ge-international journal of management research · 2016. 10. 4. · dr. kamireddy- chandra sekhara...

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories.

GE-International Journal of Management Research (GE-IJMR) ISSN: (2321-1709)

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GE-International Journal of Management Research Vol. 4, Issue 9, September 2016 IF- 4.88 ISSN: (2321-1709)

© Associated Asia Research Foundation (AARF) Website: www.aarf.asia Email : [email protected] , [email protected]

WORKING WOMEN AFTER MARRIAGE AND MATERNITY

(A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO THE COUNTRY OMAN)

1. Dr. Kamireddy- Chandra Sekhara Reddy. M.B.A, Ph.D.

Faculty, Department of Business, Higher College of Technology,

Muscat-Oman

2. Arshiya Sultana.M.COM, (Ph.D.)

Faculty, Department of Business, Higher College of Technology,

Muscat, Oman.

ABSTRACT

It is well known fact that women’s are playing a very crucial role in every human’s life, as a

mother, mother-in-law, sister, wife, grand mother, friend, well wisher and colleague, they are at

every stage of our life. 6 to 7decadesbefore most of the women are not permitted to come out

from their homes for their education and jobs. They were be completely engaged with their home

and family responsibilities, there was no freedom to women to take their own life decisions, like

whom to married, and no of kids e.t.c. only with the earnings of male parent the family has to

survive, but those days are gone.

http://www.aarf.asia/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]



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Now women is proved as equal as male, and in some selective jobs/work women’s are

dominating males, through out the world women’s are proved them selves with different

positions, we have many examples like women ruled the country’s, women won many medal in

Olympics in different games, many women entrepreneurs, many women CEO’s , many women

leaders, and also many women colleagues are working with males. Especially from the last 40

years women are well encouraged for studies, as a result today most of the organizations are

filled their vacancies with women manpower, there is some organizations who strongly believe

that women are performing better than the males, and women are proved that, there is no

particular job which only males can do. They can climb the mountains, they can ride the

airplanes and they can travel to space.

Key words: Women, Marriage, Maternity, Family, Responsibility,

Introduction

By birth Women are taking more responsibility towards their family, now-a-days educated

women ratio is increasing and taking employment opportunities through out the world. More

responsibilities have to be handled by the women after her marriage and maternity. A few

decades ago women are not allowed to take education and to go for employment. But slowly the

trend was changed, but as a wife as a mother her responsibilities will never changed. In the

present research topic the researcher attempted to find the women perception about employment

after her marriage and maternity, last generation women perception was completely different to

present generation women. In recent days women proved that, they can manage both their family

responsibilities and employment responsibilities even after their marriage and maternity. Their

partner co-operation is also playing a wide role to reach to the present situation. The male partner

is ready to share his spouse responsibilities towards looking after the house, kids, cooking.e.t.c.

and also both of they are having a good understanding about the importance and benefits of

having the employment for both. But here one thing is very clear that the parents are unable to

spend their full time for their kids and kids are also missing their parents a lot. At the same time

to lead the quality life in the present scenario, and to avoid financial disturbances, and to meet

the present cost of living range most of the younger generation parents felt that, it is required to

both the partners to go to job.



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Need for the Study:

Even through there are many studies on women education, employment and achievements the

present study was taken to find the women perception on employment after her marriage and

maternity.

Objective

To find the women perception towards employment after their marriage and maternity

Methodology

The main intention of this study is to identify the women perception towards employment even

after their marriage and maternity for this purpose different women who are working after their

marriage and maternity were selected across the city Muscat,astructured questionnaire was

prepared and distributed across city Muscat, total participated sample size is 160 selected

randomly who are working in different organizations in different positions.Questionnaire was

distributed among 160 Women with different nationality (Omani, Philiphino, Indian, Pakistani,

Egyptian, Bangali, Srilankan ) and analyzed their views towards questions raised in the

questionnaire with the help of diagrams, statistical tool chi-square testis also used to know the

result statistically.

Limitations of the Survey

• The survey was conducted only in the city Muscat.

• The participant’s views may get change periodically based on their experiences.

• All the present study gathered data was belongs to the time period of April-2016 to June-

2016.



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Analysis of surveyed result:

From the above research data it is very clear that, most of the sample 62% was strongly

disagreed, 21% disagreed, 9% neutral, 6% agreed and 2% strongly agreed towards the statement

of because of I am woman, I am unable to continue my job until my retirement.

As the above research data shown, 51% are agreed, 35% are strongly agreed, 6% are dis-agreed,

4% are neutral and 4% are strongly disagreed towards the statement of Even I am working, I can

fulfill my responsibilities with my kids and family members.

62%

21% 9% 6% 2%

Strongly Disagree

Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Figure-01 Because of I am woman; I am unable to continue my job

until retirement

4% 6% 4%

51%35%

Strongly Disagree


Figure-02 Even I am working, I can fulfill my responsibilities with my

kids and family members



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As the above research data shown, 36% are strongly disagreed, 48% are agreed, 7% are neutral,

5% are agreed and 4% are strongly agreed towards the statement of I am unable to do

justification to my family and kids, because of my job responsibilities.

As the above research data shown, 65% are strongly agreed, 21% are agreed, 9% are neutral, 3%

are dis-agreed and 2% are strongly disagreed towards the statement of My husband and family

members are supporting me to continue my job even after my marriage.

Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

2% 3%9%

21%

65%

Figure-04 My husband and family members are supporting me to

continue my job even after my marriage


36%

48%

7% 5% 4%

Figure-03 I am unable to do justification to my family and kids, because

of my job responsibilities



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As the above research data shown, 60% are strongly agreed, 23% are agreed, 8% are neutral, 5%

are dis-agreed and 4% are strongly disagreed towards the statement of My husband and family

members are supporting me to continue my job even after my maternity.

As the above research data shown, 62% are strongly disagreed, 28% are disagreed, 5% are

neutral, 3% are agreed and 2% are strongly agreed towards the statement of My husband and

family members are forcing me to do job even after my marriage and maternity.

4% 5%8%

23%

60%


Figure-05 My husband and family members are supporting me to

continue my job even after my maternity

62%

28%

5% 3% 2%


Figure-06 My husband and family members are forcing me to do job even

after my marriage and maternity



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As the above research data shown, 32% are strongly agreed, 38% are agreed, 9% are neutral,

12% are disagreed and 9% are strongly disagreed towards the statement of My life partner is co-

operative, to share family responsibilities.


neutral, 8% are agreed and 5% are strongly agreed towards the statement of Marriage and

maternity’s are obstacles to woman to continue their job career.


9%12%

9%

38%

32%

Figure-07 My life partner is co-operative, to share family responsibilities

43%

34%

10% 8% 5%


Figure-08 Marriage and maternity’s are obstacles to woman to continue

their job career



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neutral, 3% are agreed towards the statement of My strong advice to women is, better to stop

their job life after their marriage/maternity

As the above research data shown, 38% are strongly agreed, 42% are agreed, 10% are neutral,

6% are disagreed and 4% are strongly disagreed towards the statement of My organization is

well cooperative to grant me the leaves during the events of my Marriage / Maternity

irrespective of busy work schedule.

Strongly Disagree


63%

25%

9%

3%0

Figure-09 My strong advice to women is, better to stop their job

life after their marriage/maternity

Strongly Disagree


4% 6%10%

42%38%

Figure-10 My organization is well cooperative to grant me the leaves

during the events of my Marriage / Maternity irrespective

of busy work schedule



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11. I am continuing my job even after my marriage and maternity because of

Some of causes as answered by the sample,

To have a meaning to my education and

knowledge

To upgrade my knowledge and skills

To continue individuality To be role model to my kids

To support family My full time presence at my home is not

required

To utilize the opportunity It is difficult to survive within my husband

salary

To provide quality life to my kids and family

members

I am strengthen enough to continue my job even

after my maternity

It is required to survive in my family life My job plays crucial role in my family life

Marriage / maternity is not an obstacle to job Instead of doing something else, continuing the

same is more easy

Not to waste the human power I don’t want to be an additional burden to my

husband

To support to country economy I am more responsible after my marriage and

maternity

I don’t like to be idle at home To meet my family increased expenses



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As the above research data shown, 86% of the women are ready to leave their job responsibilities

instead of family responsibilities, if it is badly required. Where as 12% of women answered they

will take the decision as per the situation, by considering the seriousness of the problem, health

condition, other family members support to take care of the problem, financial position of the

family e.t.c.

Statistical result

Chi-Square Test-1

Chi-Square test has been done to identify the association in between the views of the employees

who answered statements of

Statement-1 My husband and family members are supporting me to continue my job even after

my marriage(majority of the sample size [65%] strongly agreed)

Statement-2 My husband and family members are supporting me to continue my job even after

my maternity (majority of the sample size [60%] strongly agreed)

Family Job Based on Situation

2%

86%

12%

Figure-12 If it is badly required I am ready to leave my responsibilities of

(Family / Job)



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The surveyed data for the above two statements is as follows,

Statement & options

My husband and family members are supporting me to continue

my job even after my maternity

Strongly

Disagree

Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Agree

Total

My husband and

family members

are supporting

me to continue

my job even

after my

marriage

Strongly

Disagree

2 1 - - - 3

(2%)

Disagree 1 1 1 1 1 5

(3%)

Neutral 1 1 4 3 5 14 (9%)

Agree - 2 4 15 13 34

(21%)

Strongly

Agree

2 3 4 18 77 104

(65%)

Total 6

(4%)

8

(5%)

13

(8%)

37

(23%)

96

(60%)

160 (100%)



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χ2 Calculations

Two-way Contingency Table

Chi-Square Calculation

Strongly

Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree

Strongly

Agree

Strongly

Disagree

2

0.11

( 31.67)

1

0.15

( 4.82)

0

0.24

( 0.24)

0

0.69

( 0.69)

0

1.80

( 1.80)

3

Disagree

1

0.19

( 3.52)

1

0.25

( 2.25)

1

0.41

( 0.87)

1

1.16

( 0.02)

1

3.00

( 1.33)

5

Neutral

1

0.53

( 0.43)

1

0.70

( 0.13)

4

1.14

( 7.20)

3

3.24

( 0.02)

5

8.40

( 1.38)

14

Agree

0

1.27

( 1.27)

2

1.70

( 0.05)

4

2.76

( 0.55)

15

7.86

( 6.48)

13

20.40

( 2.68)

34

Strongly Agree

2

3.90

( 0.93)

3

5.20

( 0.93)

4

8.45

( 2.34)

18

24.05

( 1.52)

77

62.40

( 3.42)

104

6 8 13 37 96 160

χ2 = 76.554, df = 16, χ

2/df = 4.78 , P(χ

2> 76.554) = 0.0000



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As the above result table shows the value of Chi Square is 76.554, which is > to table value

26.30 at 0.05 significance level. So it is concluded that there is an association between the two

statements, which means majority of the sample who are supporting statement-1 are also

supporting statement-2.

Chi-Square Test-2

Chi-Square test has been done to identify the association in between the views of the employees

who answered statements of

Statement-1 My husband and family members are forcing me to do job even after my marriage

and maternity (majority of the sample size [62%] strongly disagreed)

Statement-2 My life partner is co-operative, to share family responsibilities (majority of the

sample size [38%] agreed)

The surveyed data for the above two statements is as follows,

Statement & options

My life partner is co-operative, to share family responsibilities

Strongly

Disagree

Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Agree

Total

My husband and

family members

are forcing me

to do job even

after my

marriage and

maternity

Strongly

Disagree

10 12 11 26 40 99

(62%)

Disagree 1 2 - 35 7 45

(28%)

Neutral - 2 2 1 3 8 (5%)

Agree 1 2 1 - 1 5

(3%)

Strongly Agree 2 1 - - - 3

(2%)

Total 14

(9%)

19

(12%)

14

(9%)

62

(38%)

51

(32%)

160(100%

)



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χ2 Calculations

Two-way Contingency Table

Chi-Square Calculation

Strongly

Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree

Strongly

Agree

Strongly

Disagree

10

8.66

( 0.21)

12

11.76

( 0.01)

11

8.66

( 0.63)

26

38.36

( 3.98)

40

31.56

( 2.26)

99

Disagree

1

3.94

( 2.19)

2

5.34

( 2.09)

0

3.94

( 3.94)

35

17.44

( 17.69)

7

14.34

( 3.76)

45

Neutral

0

0.70

( 0.70)

2

0.95

( 1.16)

2

0.70

( 2.41)

1

3.10

( 1.42)

3

2.55

( 0.08)

8

Agree

1

0.44

( 0.72)

2

0.59

( 3.33)

1

0.44

( 0.72)

0

1.94

( 1.94)

1

1.59

( 0.22)

5

Strongly Agree

2

0.26

( 11.50)

1

0.36

( 1.16)

0

0.26

( 0.26)

0

1.16

( 1.16)

0

0.96

( 0.96)

3

14 19 14 62 51 160

χ2 = 64.513, df = 16, χ

2/df = 4.03 , P(χ

2> 64.513) = 0.0000



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As the above result table shows the value of Chi Square is 64.513, which is > to table value

26.30 at 0.05 significance level. So it is concluded that there is an association between the two

statements, which means majority of the sample who are not supporting statement-1 are

supporting statement-2.

Findings

1. Being a womanis not a constraint, to continue their jobs until their retirement.

2. Job responsibilities are not holding the Womento fulfill their kids and family responsibilities.

3. With job responsibilities most of the women could be able to do justify their kids and family

responsibilities.

4. Women are supported by their husband and family members to continue her job after the

marriage

5.Women are supported by their husband and family members to continue her job after her

maternity.

6. Many of the women are not being forced by her husband and family members to continue her

job after her marriage and maternity.

7. Many of the male life partners are cooperative to share family responsibilities because of his

life partner is working.

8. Marriage and maternity is not an obstacles to women to continue their job career

9. Strong advice from women is not to stop job life after the marriage/maternity

10. Organizations are well cooperative to sanction the leaves to women during the events of

Marriage / Maternity irrespective of busy work schedule.

11. Women may leave job responsibilities rather than family responsibilities if it is badly

required.



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Conclusion

Women don’t like to leave their job because of their family responsibilities, more over they are

well managing their family responsibilities with their job responsibilities. To continue this

scenario co-operation from their partners and family members should be continued for ever.

Directly or indirectly all the family members are getting benefited through women employment.

And the next generation kids could be able to observe and understood the world of jobs and

company’s from their childhood on-words. At the same time if couples are giving more priority

to job rather than family, their kids will feel that, the baby care center is their first house and

their parents house is their guest house. It will show impact on family relations, the relation and

affection in between the family members will be spoiled. So the couple has to realize this and

should know the boundary limits in between the family responsibility and employment

responsibilities. It is always better at-least any one parent should be able to sacrifice their career

if the situation demands. It is well known that ultimately we are working for our family

members,if you are missing your family members a lot there is no meaning for your earnings.

Earnings should be helpful to gain better family relation, but not to spoil the family relation.

Questionnaire

Please Rate the following questions with the options 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5, which stands for

(1) Strongly Disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree

Sl No Question Rating

01 Because of I am woman; I am unable to continue my job

until retirement

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

02 Even I am working I can fulfill my responsibilities with my

kids and family members

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

03 I am unable to do justification to my family and kids,

because of my job responsibilities

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

04 My husband and family members are supporting me to

continue my job even after my marriage

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

05 My husband and family members are supporting me to

continue my job even after my maternity

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

06 My husband and family members are forcing me to do job (1) (2)(3) (4) (5)



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even after my marriage and maternity

07 My life partner is co-operative, to share family

responsibilities

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

08 Marriage and maternity’s are obstacles to woman to

continue their job career

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

09 My strong advice to women is, better to stop their job life

after their marriage/maternity

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

10 My organization is well cooperative to grant me the leaves

during the events of my Marriage / Maternity irrespective of

busy work schedule

(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

11. I am continuing my job even after my marriage and maternity because of

______________________________________________________________________________

12. If it is badly required I am ready to leave my responsibilities of (Family / Job) ____________

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(And some more……)

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