityOwned

Generation& Storage

Gen &Store

Distributed Energy Resource Manager

HA

N

StationController

OtherIEDs & I/O

Volt Reg, LTC, Caps

Apps

LocalHMI

Protection Relays

SmartRouter

Volt/VARDevices

Volt Reg & Caps

SmartRouter

Switches & Breakers

Reclosers & SwitchesPMU

Transformer M&D

Mobile

Router

OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist

MobileFFA

Model

MgrAsset Services

SecurityApps

BizToolsDesign

EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure

Workforce & Engr Design

Software Services Infra

Distribution

Optimized Solutions

Transmission

Smart Meter Systems

Demand

Asset

Wired/Wireless Substation Communications

Smart Grid Technology RoadmapSmart Grid Technology Roadmap

CommunicationsInfrastructure

MicrogridController

Generation& Storage

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Smart Meters/AMI Integration with GIS, OMS and DMSSmart Meters/AMI• Meter Readings• Voltage => DMS• Last Gasp Communication => OMS

GIS• Network Model Information => OMS, DMS

DMS• Status Changes => OMS

Customers• Phone Calls => OMS• Social Media => OMS

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Big Data, Analytics and Enterprise Data Management

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Drive the next productivity revolution by connectingintelligent machines with people at work

IntelligentMachines1. Big Data

& Analytics2.People at Work3.

Leverage technology & communication to cost-

effectively connect machines

Combine the power of big data, big analytics, and industry physics

Connecting people any place, any way, and any

time for intelligent operations

The “II” Connects…

Global Energy Capex $1.9T/year

The first 1% annual savings equals $300B over 15 years

A world that works better, faster, safer, cleaner and cheaper

++

=

EnergyValue:

Internet of Things (IoT)

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Analytics

Meter Insight(in development)

Outage Insight(in development)

Reliability Insight(in development)

Renewables Insight(in design)

Consumer Insight(in design)

• Automated KPI data validation

• Dynamic KPI dashboards

• Outage Event Recorder

• Planned outage optimization

• Predictive Outage Analytics

• Accurate ETR

• Automated KPI data validation

• Dynamic KPI dashboards

• Outage Event Recorder

• Planned outage optimization

• Predictive Outage Analytics

• Accurate ETR

• Predictive vegetation management

• Asset health analysis

• System health analysis

• Lifecycle analysis and portfolio optimization

• Predictive vegetation management

• Asset health analysis

• System health analysis

• Lifecycle analysis and portfolio optimization

• PV load (dis)aggregation/ hotspot analysis

• Wind load (dis)aggregation and hotspot analysis

• EV penetration/ impact analysis

• DER load orchestration

• PV load (dis)aggregation/ hotspot analysis

• Wind load (dis)aggregation and hotspot analysis

• EV penetration/ impact analysis

• DER load orchestration

• Social media integration

• Customer Segmentation

• Customer Engagement

• Sentiment Analysis

• Social media integration

• Customer Segmentation

• Customer Engagement

• Sentiment Analysis

• Revenue Protection

• Power Quality and Reliability

• Load Forecasting and Research

• Revenue Protection

• Power Quality and Reliability

• Load Forecasting and Research

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Enterprise Data ManagementCollecting data for Data Analytics

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Industry Standards Vision

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Example: Standards Framework

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

… Smart Grid Conceptual Reference Model… Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) Organizational Structure

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Smart Grid Foundational Standards

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Identify user requirements and gaps in standards

Accelerate standards development and harmonization for interoperability of Smart Grid devices & systems

Identify necessary testing and certification requirements

Oversee the performance of these activities & continue momentum

Inform and educate Smart Grid industry stakeholders on interoperability

Conduct outreach to establish global interoperability alignment

What Does SGIP Do?

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SGIP Activity AreasStandards – More needed than ever

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Communication ProtocolsControl Center to Control Center• IEC 60870-6/TASE.2 – Inter-control Center Communications

Protocol (ICCP)

Control Center to Field Equipment• IEEE 1815 (DNP3) – North American Suppliers• IEC 60870-5 – European Suppliers

• 101 – serial communications• 103 – protection devices• 104 – TCP/IP (network communications)

Field Equipment• IEC 61850 – substation automation and protection• IEEE 1815 (DNP3) – substation and feeder device automation

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SGIPAccelerating Grid Modernization

www.sgip.org

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Incentive-Based Regulation

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Industry Trends Force Regulatory Rethink

Greater sensitivity to grid

disturbances

Eroding rate base due to slow/flat

sales growth

Aging infrastructure requires massive

investment

Increasing complexity of

distribution networks

Regulated Utility

Challenges associated with traditional COS regulation

• “Least cost” approach to ratemaking often fails to provide utilities with consistent/adequate incentives to improve system performance

• Threat of disallowance discourages investment in new/innovative technologies

• Narrow focus on cost/benefit fails to provide utilities with adequate investment guidelines

Velocity of Change

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Incentive Regulation… an Alt. ApproachKey attributes

� Ties utility profits to performance

• Reliability• Efficiency• Power Factor• Consumer satisfaction• Safety• Other output-based metrics…

� Balances shareholder risk with performance rewards

� Combines certainty with accountability to protect ratepayers

Recent examples

IllinoisEnergy Infrastructure Modernization Act

• Authorizes $3.2 B in grid modernization investment

• Establishes mandatory performance targets

• Contains spending/rate cap to protect consumers

MarylandGrid Resiliency Task Force recommendations

• PSC implementation of performance-based ratemaking structure to align customer, utility incentives

• Establishment of reliability-based metrics with associated rewards/penalties

• Targeted cost recovery tracker to promote investment

United KingdomRevenue = Incentives + Innovation + Outputs (RIIO)

• Extends review cycle to 8 years to increase certainty

• Establishes incentives for performance against reliability and environmental metrics

• Rewards utilities for executing projects under budget

Velocity of Change

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IEEE Potentials Article

November/December 2011

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Go West Young Man – My First Job

Don’t let a disappointing work situation affect your attitude and work, because it will change

No one is indispensable and continue to do more than expected and provide value to the company

Practice “precision without accuracy” in all engineering work

Get an MBA and know how to build the business case for a technical project

Get a PE license as soon as you have the required work experience (assuming you have passed the FE exam)

Serve as a mentor for young engineers

Get involved in outside activities (IEEE PES) giving talks, teaching courses and developing industry standards

John at work at Bechtel in 1975

Lessons Learned

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Thank You!