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Gear Effects and Habitat Studies
In the Georges Bank Closed Areas
Frank AlmeidaPopulation Biology Branch
Northeast Fisheries Science CenterWoods Hole Laboratory
GEORGES BANK CLOSED AREAS
70.5 70.0 69.5 69.0 68.5 68.0 67.5 67.0 66.5 66.040.0
40.5
41.0
41.5
42.0
42.5
100m
Cape Cod, MA
Open15 Jun-12 Nov 199915 Jun-14 Aug 2000
ClosedArea II
Open15 Aug-30 Sep 2000
Nantucket LightshipClosed Area
Open1 Oct-31 Dec 2000
Closed Area I
HAPC
COLLABORATORS
Woods Hole LaboratoryJ.J. Howard Laboratory, Sandy Hook, NJNortheast Regional Office
University of Connecticut
Woods Hole Field Center
SAMPLING PROTOCOL
• Video Drift with Still Images- 20 minute Drift with Still Images every 60 seconds
• Bottom Sampler- At site where Video Drift ends- 3 Replicates (sampling gear depending on bottom type)
• Hydrography- CTD
• Fish Tow- 15 minutes- Gear depending on bottom type
• Sidescan Sonar surveys 6-12 hr duration
SEABOSSSeabed Observation and Sampling System
Monitoringvideo display
Deployment from Albatross IV
• 1 forward & 1 downward looking Hi8 video camera• 1 35mm still camera • Laser height sensors • Van Veen bottom grab
More information on the SEABOSS at - http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/seaboss/seaboss.html
Used to assess relative abundance of microhabitats
BOTTOM SAMPLING
Smith-McIntyreGrab Sampler
Van Veen mounted on SEABOSS
Bottom grab samplesused to evaluate diversity and densityof benthic infauna inclosed vs. open areas.
Cores for Total Organic Carbon and Grain Sizeanalyses
CLOSED AREA II1999 CRUISE OBJECTIVES (AL 99-05)
Paired inside/outside stationsPlan:
To monitor the recovery of the benthic habitat after four years of closure prior to the southern portion of the area (south of 41o30'N) being opened to scallop fishing on 15 June 1999.
Objectives:
1-11 JuneDates:
Cruise AL 99-05 1-11 June 1999
67.50 67.25 67.00 66.75 66.50 66.2540.75
41.00
41.25
41.50
41.75
2A1A
2B1B
2C1C
MMS1/2D1D
2E1E
1F
1G 2G
2F
3G
3F
3E GN3/4E
4F
4G MMS2/5G
5F 6F
6G
MMS3/6H
7G
7F8F
8E 9E
9D8D
GN4/8C10C
9B8B
8A
7AG56B
7C
6D
7E5E
4D
4B
Closed Area II
CLOSED AREA II2000 CRUISE OBJECTIVES (AL 00-03)
Monitor the recovery of the benthic habitat and fish productivity in CA-II one year after the southern portion of the area was opened to scallop fishing (15 June – 12 November 1999)
Objectives:
19-29 JuneDates:
67.50 67.25 67.00 66.75 66.50 66.2540.75
41.00
41.25
41.50
41.75
Boat Speed (knots) 0 to 3.5 3.6 to 5 5.1 to 18.91
VMS SCALLOP VESSEL TRACKING VESSEL ACTIVITY during 25-31 OCTOBER 1999
Cruise AL 00-03 19-29 June 2000
67.50 67.25 67.00 66.75 66.50 66.2540.75
41.00
41.25
41.50
41.75
4G7G
4F 7F
8EGN3/4E 6E 7E
4D 8D5D 6D 7D
GN4/8C7C
8B6B4B
G5
2A1A
2B1B
Closed Area II
60m
80m
100mSea scallop
Placopecten magellanicus
60m
80m
100mBarndoor skate
Dipturus laevis
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION in CA-II 1999“Low energy sand” species
60m
80m
100mWinter flounder
Pleuronectes americanus
60m
80m
100mWindowpane
Scopthalmus aquosus
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION in CA-II 1999“High energy sand” species
60m
80m
100mHaddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
60m
80m
100mYellowtail Flounder
Limanda ferruginea
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION in CA-II 1999“Intermediate” species
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM Southern CA-II-PRIOR TO FISHERY-
• Species diversity similar inside and immediately outside the Closed Area
• Haddock and yellowtail flounder abundance (in numbers and biomass) greaterinside the Closed Area
• Other groundfish species abundance very similar, some higher, outside
• Fish distribution in and around the Closed Area similar, related to sediment
• Size distribution of fish and mega-invertebrates similar except sea scallops,which were significantly larger inside the Closed Area
• Total organic carbon levels generally higher inside the closed area, may varywith sediment grain size
• Emergent sponge epifauna significantly more abundant inside the Closed Area
Analyses of the benthic infauna, chemistry, and fish stomachs still underway
Cruise AL 99-08 6-10 July 1999
40.67
40.92
41.17
41.42
69.42 69.17 68.92 68.67 68.42
E2
E1
G8G2
D2D1
C2C1
A1
B1B2
A2
G1G3
J2
J1
I1I2
60m
80m
100m
Closed Area I
CA-I / NLCA2000 CRUISE OBJECTIVES (AL 00-03)
• CA-I: Re-sample stations from 1999 cruise• NLCA: Sample area prior to scheduled
opening
Plan:
To monitor the benthic habitat in CA-I and the Nantucket Lightship Closed Area (NLCA) after 5 years of closure prior to portions of each area being opened to scallop fishing
Objectives:
19-29 JuneDates:
Cruise AL 00-03 19-29 June 2000
ResearchArea Site
Alternative #3
Closed Area I
Nantucket Lightship Closed Area
70.50 70.25 70.00 69.75 69.50 69.25 69.00 68.75 68.50 68.2540.00
40.25
40.50
40.75
41.00
41.25
41.50
41.75
42.00
J2GT5GT4
F1
G1A2
C2G2D2
NL3NL4
NL5
NL6
Sidescan Sonar Track
I2/GT7GT6
GT3GT2
GT1GT0
NL1
NL2
CA-I / NLCA / HAPC2000 CRUISE OBJECTIVES (DE 00-10)
• Monitor the recovery of the benthic habitat and fish productivity in the northwestern portion of the NLCA one month after the area was open to scallop fishing
• Continue to monitor the recovery of the habitat inside the HAPC in comparison to a fished site outside the HAPC
• Sample a region in the Great South Channel adjacent to CA-I under consideration as a NEFMC, EFH Technical Team Habitat Closed Area Alternative
Objectives:
• Nantucket Lightship Closed Area • Eastern Georges Bank in and around the HAPC in
CA-II• Great South Channel adjacent to CA-I
Operations:
2-15 NovemberDates:
Cruise DE 00-10 2-15 November 2000
70.5 70.0 69.5 69.0 68.5 68.0 67.5 67.0 66.5 66.040.0
40.5
41.0
41.5
42.0
42.5
NL4
NL7
NL1
SSA18
SSA17
Nantucket LightshipClosed Area
ClosedArea IICape Cod, MA
HAPC
Closed Area I
Sidescan Survey Track
WHAT’S NEXT?
Closed Area II
Complete sample processing from 1999 and 2000 cruisesComplete data analyses from before and after 1999 fisheryRe-sample sites after 2000 fishery (June 2001)
Closed Area I
Re-sample sites after 2000 fishery (June 2001)
Nantucket Lightship Closed Area
Complete data analyses from before and after 2000 fishery
Large-scale Ocean Mapping of the Gulf of Maine
Geological Survey Canada
Marine Habitat Characterization and Mapping Workshop21-23 October 2001 in Sebasco Estates, Maine
Sponsored by NOAA and Gulf of Maine Council for the Marine Environment.
Inter-disciplinary
Team
NationalPlan
NationalProgram
DemonstrationProjectsTechnologyLegislative
Framework
Canada: Leader in Ocean ManagementCanada: Leader in Ocean Management
Inter-disciplinary
Team
NationalPlan
NationalProgram
LegislativeFramework
DemonstrationProjectsTechnology
Sampling Strategy
PointsSlowStill photographyCores and grabs
Fine
TransectsModerateVideoSide-scan sonar
Medium
CompleteRapidME bathymetry, AerialAcoustic backscatter
LargeDensitySpeedMethodsResolution
OrganizationOrganization
Data ProductServices
SurveyServices
Applications &Product
Development
R & D OutreachServices
Training &Education
GoMAP
Steering Committee
Research &TechnicalAdvisory
Committees
Regional AdvisoryCommittees
NOAA
USGS
Academia, Others
DFO
GSC
State Agencies
Steering Committee
Implementation Implementation -- Phase 1Phase 1
5 –year Strategic Plan
Preliminary ReportPreliminary Report
Gulf of Maine CouncilPartner AgenciesOcean CommissionOthers
Scope ResourcesEndorsement Scope InterestsStakeholders Stakeholders
Funding Agencies
Review & RevisionGOMC
Partner Agencies
Some Technologies Discussed
1.1. NearshoreNearshore
1. Satellite
2. Tidepool vounteer monitoring
3. Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI)
4. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
2.2. OffshoreOffshore
1. Multibeam
2. Sidescan
3. Laser Line Scan
4. Video
Habitat Map Production
Bathymetry
Backscatter
Sediment Grain Size
Benthic Taxonomy
Kostylev et al., MEPS 2001
Economic Economic andand Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts
1998Before
Multibeam
1999After
Multibeam
Scallop quotaTime on bottomDistance towedHours lostLost gearFuel useEquipment
13,640 kg162 hr
1176 km15
$10,00027,697 LHeavy
13,640 kg43 hr
311 km00
17,545 LLight
Workshop RecommendationsInterest in establishing a largeInterest in establishing a large--scale mapping project in the Gulf of Maine is so scale mapping project in the Gulf of Maine is so
strong that proposals to do so are imminent.strong that proposals to do so are imminent.
Workshop RecommendationsWorkshop Recommendations
Core group of agencies including NOAA, USGS, DFO and GSC initiate a strategy for near-shore and offshore habitat mapping of the entire Gulf of Maine
State agencies and academia, e.g. CMER, essential
Dept. of Defense and/or Homeland Security could be a main stakeholder
Short executive summary to be prepared describing the impetus and suggested first steps needed for such an
Support of the Gulf of Maine Council necessary with presentation at the forthcoming GOMC meeting in St. Andrews, Canada, in early December.