gearing towards a greener future€¦ · 1e.jaafar, m. kashif, 1sk. ... 1javed akhter, 1s. i....

GEARING TOWARDS A GREENER FUTURE

EDITORS

Amir Azam Khan

Magdalene Andrew Munot

Shirley Johnathan Tanjong

Rudiyanto Philman Jong

Hishammudin Afifi Huspi

UNIMAS PUBLISHER

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

2018

Copyright © 2018 by UNIMAS Publisher, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

All rights reserved.

This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner

whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of

brief quotations in a book review.

ISBN 978-967-2008-55-2

Faculty of Engineering

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

94300 Kota Samarahan

Sarawak, Malaysia

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Tel: 082-536283

EDITORS

Amir Azam Khan

Magdalene Andrew Munot

Shirley Johnathan Tanjong

Rudiyanto Philman Jong

Hishammudin Afifi Huspi

CO-EDITORS

Al-Khalid Othman

Siti Noor Linda Taib

Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali

Sinin Hamdan

Abdullah Hj. Yassin

Hushairi Zen

Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit

Shahidul Islam

Md. Abdul Mannan

Paul Ratnamahilan Hoole

Cirilo Nolasco Hipolito

David Bong Boon Liang

Al Sidqi Hasan

Lim Soh Fong

i Gearing Towards a Greener Future

COLLABORATIVE LOCATION-BASED MOBILE GAME WITH ERROR DETECTION ALGORITHM 1

1Adrus Mohamad Tazuddin, 2Wong Ming Ming and 3Abang Mohamad Aizuddin

AN EMMS MIXTURE MODEL WITH BUBBLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 2 **1Atta Ullah, 1Iqra Jamil, 1Shah Jehan Gillani, 1Adnan Hamid and 2Khairuddin Sanaullah

MANAGING DESIGN CHANGE DYNAMICS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: CONCEPTUALIZING A QUALITATIVE MODEL 3

**1Jeffrey Yap Boon Hui, 2Hamzah Abdul-Rahman and 3Wang Chen

GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION IN CAMERON HIGHLANDSUSING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES 4

**Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu, Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof and Ahmad Mustafa Hashim

PROBABILISTIC ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF IMIDAZOLIUM IONIC LIQUIDS WITH AMINO ACID AND HALIDE ANIONS 5

Muhammad Ishaq Khan, **Dzulkarnain Zaini, Azmi Mohd Shariff and Muhammad Moniruzzaman

USE OF QUARRY DUST AS SAND REPLACEMENT IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE: A REVIEW 6

**Lim Chung Han, Adriana Erica Amaludin, Hassanel Zazhary Amaludin, Mohd Azizul bin Ladin and Salinah binti Dullah

EUCLIDEAN SPACE DATA PROJECTION CLASSIFIER WITH CARTESIAN GENETIC PROGRAMMING (CGP) 7

**1WK Wong, 1Lenin Gopal, 1Terance Tan and 2Chekima Ali

ADDITION OF CEMENT LEFTOVER FROM THE HOLLOW OF THE SPUN PILE REINFORCEMENT AS AN ADDITIVE TO SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE 8

**1A. Suraya Hani, 2A. Suzana Wati , 3Z. Muhammad Shukri, 1O. Mohd Hairi and 3J.Zalipah

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF INITIAL CO2 BUBBLES LEAKED IN SHALLOW SEAWATER FROM OCEAN CO2 STORAGE USING VOLUME OF FLUID METHOD 9

1Loi Hoang Huy Phuoc Pham, **1Risza Rusli and 2Afiq Mohd Laziz

EFFECTS OF CATALYST BED POSITION ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY METHANE DECOMPOSITION 10

1Umair Sikander, ** 1Suriati Sufian, 1KuZilati KuShaari and 2Fai Kait Chong

MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY OF ALUMINUM NANOPOWDERS AS ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS (ENMS) 11

Siti Hawa Nabilah Binti Zahari, ** Risza Binti Rusli, Azizul Bin Buang and Kanapathy A/L Mohanan

ii Gearing Towards a Greener Future

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SILVER CONTENT ON FLUX OF POLYSULFONE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE 12

**K. A. M. Said, R.L. Jama-in and N.A.M. Alipah

MULTIPLE-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN LASER JOINING OF DISSIMILAR MATERIALS CLASSES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN GREY AND RATIO ANALYSES 13

**1K. F. TAMRIN, 2N. A. SHEIKH, 3M. S. M. RIDZUAN and 1A. N. NADIRAH

INTERFACIAL FRICTION BEHAVIOR IN NARROW WALL PASTE BACKFILL SYSTEM 14

1Wee K. Ting, **1Alsidqi Hasan, 1Fauzan Sahdi, 1Siti N. Taib, 1Norsuzailina M. Sutan, 2Badhrulhisham A. Aziz and 3Andy Fourie

PASSIVE PATHOGENIC REMOVAL IN LEACHATE: MONITORING OF E. COLI COUNT 15

Nurasiah Mira Anuar and **Chee-Ming Chan

WEIBULL ANALYSIS ON BANANA FIBER STRENGTH WITH VARIATION OF WITHIN FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA 16

**1Charlie Sia Chin Voon, 1Lashane Fernando, 2Annie Joseph and 3David Chua Sing Ngie

EVOLUTION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WITH VARYING CEMENT WITH VARYING CEMENT DOSAGES IN DREDGED MARINE SOILS 17

Nurul Syakeera Nordin and **Chee-Ming Chan

EFFECT OF GRANULAR INCLUSION ON THE CONSOLIDATION RATE OF DREDGED MARINE CLAY 18

S.F.S.M. Johan and **C-M. Chan

KINETIC MODELING OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF BETEL NUT 19

1Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Ruslan, 2Zuhaili Idham, 2Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini, 2Lee Nian Yian and **2Mohd Azizi Che Yunus

THE OPTIMUM SODIUM HYDROXIDE CONCENTRATION FOR HIGH STRENGTH PLA-RICE STRAW COMPOSITES 20

**Melissa Augustine Saidi, Alexander Gorin, Kok Heng Soon and Elammaran Jayamani

POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SYSTEM WITH THE INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 21

**1Sim Sy Yi, 1Goh Hui Hwang, 1Kek Sie Long, 1Alvin John Lim Meng Siang, 2Yonis. M. Yonis. Buswig, 1Farahiyah Mustafa, 1Azuwien Aida Bohari and 1Mohd Aidil Ardi

STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE THIN FILM RELATIVE TO THE REACTION TIME OF SYNTHESIS 22

**1E.Jaafar, 1M. Kashif, 1SK. Sahari and 2Z. Ngaini

MULTIVOLTAGE TRACKING OF A MULTI VOLTAGE TRACKING OF A MULTI -INPUT INTERLEAVED BUCK-BOOST DC -DC CONVERTER USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CONTROL 23

**1Yonis. M. Buswig, 1Al-Khalid bin Hj Othman, 1Norhuzaimin bin Julai, 2Sim Sy Yi, 2Wahyu Mulyo Utomo and 2Alvin John Lim Meng Siang

iii Gearing Towards a Greener Future

DESIGN OF PORTABLE 3-AXIS FILAMENT WINDING MACHINE WITH INEXPENSIVE CONTROL SYSTEM 24

**1Ma Quanjin, 1M.R.M. Rejab, 1M.S. Idris, 1M. Amiruddin, 1D. Bachtiar, 1J.P. Siregar and 2M.I. Ibrahim

A NOVEL OPTIMIZATION OF PID CONTROLLERS FOR SECOND AND THIRD SYSTEMS 25

**Falih S. M. Alkhafaji, W. Z. Wan Hasana , Maryam Isa and Nasri Sulaiman

ENERGY HARVESTING FROM ROTATING MOTION OF IN-PIPE ROBOT CLEANING DEVICE 26

**1Ana Sakura Zainal Abidin, 1Tim Brandon Anak Sawing, 1Izzat Haziq Abdullah, 1Haymilton Yearne Melvin, 1Shahrol Mohamaddan, 1Annisa Jamali, 1Rasli Muslimen, 1Muhd Fadzli Ashari, 1Mohd Syahmi Jamaludin and 2Hazmi Hijazi Abdul Halim

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH (SU) AND CONSOLIDATION RATIO FOR MARINE SOFT CLAY 27

**1Alvin John Lim Meng Siang, 1Sim Sy Yi and 2Yonis M. Yonis Buswig

IDENTIFICATION OF BRITTLE ZONES FOR POTENTIAL ROSENEATH SHALE GAS, COOPER BASIN, AUSTRALIA USING GEOMECHANICAL, PETROPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 28

**1Omer Iqbal, 1Maqsood Ahmad and 2Askury Abd Kadir

LEAD COMPENSATOR DESIGN FOR SINGLE-PHASE QUASI Z-SOURCE INVERTER 30

**1Sut Khan Yong, 1Kah Haw Law, 1Wendy Pei Qin Ng and 2Mohamed Dahidah

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY IN KUCHING, SARAWAK 31

N. Rostam Afshar and D.N. Suhaimi

DISTRIBUTED DOUBLE DIFFERENTIAL SPACE-TIME CODING WITH AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD RELAYING 32

** Sylvia Ong Ai Ling, Hushairi Zen, Al-Khalid Hj Othman and Khairuddin Bin Hamid

PRODUCTION OF KARANJA METHYL ESTER FROM CRUDE KARANJA OIL USING MERETRIX LYRATA SYNTHESIZED ACTIVE CAO CATALYST 33

1Dewi. H, **1A.A. Saleh, 1A.N.R. Reddy, 1S. Hamdan and 2K. Charyulu

DEVELOPMENT OF KEK LAPIS SARAWAK’S AUTOMATED COOLING AND PRESSING SYSTEM BY USING PLC 34

N. Junaidi, M. S. Hamsawi, A.S. Zainal Abidin, N. I Hashim, M.S. Jamaludin and S. Mohammadan

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF GREEN ROOF IN BUILDING DESIGN: A CASE STUDY IN BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN 35

**1S. Shams, 2Pg Hj R. Ismandi, 3Arifin bin Haji Zania and 4Asmirolasmi bin Haji Mohamad

EFFECT OF FREEZING TIME AND SHAKING SPEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PROGRESSIVE FREEZE CONCENTRATION VIA VERTICAL FINNED CRYSTALLIZER 36

1Nurul Aini Amran, 1Shafirah Samsuri and **2Mazura Jusoh

iv Gearing Towards a Greener Future

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SLOTTED RING WIDEBAND BANDPASS FILTER FOR MICROWAVE SENSOR 37

**1Dyg Norkhairunnisa Abang Zaidel, 1Ameerul Fiqri Abu Bakar, 1Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Sharip, 1Dayang Azra Awang Mat, 1Ade Syaheda Wani Marzuki and 2Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel

HIGH-GAIN MODIFIED ANTIPODAL VIVALDI ANTENNA FOR ULTRA WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS 38

S. A. Adamu, **T. Masri, W. A. W. Z. Abidin and K. H. Ping

COMPRESSIBILITY AND CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR OF DREDGED MARINE SOILS (DMS) ADMIXED WITH CEMENT AND/OR WASTE GRANULAR MATERIALS (WGM) 39

Mohd. Zawawi Rosman and **Chee-Ming Chan

DEVELOPING NOISE MAPS TO MONITOR RAILWAY TRAIN NOISE AT FOUR (4) DIFFERENT KERETAPI TANAH MELAYU (KTM) STATIONS 40

**1Selamat, F. E and 2Abdul Rahim F. L

HEAT AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUID FLOW IN POROUS MICROCHANNELS 41

**1Ting Tiew Wei, 2Hung Yew Mun, 1Mohammad Shahril Osman and 1Peter Yek Nai Yuh

A STUDY ON CHICKEN FAT AS AN ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCK: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, FUEL CHARACTERIZATION AND DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 42

Mohd Nurfirdaus Mohiddin, **A.A. Saleh, A.N.R. Reddy and S. Hamdan

A REVIEW ON RUBEN’S TUBE AS ACOUSTIC PROPAGATOR 43 Rashidah Salim, **Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali, Sinin Hamdan, Magdalene Andrew Munot and Abang Mohamad Aizuddin

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN REMANUFACTURING SYSTEM 44

**M. Andrew-Munot, A. Yassin, S.T. Syed Shazali, M. Sawawi, S. J. Tanjong and N. Razali

WIND EFFECT ON HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONFIGURATIONS FOR HAZE REDUCTION 45

M. T. Jumahadi, **M. R. Saad, A. Che Idris and M. R. A. Rahman

SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY GROWTH GE OXIDE GE(100) 46 **1S. K. Sahari, 1N.A. Abdul Halim, 1M. Kashif, 2M. Sawawi, 1R. Sapawi, 1K. Kipli and 1N. Junaidi

INTEGRATED SAFETY AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS LOOP 47

Muhammad Athar, **Azmi M. Shariff, Azizul Buang and Dzulkarnain Zaini

MONITORING KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF FLUORIDE ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY PKS-BASED ANION RESINS 48

**1M.T. Bashir, 2A. Salmiaton, 2A. Idris and 2R. Harun

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CLAM SHELL POWDER-FILLED UNSATURATED POLYESTER COMPOSITES 49

**Mahshuri Yusof, Amalina Muhammad Afifi, Norazzlina M. Sa’don, Shahrol Mohamaddan and Jethro Henry Adam

v Gearing Towards a Greener Future

Study on Effect of Volume of Gold Chloroauric Acid on Size, Shape and Stability of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Elaeis Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) Leaves Extract 50

**1Tausif Ahmad, 1M. A. bin Bustam, 1Muhammad Irfan, 1Muhammad Moniruzzaman, 2Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar Asghar and 1Sekhar Bhattacharjee

DESIGN AND OPTICAL MODELING OF A LOW PROFILE STATIONARY CONCENTRATING SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR MEDIUM TEMPERATURE HEAT SUPPLY 51

**1Javed Akhter, 1S. I. Gilani, 2Muzaffar Ali and 3S. Z. A. Gilani

A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PPODM- CNF MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE FOR CO2/CH4 SEPARATION 52

Murugiah P.S, **Oh P.C. and Lau K.K

EFFECT OF PASTE VISCOSITY ON DIRECT-CURRENT RESISTANCE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL 53

1Siti Nur Azella Zaine and **2Norani Muti Mohamed

THE EFFECT OF AMINE SUBSTITUENT CHAIN LENGTH ON POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE/POLYSULFONE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE 54

**Y. C. Bong, P. C. Oh and T. L. Chew

IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CO2 SOLIDIFICATION IN CRYOGENIC CO2 CAPTURE FROM NATURAL GAS 55

Muhammad Babar, **Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Abulhassan Ali and Abdulhalim Shah Maulud

THE EFFECTS OF AMINE FUNCTIONALIZATION ON ZEOLITE T/6FDA -DURENE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES FOR CO2/CH4 SEPARATION 56

Norwahyu Jusoh, **Yin Fong Yeong, Kok Keong Lau and Azmi Mohd Shariff

EFFECT OF INTERPHASE REGION AND NEIGHBORING PARTICLES ON ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY WITHIN NANOCOMPOSITE SYSTEMS 57

**M. R. M. Sharip, D. N. A. Zaidel, M. H. I. Saad, A. S. Abdullah, N. I. Hashim and A. K. Rahman

PREPARATION OF MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE USING CELLULOSE ACETATE INCORPORATED WITH SYNTHESIZED KIT-6 SILICA 58

S. H. Ding, **T. L. Chew, P. C. Oh and A. L. Ahmad

MULTI-HOLES CONFIGURATIONS OF WOVEN FABRIC KENAF COMPOSITE PLATES: EXPERIMENTAL WORKS AND 2-D MODELLING 59

**Khairi Supar and Hilton Ahmad

IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK (SPF) IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES TO AVOID DISASTERS 60

1Muhammad Yasir Shamim, **1Azizul Buang, 1Azmi Mohd Shariff and 2Hirra Anjum

SYNTHESIS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYIMIDE CONSISTING HEXAFLUOROISOPROPYLIDENE MOIETY FOR GAS SEPARATION 61

N. A. Mokri, **P. C. Oh, H. Mukhtar and T. L. Chew

vi Gearing Towards a Greener Future

GRAPHENE OXIDE AS AN EFFICIENT PHOTOCATALYST PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF CO2 INTO SOLAR FUEL 62

1Nasir Shehzad, 1Thanabalan Murugesan, **1Khairiraihanna Johari and 2Muhammad Tahir

ANALYSIS OF GATE POLY DELAYERING IN SOI WAFER 63 1Handie Ahmataku, **2Shahrol Mohamaddan, 1Emilda Warren, 2Mahshuri Yusuf, 2Aidil Azli Alias, 3Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas, 4Kuryati Kipli and 2Mohamad Syazwan Zafwan Mohamad Suffian

DESIGN, FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF A NEW KEROPOK KEPING DRYING MACHINE 64

1M.N. Leman, **2S. Mohamaddan, 2M.S.Z. Mohamad Suffian, 2A.M. Aizuddin, 2A.S. Zainal Abidin, 2A.M.N. Abg Kamarudin, 3N. Junaidi and 3N.A.A. Mohtadzar

IMPROVEMENT OF THE BANDWIDTH AND SCATTERING PARAMETER PERFORMANCES OF 5G BRANCH-LINE COUPLER DESIGN FOR USE IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS) 65

1**Dyg Norkhairunnisa 1Abang Zaidel, 1Melvin Philip Attan, 1Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Sharip, 1Dyg Azra Awang Mat, 1Ade Syaheda Wani Marzuki, 2Norhudah Seman and 3Yi Lung Then

IMPACT OF COVER/BAR DIAMETER RATIO TO THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER DUE TO CORROSION 66

**Hamidun Mohd Noh and Nur’Ain Idris

THE USE OF MFA AND LCA IN THE AGRICULTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN KUALA TERENGGANU 67

**1Latifah Abdul Ghani, 2Noor Zalina Mahmood and 3Nora’aini Ali

DESIGN OF CMOS POWER AMPLIFIER WITH RESISTIVE FEEDBACK AND NOTCH FILTER FOR UWB SYSTEMS 68

D.S.A.A. Yusuf, **R. Sapawi, S.M.W. Masra, S.K. Sahari, M. Sawawi, D.A.A. Mat, A.S.W Marzuki

ENHANCED GASES SEPARATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE (CA) MEMBRANE USING N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE AS FABRICATION SOLVENT 69

Muhammad Mubashir, **Yeong Yin Fong, Chew Thiam Leng, Lau Kok Keong.

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS FOR PREDICTING DRAG COEFFICIENT IN FLEXIBLE VEGETATED CHANNELS 70

**1,2Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, 1Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, 1Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, 3Nor Azazi Zakaria and 3Aminuddin Ab. Ghani

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF AN ADVANCED FLOOD CAUTIONARY SIGN FOR VEHICLES SAFETY AT LOW LYING AREAS 71

**Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, Zahiraniza Mustaffa, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Mohd Zaid Zainuddin, Meor Asniwan Mew Ghazali and Mohamad Idris Mokhtar

DEVELOPMENT OF A CUTTING EDGE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF END MILL TOOL BY USING INFRARED RADIATION TECHNIQUE 72

Mohammad Ashaari Kiprawi, **Abdullah Yassin, Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali, M. Shahidul Islam, Mohd Azrin Mohd Said

INTEGRATING STUDENT CLASS ATTENDANCE INTO UNIVERSITY INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SEAMLESS MONITORING APPROACH 73

**1Rosmaini Tasmin, 2Azamuddin Rasidi, 2Shahril Nazim Mohd Salleh 3Mohd Saufi Che Rusuli

vii Gearing Towards a Greener Future

EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME AND SOLID RETENTION TIME OF POME ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY 75

**M. S. Islam, R. Baini, S. J. Tanjong, M. A. M. Said and J. J. Eugene

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SCATTERING OF A HIGH SPEED MOVING SOURCE AND ITS APPLICATION 76

**1Shafrida Sahrani, 1Nor Shafrillah Isa, 1Kismet Anak Hong Ping, 2Tatsuya Akata and 2Michiko Kuroda

Hydrocarbon-Selective Catalytic Reduction as Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Reduction: Review 77

**1Sherra Bellina Barrabas, 1Rubiyah Baini, 2Norsuzailina Mohamed Sutan and 1Ibrahim Yakub

WATER TREE SIMULATION ON UNDERGROUND POLYMERIC CABLE USING FINITE USING FINITE METHOD 78

1Muhatifah Mohd Salleh, 2Mohd Hafiez Izzwan Saad, **2Yanuar Z. Arief and 3Nor Asiah Muhamad

HIGH VOLTAGE STRESS DISTRIBUTION PHENOMENA ON LIQUID AND SOLID INSULATION MATERIAL USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 79

**1Yanuar Z. Arief, 3Nor Asiah Muhamad , 1Mohd Hafiez Izzwan Saad, 2Syazwan Nazri, 2Siti Nur Anina Othman and 2Mohd Fikri Hilmi Mohd Taib

STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN CEMENT STABILIZED SERIAN SOIL 80

**S.N.L. Taib, S. Striprabu, F. Ahmad, K.C.Y. Foo and L.S.B. Khor

INDEX 81

**Corresponding author

Gearing Towards a Greener Future 1

Paper No.

02-2017

COLLABORATIVE LOCATION-BASED MOBILE GAME WITH ERROR DETECTION ALGORITHM

1Adrus Mohamad Tazuddin, 2Wong Ming Ming and 3Abang Mohamad Aizuddin

1) Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota

Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of

Technology, 93300 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, (e-mail:

[email protected]).

3) Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan,

Sarawak, Malaysia, (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

In the recent years, there has been an evolution in game input medium. From just using buttons, players can now interact with games through a wider spectrum of inputs which includes touch screen, camera, light sensor, accelerometer, compass and GPS. This is driven by the availability of these modules and sensors within mobile devices that are omnipresent nowadays. As a result, there has been a creative breakthrough on how games are played today where gaming experience can be made more intuitive and immersive. Localization is one of the input medium where the player’s physical location is used as part of the gameplay. This paper proposes an original gameplay schema that utilizes indoor mobile Wi-Fi localization technique as game input that does not require additional infrastructure. The game takes advantage of the weakness of Wi-Fi localization where environmental influence is significant and make it part of the gameplay. A simple error detection algorithm is also introduced to maximize the game playability value by balancing game responsiveness and accuracy level.

Keywords: technology, Wi-Fi localization, location-based games, pervasive games

dr

120.0°

Player B

Player A

Player C

d3

θ

Targetd1

d2

Fig. 1 Scanning for the opposing team’s target.

mailto:[email protected]





Paper No.

04-2017 AN EMMS MIXTURE MODEL WITH BUBBLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

**1Atta Ullah, 1Iqra Jamil, 1Shah Jehan Gillani, 1Adnan Hamid and 2Khairuddin Sanaullah

1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied

Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of

Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).

Abstract

Modeling of fluidized beds with special focus on mesoscale structures has become prominent area of research in recent years. These efforts have focused on incorporating the effects of bubbles and clusters on the bed hydrodynamics. To account for the effects of these mesoscale bubbles on hydrodynamics of gas fluidized beds, appropriate sub-grid models are required. Energy Minimization Multiscale Modeling (EMMS) is one of the promising approaches available to this end. Present work focuses on development of an EMMS modeling approach where a bubble size distribution has been considered. In this work, bubble based EMMS mixture model developed earlier by same team has been modified. To consider the distribution, user defined values of minimum (db,min) and maximum diameter (db,max) are specified. As a first test case, a uniform bubble size distribution was followed. Due to the distribution, drag force was considered to comprise of contribution from each size group. The mathematical form of the objective function describing the energy for suspension and transport has not been altered. The heterogeneity index (Hd) from this new drag modification is then used to simulate turbulent fluidized beds of Group A and B particles.

Keywords: EMMS, CFD, turbulent bed, fluidization, multiphase

Fig. 2 Algorithm for calculation of heterogeneity index with EMMS mixture model.




Fig. 3 Conceptual model of design changes based on causal modelling. concepts

Paper No.

05-2017

MANAGING DESIGN CHANGE DYNAMICS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: CONCEPTUALIZING A QUALITATIVE MODEL

**1Jeffrey Yap Boon Hui, 2Hamzah Abdul-Rahman and 3Wang Chen

1) Jeffrey Yap Boon Hui. Lecturer, Department of Surveying, Lee Kong Chian Faculty

of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia and

PhD Candidate, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

(e-mail: [email protected])

2) Hamzah Abdul-Rahman. Professor, Faculty of Built Environment, University of

Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

3) Wang Chen, Distinguished Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao

University, Xiamen, China.

Abstract

Design changes are inevitable in building construction. The systemic effects of design changes are often under-estimated, triggering considerable overruns in project schedule and costs. To improve the understanding of the causal nature of design changes and its dynamic impacts on project performance, a causal loop model is conceptualized using system dynamics approach. The model facilitates project learning with the use of graphical representation of cause and effect feedback processes. The dynamic hypotheses indicate that effective communication improves design management and reusable project knowledge delimits design changes. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with twelve practitioners were conducted to gain insights on the causal relationship of the key variables. The conceptualized model is possibly the first ever model to correlate strategic management of design changes. This study addresses the current methodological gap in construction project management research that lacks system thinking and demonstrable causality with effective communication management and learning through past project experience and knowledge reuse for improved project delivery in the built environment.

Keywords: design change, overruns, communication, learning, system dynamics

Design Changes

Design Changes

Induced-Rework

cost varianceschedule variance

claims

disputes

motivation

productivity

overtime

stress & fatigue

scope

more task to do

information spread

communication

level

common understanding

of problem

past project

experience

reusable project

knowledge

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

+

--

+

+

+

-

R1B1

B6

R2

+

design change

causing factors

+

B2

--

++

-

B5

+

R3

B4

B3

+

+

-

R4




Paper No.

06-2017

GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION IN CAMERON HIGHLANDSUSING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

**Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu, Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof and Ahmad Mustafa Hashim

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. (Phone No: +601136028540, email:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Soil moisture is a significant unit of hydrological cycle that influences groundwater recharge and surface runoff. The expensive and laborious nature of ground-based measurement of soil moisture has called for application of remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. An investigation into soil moisture status is paramount to land degradation and desertification assessment. This study is therefore aimed at assessing the satellite derived LST-NDVI relationship for evaluation of geospatial distribution of soil moisture and evaluating its distributional pattern in mountainous Cameron Highlands watershed. Satellite sensors of Landsat-8 were used for estimation of soil moisture in ArcMap. The results of this study indicated that the mean land surface temperature (LST) for the area was estimated to be 23.30oC. Linear slope equations representing the maximum LST (dry edge) and minimum LST (wet edge) for LST-NDVI space scatter plot were evaluated for soil moisture index (SMI) estimation. The SMI values between -0.1484 and 0.3577 was observed with mean and standard deviation of 0.0965 and 0.0238 respectively. The results indicated that the highest mean SMI value occurred in the “very high” elevation class. This was because most high elevated areas are abundantly vegetated (high NDVI values) with relatively low level of human activities that exposes the land surface. This study explores multispectral satellite based soil moisture assessment for sustainable watershed management.

Keywords: Landsat-8, NDVI, LST, geospatial, elevation, SMI

Fig. 4 Soil moisture index distribution map.



Paper No.

08-2017

PROBABILISTIC ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF IMIDAZOLIUM IONIC LIQUIDS WITH AMINO ACID AND HALIDE ANIONS

Muhammad Ishaq Khan, **Dzulkarnain Zaini, Azmi Mohd Shariff and Muhammad Moniruzzaman

Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas,32610 Bander Seri

Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia (**Corresponding Author), phone: +60-

5368-7588; (e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical substances with good solubility and low vapor pressure because they are ionized and therefore charged. ILs may harm ecosystem due to their good water solubility. Conventional toxicological studies focus on the evaluation of toxicity (EC50/LC50/IC50/LD50) of ILs for different species for individual ILs. At present, only the limited information is available about the impacts of ILs on the environment. It is difficult to assess the ecotoxicological risks of ILs because of unavailability of exposure data. The main objective of the current research is to use statistical methods using laboratory toxicity values (EC50) from literature to assess potential ecotoxicological risks when the ILs do come into industrial use. Probabilistic ecotoxicological risk assessment (PETRA) method was adopted by using species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and chemical toxicity distributions (CTDs). Acute toxicity data were collected from literature data on the acute toxicity on four bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The SSD method was applied to estimate guideline values to give specified levels of protection for bacterial species. CTDs were calculated for each of the species to obtain the 1st and 5th percentiles to get screening point values (SPVs). SPVs were divided by assessment factors of 1000 recommended by Registration, Evaluation, Authorization & restriction of Chemicals (REACH) guidance to get screening-predicted no-effect concentrations (SPNECs). Imidazolium ILs with chloride and bromide anions were reported to be more risky towards bacteria selected in this research. Out of the four bacterial strains, E.coli was reported to be potentially at higher risk because of highest sensitivity when exposed towards ILs.

Keywords: ionic liquids; ecotoxicity; species sensitivity distributions, chemical toxicity distributions; probabilistic risk assessment

Fig. 5 SSD plot for Type-1 ILs.



Paper No.

11-2017

USE OF QUARRY DUST AS SAND REPLACEMENT

IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE: A REVIEW

**Lim Chung Han, Adriana Erica Amaludin, Hassanel Zazhary Amaludin, Mohd Azizul bin Ladin and Salinah binti Dullah

Faculty of Engineering at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

(phone: 088-320000 ext 3199; e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world today. As a result, sand, which makes up a large percentage of concrete, has been extensively mined and dredged, leading to environmental and sustainability issues. Many alternatives to sand have been investigated in the past, including quarry dust, which is a by-product from rock mining/quarrying industry and commonly regarded as waste. The environmental challenges associated with the safe disposal of quarry dust poses problems and much research has been carried out to investigate the feasibility of adapting quarry dust into the production of concrete as partial replacement in sand. This paper reviewed research work carried out in the past 20 years on replacement of sand with quarry dust in various types of structural concrete. Criteria assessed in this paper to determine feasibility of quarry dust as replacement include compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, workability, and various durability properties. Quarry dust replacements from certain stones such as marble and granite can equal or surpass the mechanical properties of conventional concrete whilst other types required usage at optimum amount to achieve the same. Usage of quarry dust also comes at the expense of loss of workability, necessitating use of super-plasticizers.

Keywords: quarry dust, concrete, mortar.

Fig. 6 Quarry dust.



Paper No.

12-2017 EUCLIDEAN SPACE DATA PROJECTION CLASSIFIER WITH CARTESIAN GENETIC PROGRAMMING (CGP)

**1WK Wong, 1Lenin Gopal, 1Terance Tan and 2Chekima Ali

1) Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract

Most evolutionary based classifiers are built based on generated rules sets that categorize the data into respective classes. This research work is a preliminary work which proposes an evolutionary based classifier using a simplified Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) evolutionary algorithm. Instead on using evolutionary generated rule sets, the CGP generates i) a reference coordinate ii) projection functions to project data into a new 3-Dimensional Euclidean space. Subsequently, a distance boundary function of the new projected data to the reference coordinates is applied to classify the data into their respective classes. The evolutionary algorithm is based on a simplified CGP Algorithm using a 1+4 evolutionary strategy. The data projection functions were evolved using CGP for 1000 generations before stopping to extract the best functions. The Classifier was tested using three PROBEN 1 benchmarking datasets which are the PIMA Indians diabetes dataset, Heart Disease dataset and Wisconsin Breast Cancer (WBC) Dataset based on 10 fold cross validation dataset partitioning. Testing results showed that data projection function generated competitive results classification rates: Cancer dataset (97.71%), PIMA Indians dataset (77.92%) and heart disease (85.86%).

Keywords: Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP), evolutionary based classifier, clustering

Table 1 Results of training and testing.



Paper No.

13-2017

ADDITION OF CEMENT LEFTOVER FROM THE HOLLOW OF THE SPUN PILE REINFORCEMENT AS AN ADDITIVE TO SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

**1A. Suraya Hani, 2A. Suzana Wati , 3Z. Muhammad Shukri, 1O. Mohd Hairi and 3J.Zalipah

1) Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu

Pahat, Johor, Malaysia (phone: +607-4537422; e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Polythecnic Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

3) Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn

Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.

Abstract

Spun pile have been significantly used widely to construct foundation for most construction project and implemented by developed countries including Malaysia. Spun pile is a reinforced precast and pre-stressed concrete compacted in mould through spinning compaction. Through the spinning compaction produced cement leftover in the reinforcement hollow of the spun pile that could be added into concrete mixture as an additive. The cement leftover of the spun pile were utilized in partial percentage as an additive for cement respectively in range of 0, 10, 20 and 30% (equal percentages). The result compressive strength at 7 and 28 days curing are presented to investigate the properties of the self-compacting concrete added with the cement leftover of the spun pile and other properties investigated include physical properties of fresh concrete and water absorption. The higher compressive strength and lower water absorption of the concrete added with the cement leftover of spun pile compared to the controlled concrete has been obtained for this study.

Keywords: spun pile, cement leftover, additive, self compacting concrete

Fig. 8 Compressive strength test result of each SCC batches at 7, 14 and 28 days of wet curing.

Fig. 7 Water absorption test result of each SCC batches at 7, 14 and 28 days of wet curing.





Paper No.

15-2017

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF INITIAL CO2 BUBBLES LEAKED IN SHALLOW SEAWATER FROM OCEAN CO2 STORAGE USING VOLUME OF FLUID METHOD

1Loi Hoang Huy Phuoc Pham, **1Risza Rusli and 2Afiq Mohd Laziz

1) Center Advance of Process Safety, Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti

Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri

Iskandar and 32610, Perak, Malaysia.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to propose a model to predict initial size and shape of CO2 bubbles leaked in shallow seawater from ocean CO2 storage. The volume of fluid (VOF) model in FLUENT was employed. The initial bubble sizes were predicted to increase with the increases in leakage velocity and leakage orifice diameter. The leaked bubbles were predicted to form into various shapes. A comparison of bubble shape predicted by the VOF model and observed from the recently published experimental data showed a reasonable agreement. It was found that the VOF method can be a reliable approach for predicting the initial size and the shape which are used to calculate a rising velocity and a dissolution rate of the bubble during the occurrence of the CO2 leakage in the ocean.

Keywords: CO2 leakage, CO2 bubble, initial size, shape, VOF method.

Fig. 9 Predictions of bubble formation after leaking through a leakage hole of 4-mm diameter and leakage velocity: (a) 0.15 m/s, (b) 0.25 m/s, and (c) 0.35 m/s.




Paper No.

18-2017

EFFECTS OF CATALYST BED POSITION ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY METHANE DECOMPOSITION

1Umair Sikander, ** 1Suriati Sufian, 1KuZilati KuShaari and 2Fai Kait Chong

1) Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Sri

Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia (email: [email protected]).

2) Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

Bandar Sri Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.

Abstract

COx free hydrogen can be produced by thermal decomposition of methane. Such process is carried out in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. Where heterogeneous catalytic reaction occur when methane come in contact with catalyst bed at a temperature range of 650-900ºC. In this work effects of different catalyst bed positions are investigated on the overall methane conversion to hydrogen. It is found that same catalyst has shown different results when placed at different heights in reactor column. Highest methane conversion of 85% c.a is found when catalyst bed is placed at 25% column height from bottom.

Keywords: hydrogen, methane decomposition, Fixed Bed Reactor, catalyst bed.

Gas IN

Furnace

K-Type thermocouple to analyze furnace temperature

Gas OUT

Inside reactor thermocouple thimble

TOP POSITION

POSITION A/ 75% height

POSITION B/ 50% height

POSITION C/ 25% height

BOTTOM POSITION

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of a fixed bed reactor.




Paper No.

19-2017

MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY OF ALUMINUM NANOPOWDERS AS ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS (ENMS)

Siti Hawa Nabilah Binti Zahari, ** Risza Binti Rusli, Azizul Bin Buang and Kanapathy A/L Mohanan

Centre of Advanced Process Safety (CAPS), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610

Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia (email: [email protected]).

Abstract

Enormous absence of knowledge regarding dust explosion involving Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) has led to the exploration on investigating the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) of selected ranges of sizes for aluminum nanopowders. Nano-structure owned by alumina definitely contributes to changes in its chemical as well as physical composition. Thus, testing on MIE determination was conducted on three different particle sizes of aluminum nanopowders; A1-100nm, Al-70nm, Al-40nm.The main aim of the project is to determine the relationship of the particle diameter with their respective MIE. The overall experimental procedure take place using 1.2L Hartmann tube explosion system based on ASTM E2019. Two different dust concentrations were tested (250 g/m3 and 500 g/m3) and the results showed that Al-40 nm have the lowest MIE values of less than 5mJ for both concentrations. For Al-70nm, the MIE value at concentration equals to 250g/m3 is between 10 mJ and 33 mJ, whereas the MIE is less than 10 mJ at concentration equals to 500 g/m3. This contradicts with Al-100nm in which the MIE is between 100 mJ and 200 mJ (c=250 g/m3) and between 33 mJ and 51 mJ (c=500 g/m3). In overall, as particle size decreasing, the MIE is significantly decreasing at respective concentrations.

Keywords: engineered nanomaterials, aluminum dust explosion, minimum ignition energy, nanopowders.

Fig. 11 MIE Cloud Apparatus.



Paper No.

20-2017 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SILVER CONTENT ON FLUX OF POLYSULFONE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE

**K. A. M. Said, R.L. Jama-in and N.A.M. Alipah

Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Universiti Malaysia

Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Nanosilver has become one of the most popular nanoparticles due to its many applications and relatively low manufacturing costs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of silver nitrate against water flux made of two polymers which are polysulfone (PSF) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). Polysulfone (PSF) membranes were prepared by phase inversion method using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent and water as a coagulant with different additional amounts (0.00-2.00 wt%) of silver contents. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron method (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and permeability test. The permeability test shows that membrane with 1.0 wt% of silver content gives the highest amount of water flux. This work explores the new configuration by embedding silver nitrate in composite membrane consist of PEI/PSF/Ag therefore encourage future work to find effective route to rational design of resulting in higher amount of water flux for better productivity.

Keywords: silver nanoparticles, polyethyleneimine (PEI), polysulfone (PSF), flux, NMP

Fig. 13 SEM Image for Cross Section Morphology (1500 magnification, 50 µm) (a) pure PSU membrane, (b) 0.5 wt % silver content (c) 1.0 wt % silver content (d) 1.5 wt % silver content (e) 2.0 wt % silver content (f) 0 wt% silver content

CM (a) CM (b) CM (c)

CM (d) CM (e) CM (f)

Fig. 12 Schematic illustration of membrane preparation.



Paper No.

21-2017

MULTIPLE-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN LASER JOINING OF DISSIMILAR MATERIALS CLASSES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN GREY AND RATIO ANALYSES

**1K. F. TAMRIN, 2N. A. SHEIKH, 3M. S. M. RIDZUAN and 1A. N. NADIRAH

1) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of

Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan,

Sarawak, Malaysia. [email protected].

2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Capital University

of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

3) Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, 93050 Kuching,

Sarawak, Malaysia.

Abstract

Multiple-objective optimization using grey relational analysis (GRA) has found widespread applications especially in manufacturing and machining processes that involve complex processing parameters and output attributes. On the other hand, multiple-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) is often applied in the fields of construction and economy. One distinctive feature of MOORA is the assessment of relative importance of all responses (i.e. weighting ratio) which are taken into account mathematically whilst GRA emphasis the need of a priori information for accurate assignment of weighting ratio. This paper compares these two seemingly different methods by considering their applications in laser joining of dissimilar materials classes in a number of case studies: (a) laser joining of polymer and ceramic, (b) laser joining of polymer and stainless steel, and (c) laser joining of polymer and aluminium alloy. The outcomes of the two methods are compared and discussed. In majority of the cases, the predicted top-ranked alternatives were comparably matched. It is concluded that MOORA is more favorable compared to GRA since it eliminates prior assumption concerning the relative importance of the measured responses, which can lead to unnecessary bias.

Keywords: laser joining, dissimilar materials, MOORA, grey relational analysis

Fig. 14 A typical optical configuration used to perform laser joining process.

Focal length

Assist gas

supply

Stand-off distance

Converging

lens

Laser beam

Joining direction

Sample width

Beam profile Specimen 1

Specimen 2




Paper No.

23-2017

INTERFACIAL FRICTION BEHAVIOR IN NARROW WALL PASTE BACKFILL SYSTEM

1Wee K. Ting, **1Alsidqi Hasan, 1Fauzan Sahdi, 1Siti N. Taib, 1Norsuzailina M. Sutan, 2Badhrulhisham A. Aziz and 3Andy Fourie

1) Civil Engineering Department, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan,

94300 Malaysia (email: [email protected]).

2) Rare Earth Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,

Malaysia.

3) School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, Crawley, WA 6009,

Australia.

Abstract

Understanding on the effects of interfacial friction within narrow wall is important in the design of underground stope backfill system. Laboratory scale stope model made of metal such as aluminium is normally used to simulate the actual stope paste backfill system, however, verification of such system in terms of interfacial friction behaviour is lacking. This paper presents the experimental results on the interfacial friction between backfill material and the aluminium narrow wall system as well as the internal friction of the paste backfill. Standard and modified direct shear tests are employed to investigate such behaviours under dry and saturated conditions for uncemented paste backfill (UCPB) and cemented paste backfill (CPB). For the CPB, cast in-situ and precast is also compared. The shear stress-strain behaviour is showcased in detail for every test. The general

findings show that the interfacial friction angle () at the backfill-aluminium interface is weaker

than internal friction angle () of the backfill itself with an average factor of 0.69 (δ/ =0.69). This factor is comparable to 2/3 or 0.67 which is commonly used in the design and analyses. The results help to better understand the behaviour of the backfill system, enabling engineers to optimize the paste backfill system design.

Keywords: shear strength, stress-strain, interfacial shear, narrow wall, arching

Fig. 15 Schematic of (A) deposition of CPB into mining stope, (B) stress generate when deposited into aluminium narrow wall, (C) investigation of shear behaviour with direct shear test.




Paper No.

24-2017 PASSIVE PATHOGENIC REMOVAL IN LEACHATE: MONITORING OF E. COLI COUNT

Nurasiah Mira Anuar and **Chee-Ming Chan

Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja,

Batu Pahat, 86400, Johor, Malaysia. (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of salinity on the number of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The bacteria used in this study was isolated from both saline (dredged marine soils) and non-saline (leachate) environment. The results showed that the number of E. coli isolated from leachate were more in lower salinity level compared to the number of E. coli isolated from Dredged Marine Soils (DMS). Vice versa, the number of E. coli isolated from leachate were least in higher salinity compared to the number of E. coli isolated from DMS. Findings from this study could be explained by the origin of the bacteria. This will serve as a base for future studies for removing bacteria in leachate using DMS as geosorbent in a landfill site.

Keywords: dredged marine soils; leachate; Escherichia coli; salinity

Fig. 16 Number of E. coli isolated from leachate in saline water.

Fig. 17 Number of E. coli isolated from marine soils in saline water.



Paper No.

25-2017

WEIBULL ANALYSIS ON BANANA FIBER STRENGTH WITH VARIATION OF WITHIN FIBER CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA

**1Charlie Sia Chin Voon, 1Lashane Fernando, 2Annie Joseph and 3David Chua Sing Ngie

1) Mechanical Engineering Department, Swinburne University of Technology

(Sarawak Campus), Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Electronics Engineering Department, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.

3) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University Malaysia

Sarawak, Malaysia.

Abstract

Nowadays, the world is facing a crisis in regard to renewable resources and rising carbon footprint. In the microscopic scale of engineering this is where natural fibers come into play. Natural fibers comprise of considerable advantages that include being lightweight, inexpensive and renewable in comparison to their synthetic counterparts. The fibers are being used as reinforcement in composite matrices, including hybrid composites. The main issue with natural fibers is the high disparity of its mechanical properties, especially tensile strength. In this study, Weibull statistical analysis is utilized in order to quantify the variation of the probabilistic strength of banana fibers. The modified Weibull distribution with conical frustum model can predict the gauge length effect more accurately than the conventional Weibull distribution with cylindrical model.

Keywords: Weibull analysis, tensile strength, banana fiber, gauge length effect

Fig. 19 Relationship between CV and gauge length Fig. 18 Alkaline treated banana fiber

Fig. 20 Predictions based on 10 mm and 40 mm gauge length (experimental results are plotted at 95% confidence intervals).




Paper No.

26-2017 EVOLUTION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WITH VARYING CEMENT WITH VARYING CEMENT DOSAGES IN DREDGED MARINE SOILS

Nurul Syakeera Nordin and **Chee-Ming Chan

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400 Parit Raja,

Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia (email: [email protected])

Abstract

Cement is widely applied in soil treatment to enhance its geotechnical properties. The treatment techniques of dredged marine soils (DMS) are an essential and necessary in assuring the effectiveness for a long-term solution. Particularly the application of it as a backfill material is of interest. The reuse of DMS as geo-material will minimize the impact to environment. The disposal of dredged marine soils (DMS) into the ocean or on land is unsatisfactory in managing its large quantity which indicates a high demand on new ocean and land disposal. DMS are classified as contaminated waste that contain of organic matter and heavy metals. Contaminated DMS can harm aquatic organism, animals and human. It must be disposed safely to ensure the contaminants are not released. This paper presents a cement-treated of Kuala Perlis DMS (3.4 LL) with varying dosage of cement (2.5 – 40 %) at different curing period (1, 168, 336 and 672 hours). It shows the undrained shear strength (su) value of cement-treated DMS throughout the curing process. The results for cement dosage above 20 % shows a good improvement in su value and the strength development were found increased after 168 hours of curing. It was explained that the lowest water-cement (w/c) ratio tend to have a higher su value of the cement-treated DMS.

Keywords: dredged marine soils, cement-treated DMS, undrained shear strength, water-cement ratio

Fig. 21 Undrained shear strength, su at different curing time.




Paper No.

28-2017 EFFECT OF GRANULAR INCLUSION ON THE CONSOLIDATION RATE OF DREDGED MARINE CLAY

S.F.S.M. Johan and **C-M. Chan

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400 Parit Raja,

Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia (email: [email protected]).

Abstract

This study investigates the granular inclusion such as sand, palm oil clinker and recycled pavement materials, in conjunction with dredged marine clay from dredging project at Kuala Perlis, Malaysia to improve the consolidation rate. Dredged marine clay (DMC) is known as geo-waste because of poor engineering properties. Thus, dredged and dump methods become an option to certain countries without any treatment before dumping it back to open waters. In addition, this method clearly gives the negative potential towards the environment especially the contamination of DMC to the marine ecosystems. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of granular inclusion to accelerated consolidation time and determine whether it can be reused or not by 1D oedometer test. The results showed that the use of granular materials does suggest the increasing of consolidation rate as well as strengthen the soil particles of DMC. Moreover, the effective use of waste granular materials such as palm oil clinker and recycled pavement materials contributes to developing a sustainable society by reducing the huge quantities of solid wastes and establishing a sound environment.

Keywords: dredging, dredged clay, granular materials, oedometer, consolidation rate

Fig. 22 Experimental

setup

Fig. 23 Illustration of mixed dredged clay-granular materials.




Paper No.

29-2017

KINETIC MODELING OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF BETEL NUT

1Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Ruslan, 2Zuhaili Idham, 2Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini, 2Lee Nian Yian and **2Mohd Azizi Che Yunus

1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610

Bandar Sri Iskandar, Perak, MALAYSIA (email: hazwan.ruslan@utp,edu.my).

2) Centre of Lipid Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for

Scientific & Industrial Research (Ibnu Sina ISIR) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310

UTM Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA (email: [email protected]).

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction is an advanced extraction technique that suitable for heat sensitive and active compound material from plants and herbs. Understanding the effect of extraction parameters on mass transfer coefficient at solid and fluid phase can determine the dominating extraction regime thus performance of the extraction may be enhanced. Grounded betel nuts were treated with supercritical carbon dioxide with 5% methanol as co-solvent to determine its mass transfer coefficient in solid and fluid phase for the following extraction conditions; pressure, 20 to 30 MPa; temperature, 50 to 70 °C; and flow rate, 2 to 4 mL/min. Simplified Sovová model was coupled with Broken and Intact Cell model to determine the mass transfer coefficients. The modelling results showed the mass transfer coefficients of solid phase and liquid phase are in the ranges of 0.00063 to 0.00353 m2/(m3.min) and 0.3497 to 3.9623 m2/(m3.min), respectively with overall relative deviation of 7.39%.

Keywords: Areca catechu, Betel nut, supercritical fluid extraction, kinetic model, mass transfer coefficient

Fig. 24 Extraction profile of betel nuts using supercritical fluid at constant temperature of 70ºC

and 30MPa (♦) 2mL/min (+) 3mL/min (▲)4 mL/min.

mailto:hazwan.ruslan@utp,edu.my



Paper No.

30-2017

THE OPTIMUM SODIUM HYDROXIDE CONCENTRATION FOR HIGH STRENGTH PLA-RICE STRAW COMPOSITES

**Melissa Augustine Saidi, Alexander Gorin, Kok Heng Soon and Elammaran Jayamani

Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350

Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia (phone: +60 82 416353; e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Most of the recent researches did not have an in-depth study on sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment as only the improvement in the properties of natural fibre composite using NaOH is being discussed. However, there is a potential in studying the effects of sodium hydroxide treatment even further by identifying the optimum NaOH concentration in order to achieve maximum improvement in the properties of the natural fibre composites. This work reports the development of a composite material derived from both renewable resource and biodegradable material with the emphasis to identify the optimum NaOH treatment condition in order to achieve maximum improvement in the flexural strength of poly-lactic acid (PLA) reinforced with rice straw (RS) fibres. The RS fibres were treated with different NaOH concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5 and 6.25mol L-1) and the optimum NaOH concentration was 5mol L-1 of NaOH where the flexural strength of the PLA/RS fibres were improved by 185%. Thus, it can be concluded that with the optimum NaOH concentration, a strong adhesion between the PLA matrix and the RS fibre which resulted in the improvement in the flexural strength.

Keywords: Poly-lactic Acid, rice straw fibre, sodium hydroxide, flexural properties

Fig. 25 Flexural strength for the sodium hydroxide treated PLA/RS fibre composites.

25.99

14.33

23.6126.86

48.06

26.98

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0mol/L 1.25mol/L 2.5mol/L 3.75mol/L 5mol/L 6.25mol/L

Fle

xu

ral

Str

eng

th (

N/m

m^

2)

Concentration of NaOH



Paper No.

33-2017

POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SYSTEM WITH THE INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

**1Sim Sy Yi, 1Goh Hui Hwang, 1Kek Sie Long, 1Alvin John Lim Meng Siang, 2Yonis. M. Yonis. Buswig, 1Farahiyah Mustafa, 1Azuwien Aida Bohari and 1Mohd Aidil Ardi

1) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The non-linear constant increment of power demands due to loads caused a complexity in the operation of the power system network and might may also cause insecurity without adequate control in the system with large power flows. A successful alternative energy source gives new challenges when connected to the power grid system. It is however that with the presence of environmental conditions, there is a constant fluctuation of generated power from renewable energy sources. This can be explained when wind power is used as a source of injection into an electric grid, where the power quality will be affected due to the fluctuating condition of the nature of the wind and comparatively new types of its generators panel. Power system control is introduced in this matter using a controller known as FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System). FACTS controllers such as STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) can function to be a terminal voltage regulator to the power system and consequently improving the systems’ stability and power quality. With the usage of IEEE 14 bus power system network, both the potential STATCOM and SSSC are measured using the controller at high influential locations of the power system.

Keywords: power factor improvement, power grid, renewable energy sources, FACTS

Fig. 26 IEEE 14-bus test system.



Paper No.

35-2017

STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE THIN FILM RELATIVE TO THE REACTION TIME OF SYNTHESIS

**1E.Jaafar, 1M. Kashif, 1SK. Sahari and 2Z. Ngaini

1) Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS), 94300 Kota

Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Faculty of Resources Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

(UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by treating graphite powder with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4)/ phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at various reaction time. The GO thin film is coated on a glass substrate by using drop casting method. The morphological, optical and electrical properties of GO thin film were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. The morphological study of GO shows that more oxygen functional groups were observed as the reaction time increases from 24h to 96h and is justified from the optical properties of GO thin films. The optical and morphological properties of GO thin film affects the electrical properties as the resistivity increase from 9.33 x 106Ω.cm to 26.15 x 106Ω.cm. Morphological and optical data confirms that 48h is the optimized reaction time having a resistivity of 12.30 x 106Ω.cm.

Keywords: graphene oxide, reaction time, synthesis, thin film

Fig. 27 SEM image of Graphene Oxide at different reaction time: (a) 12h, (b) 24h, (c) 48h, (d) 72h, (e) 96h.




Paper No.

36-2017

MULTIVOLTAGE TRACKING OF A MULTI VOLTAGE TRACKING OF A MULTI -INPUT INTERLEAVED BUCK-BOOST DC -DC CONVERTER USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CONTROL

**1Yonis. M. Buswig, 1Al-Khalid bin Hj Othman, 1Norhuzaimin bin Julai, 2Sim Sy Yi, 2Wahyu Mulyo Utomo and 2Alvin John Lim Meng Siang

1) Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, (e-

mail: [email protected])


[email protected])

Abstract

This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) voltage tracking of multi-input interleaved buck-boost DC-DC converter. A back-propagation algorithm topology is implemented in this paper. The control unit is implemented to ameliorate the performance of the proposed multi-input converter during transient dynamic response and steady state operation mode. The neural network controller unit design, which is adaptive against output voltage command tracking and reference voltage variations is proposed. The proposed design has been verified through the MATLAB software. The simulation outcomes emphasized the validity and reliability of the proposed neural network technique, which would be a promising an efficient control method that ensure multi-input converter suitable for electric vehicle and renewable energy application systems.

Keywords: multi-input converter, algorithm back-propagation, artificial neural network control, tracking voltage variations

Fig. 28 Schematic diagram of the proposed ANN controller technique for a Multi-Input Interleaved DC-DC Buck-Boost converter.




Paper No.

38-2017

DESIGN OF PORTABLE 3-AXIS FILAMENT WINDING MACHINE WITH INEXPENSIVE CONTROL SYSTEM

**1Ma Quanjin, 1M.R.M. Rejab, 1M.S. Idris, 1M. Amiruddin, 1D. Bachtiar, 1J.P. Siregar and 2M.I. Ibrahim

1) Structural Materials & Degradation Focus Group, Faculty of Mechanical

Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) Faculty of Engineering, DRB-Hicom University of Automotive Malaysia, 26607

Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Filament winding technology is one of the fundamental methods in composite material fields, which needs a high degree of automation. It is the process in which continuous strands or filament of fibres are wound on the mandrel, which is more suitable for making high-pressure vessels, pipes, shaft and ducts. The filament winding machines have existed in enterprises or factories, which are high costs, heavy, complex control system, simple products so far. This paper describes the development of a new 3-axis filament winding machine for the production of wound composite cylinders, which is designed to be more portable, lightweight, low costs, high efficiency and easy control system compared to previous machines. It relates to design hardware control system and the software control system. Based on three axes movement principles, a 3-axis prototype filament winding machine has been developed. The x-axis is the movement left and right of the carriage, the y-axis is the rotation of mandrel and the z-axis is the movement of the feeder. Arduino Uno and CNC (Computer Numeral Control) shield module are used as hardware of control system. Universal G-Code Sender (UGS) and Grbl (G-codes) are adopted as software control system. In conclusion, a protable 3-axis filament winding machine has been successfully designed and performed, which offers potential filament wound composite cylinders with simple control system.

Keywords: 3-axis filament winding machine, Arduino Uno, UGS, Grbl

Fig. 29 The orthographic view of the 3-axis filament winding machine.



Paper No.

40-2017 A NOVEL OPTIMIZATION OF PID CONTROLLERS FOR SECOND AND THIRD SYSTEMS

**Falih S. M. Alkhafaji, W. Z. Wan Hasana , Maryam Isa and Nasri Sulaiman

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Abstract

This research proposed a new tuning technique to search efficiently Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) parameters, by locating near-optimal tuning solutions, which compensate for delay time. The purpose is that to minimize response time by optimized PID gains Kp, Ki, Kd within a deferent order model. Related to survey, numerous existing papers propose to optimize proportional gains by introducing various methods. Most of these works cannot achieved to find the best solution for optimization of different orders system. By using both proposed tuning with improved selective switching, it is possible to obtain a maximum optimization for any order system. Proposed tuning was applied by using 17 steps with less than 39 generation loops, each generation include four loops calculation. Response time are measured and compared with previous times until reached to optimal gains, then fixed Kp,Ki,Kd. The results show decreasing rise time to 0.0165sec in the second order, and 0.119sec in the third order with zero overshoot. Results prove that this method leads to more precise, effective, robust, optimization with less iteration and applicable with various plants. Furthermore, it is a quick, simple, powerful and more practical methodology, compared with PID toolbox tune.

Keywords: iteration, response time, PID controller, tuning

Fig. 30 Step response based proposed method applied to three case studies: (A) Step response based second order system where crucial point generated in 37 iteration, (B) Step response based POLE ZERO system where crucial point generated in 37 iteration, (C) Step response based third order system where crucial point generated in 37 iteration.



Paper No.

42-2017

ENERGY HARVESTING FROM ROTATING MOTION OF IN-PIPE ROBOT CLEANING DEVICE

**1Ana Sakura Zainal Abidin, 1Tim Brandon Anak Sawing, 1Izzat Haziq Abdullah, 1Haymilton Yearne Melvin, 1Shahrol Mohamaddan, 1Annisa Jamali, 1Rasli Muslimen, 1Muhd Fadzli Ashari, 1Mohd Syahmi Jamaludin and 2Hazmi Hijazi Abdul Halim

1) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of

Engineering, Universiti. Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,

MALAYSIA (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia

Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

In-pipe robot (IPR) needs continuous and constant power supply during operation within limited power source available. This research is a continuation from the previous IPR: D200 for cleaning operation. Objective of this research is to study the possibility of harvesting electrical energy from IPR and how much electrical output can be generated. The concept is to re-use kinetic energy from high speed rotation of the IPR cleaning device to be converted into electrical energy which can be used to recharge the main battery. Two types of circuits have been developed namely unregulated charging circuit and regulated charging circuit. Both developed circuits are simulated using Livewire software. The developed circuits are then validated using experiment to measure the output voltage. Simulation results show the unregulated charging circuit can produce output voltage of 10.90V while regulated charging circuit produce output voltage of 5.47V. Experiments have confirmed that unregulated charging is able to produce higher voltage of 6.93V as compared to regulated charging circuit. The experiment results are lower than simulation results due to power loss during power transmission of the actual circuits. In the meantime, the unregulated charging circuit produced inconsistent output as compared to the regulated charging circuit. Therefore, the regulated charging circuit will be considered for the IPR: D200 applications as well as other similar applications.

Keywords: power regeneration, kinetic energy, electrical energy, in-pipe robot.

Fig. 31 Power regeneration concept.




Paper No.

43-2017

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH (SU) AND CONSOLIDATION RATIO FOR MARINE SOFT CLAY

**1Alvin John Lim Meng Siang, 1Sim Sy Yi and 2Yonis M. Yonis Buswig


[email protected]).

2) Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, (e-

mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Clay soil is known to create many problems in civil engineering works specifically from the design, construction and maintenance stages. Special consideration should be taken especially in the design of infrastructures on clay soil. Over consolidation ratio (OCR) and the undrained shear strength (Su) of clay soil is very important in the field of Geotechnical engineering as it can be used to estimate the behavior of clay. In this study, a relationship between undrained shear strength and over consolidation ratio (OCR) parameters was found to establish a non-linear correlation formula. Laboratory experiment was done by taking undisturbed samples at different depths of 0.5 m from 1.0m to 3.5m below ground level. The samples were then tested under the odometer and vane shear test to obtain the OCR values and the undrained shear strength (Su) respectively. It was found that the OCR and shear strength values are inversely proportional at similar depths and at the same undrained conditions. The OCR value however, decreases when the soil strength increases. An acceptable correlation was obtained from the relationships where the R2 values were very close to 1.0 using polynomial equations. The comparison between the experimental result and previous researchers produced a non-linear correlation that shows a similar pattern with this study.

Keywords: Clay, Over-consolidation ratio, Undrained shear strength

Fig. 32 Batu Pahat soft clay soil.




Paper No.

44-2017

IDENTIFICATION OF BRITTLE ZONES FOR POTENTIAL ROSENEATH SHALE GAS, COOPER BASIN, AUSTRALIA USING GEOMECHANICAL, PETROPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

**1Omer Iqbal, 1Maqsood Ahmad and 2Askury Abd Kadir

1) Department of Petroleum Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP),

Perak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Geoscience, University Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Perak,

Malaysia. (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The REM (Roseneath, Epsilon, and Murteree) formations in Cooper basin, South Australia are proven shale gas play. We believe that geomechanical and petrophysical properties of reservoirs could be used to optimize fracturing treatment. These properties help to select suitable/potential layers for fracturing operations and stages. The integrated studies were carried out to find suitable layers for fracturing in terms of brittle, less brittle, less ductile and ductile behaviour. Petrophysical studies involve estimation of organic richness, porosity, mineralogy and lithology through core based and geophysical wireline logging data integration. Mineral models were developed through core-log integration with the aid of interactive Petrophysics software. On the other hand, geomechanical studies involve estimation of static and dynamic elastic parameters from core and well logs respectively. These elastic parameters were used to find the Brittleness Index(BI) after calibration. Brittleness Index also estimated based on mineralogy using proposed relations. Several statistical regression analyses were carried out to find a suitable approach for Brittleness Index. The results clearly indicated that BI-1 and BI-7 showed good correlation with each other. There is a significant increase in Brittleness Index with decrease in organic richness and porosity. We believe that devised model in this research based on reservoir properties estimated, using core and geophysical wireline logging data is suitable for potential shale gas reservoirs, layers selection and later for fracturing to produce commercial quantities of natural gas

Keywords: Shale gas, Brittleness Index(BI), Total organic contents, porosity, Brittleness Index model



Fig. 33 Plot of Brittleness Index (BI-1) versus Brittleness Index based on mineral contents.



Paper No.

45-2017

LEAD COMPENSATOR DESIGN FOR SINGLE-PHASE QUASI Z-SOURCE INVERTER

**1Sut Khan Yong, 1Kah Haw Law, 1Wendy Pei Qin Ng and 2Mohamed Dahidah

1) Curtin University, Miri, CDT 250 98009 MALAYSIA (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle university, Newcastle

upon Tyne, UK.

Abstract

This paper presents a new control method for single-phase quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI). At present, trial and error as well as tuning of traditional proportional integral (PI) controller techniques are utilized at the aforementioned topology to achieve system stability. Nevertheless, drawbacks of PI controlled based converter/inverter topologies are realized which include slow response speed and poor robust performance compared with the systems uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. In this work, lead compensator in control of the unipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) qZSI is demonstrated to show its superiority against traditional PI control based on the derived qZSI’s small signal model. The methods to obtain the controllers’ parameters of the lead compensator is also documented in this paper. The effectiveness and the theoretical analysis of the proposed approach are verified through simulation studies for different loading conditions. The simulation demonstrates the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control method in providing fast dynamic and transient response through frequency response analysis.

Keywords: Quasi-Z-Source Inverter, Lead compensator, Pulse width modulation, Controller, Transient Response.

Fig. 34 Quasi Z-source Inverter with Lead Compensator Design.




Paper No.

46-2017 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY IN KUCHING, SARAWAK

N. Rostam Afshar and D.N. Suhaimi

Abbaspour School of Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Within these past few decades, climate had change and it is happening around the world. The impacts are due to amount of precipitation received, temperature, rate of evaporation, and variation in solar radiation received by earth. Other than that, human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change and often referred as global warming. As the population increases, the water consumption for residence in Kuching area also affected. For this study, it applies a mathematical modeling for forecasting and visualizes the trend for past 10 years (from 2005 until 2014) in Kuching area. Data was collected from Department of Irrigation and Drainage Sarawak and Meteorological Department Kuching Branch. Using Classical Multiplicative Time-Series Modeling, data was forecasted and the trend between selected meteorological data (precipitation, evaporation, temperature and solar radiation) is then discussed. The interaction between current meteorological trend with water consumption, water production and population within the Kuching area are discussed in order to evaluate impact of climate change on water resources in Kuching. From the data analysis, water resources in Kuching area may not be sustainable for much longer since current source of raw water supplies are almost at their peaks safe yield for the catchments. It should be our concern in order to cater for an increasing population in the future.

Keywords: Climate change, Precipitation, Temperature, Evaporation, Solar Radiation, Water Resources

Fig. 35 Production of water vs population.



Paper No.

47-2017 DISTRIBUTED DOUBLE DIFFERENTIAL SPACE-TIME CODING WITH AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD RELAYING

** Sylvia Ong Ai Ling, Hushairi Zen, Al-Khalid Hj Othman and Khairuddin Bin Hamid

Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

This paper provides the double differentially modulated distributed space-time coding for amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying cooperative communications system under time-varying fading channels. In many wireless systems, the communication terminals are mobile. In such case, frequency offsets arise subjected to Doppler’s effect and frequency mismatch amongst the terminals’ local oscillators. The double differential coding is proposed to overcome the problem of frequency offsets that present in the channel due to the rapidly fast moving nodes. The advantage of the double differential is that the scheme requires neither channel nor frequency offset knowledge for decoding process at the desired destination. However, the conventional two-codeword approach fails to perform and leads to error floor (i.e. a region where the error probability performance curve flattens in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime) under fast fading environment. Hence, a low complexity multiple-codeword double differential sphere decoding (MCDDSD) is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed MCDDSD significantly improve the system performance in time-varying environment.

Keywords: frequency offsets, multiple-codeword double differential detection, time-varying relaying channel, sphere decoding, distributed space-time coding

Fig. 36 Cooperative Communication System for Distributed Space-Time Block Coding.



Paper No.

49-2017 PRODUCTION OF KARANJA METHYL ESTER FROM CRUDE KARANJA OIL USING MERETRIX LYRATA SYNTHESIZED ACTIVE CAO CATALYST

1Dewi. H, **1A.A. Saleh, 1A.N.R. Reddy, 1S. Hamdan and 2K. Charyulu

1) Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota

Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, India (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Active calcium oxide catalyst was synthesized from Meretrix Lyrata (M.Lyrata) following calcination-hydration-dehydration technique. The catalytic feasibility of synthesized CaO was investigated in production of Karanja methyl ester (KME) from crude Karanja oil (CKO). KME

was synthesized through esterification using 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 followed by transesterification utilizing CaO

in a two-step reaction process of CKO and methanol. The M.Lyrata shells were calcined at 900℃ and the catalyst samples were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, PSA, and BET-BJH spectrographic techniques. A maximum FAME conversion of 97.3% was obtained at optimum reaction conditions include methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2%wt, reaction

temperature of 58 ℃ and reaction time of 2 h. In comparative study with the commercial CaO, M.Lyrata showed a higher catalytic activity. The catalyst reusability experiments ascertain reusability of CaO up to four reuse cycles had shown good efficiency. The economic comparative study confirms that CaO derived from M.Lyrata can be used as an alternative and feasible catalyst for the biodiesel production. The KME fuel properties were comply according to EN-14214 biodiesel fuel standards.

Keywords: seashells, heterogenous catalyst, transesterification, Karanja biodiesel, spectroscopy

Fig. 37 Calcination – hydration – dehydration technique.




Paper No.

51-2017 DEVELOPMENT OF KEK LAPIS SARAWAK’S AUTOMATED COOLING AND PRESSING SYSTEM BY USING PLC

N. Junaidi, M. S. Hamsawi, A.S. Zainal Abidin, N. I Hashim, M.S. Jamaludin and S. Mohammadan

Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Abstract

Kek lapis Sarawak or Sarawak layered cake is a unique cake that is made of many layers of cakes baked one layer at a time. There are a lot of beautiful design comes with various type, pattern, colour and tastes which make Kek lapis Sarawak a unique cake. There is an overwhelming demand of Kek Lapis Sarawak in the market that consequently need for automation. The main objective of this research is to upgrade the traditional production system into an automatic production system. This research is expected to increase productivity, maintain product quality and increase profitability of the Kek Lapis Sarawak’s production. Moreover, this research is focusing on the design of control system for the automated cooling and pressing system for Sarawak Layered Cake by using PLC and to fabricate the automated Kek Lapis Sarawak pressing and cooling system. The design of the roller presser machine and cooling system and the hardware wiring are presented in this paper. The fabrication of the system was also discussed. A simulation result by using CX-Programmer shows that the system runs accordingly. The development of the control system is hoped to improve the operation of the automated cooling and pressing system of Sarawak Layered Cake. This research concludes that this machine could provide greater advantages in cooling and pressing for Kek Lapis Sarawak’s production which maintaining the quality of the cake, increase in productivity and profitability.

Keywords: Kek Lapis Sarawak, programmable logic controller (PLC), automation, pressing

Fig. 38 Kek Lapis Sarawak’s Automated Cooling and Pressing System.



Paper No.

53-2017

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF GREEN ROOF IN BUILDING DESIGN: A CASE STUDY IN BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

**1S. Shams, 2Pg Hj R. Ismandi, 3Arifin bin Haji Zania and 4Asmirolasmi bin Haji Mohamad

1) Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB), Jalan

Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam.

2) Directorate of Development and Work Services, Ministry of Defence, Brunei

Darussalam.

3) Building & Technical Division, Department of Councils of State, Brunei Darussalam.

4) Department of Technical Services, Public Works Department (JKR), Brunei

Darussalam. (E-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Green roof like any other green technology serves the same purposes to address the issue of energy and environment simultaneously. Countries in Europe like Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands have a long tradition in practicing green roof and even in Asian countries like Singapore, China (e.g., Hong Kong) have government policy specific to promote greenery through green roofs. This is due to the fact that green roof is a viable option, which provides a significant number of social, environmental and economic benefits. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges and opportunities of green roof application and its development in Bandar Seri Begawan (BSB), Brunei Darussalam. Planners and policy-makers will be able to formulate policies suitable for implementing sustainable building by identifying the challenges of green roof in Brunei Darussalam. The study finds 93% of government and commercial buildings has steel pitched roof and 7% RC (Reinforced Concrete) flat roof which has the potential for green roof thereby saving energy and promoting a healthy living. A survey was conducted regarding people’s willingness to implement green roof and only 24% are in favor of using green roof. Lack of awareness and high installation (BND $ 450 sq. m.) and maintenance (BND $ 13.50 sq. m.) cost are the major challenges to the application of green roof in BSB.

Keywords: buildings, energy, green roof, urban heat island

Fig. 39 The Prime Minister’s Office: The roof of the underground basement is all covered with 5000 m2 of greenery landscape (Intensive green roof).



Paper No.

57-2017

EFFECT OF FREEZING TIME AND SHAKING SPEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PROGRESSIVE FREEZE CONCENTRATION VIA VERTICAL FINNED CRYSTALLIZER

1Nurul Aini Amran, 1Shafirah Samsuri and **2Mazura Jusoh

1) Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri

Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.

2) Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected])

Abstract

Performance of a newly developed freeze concentrator named Vertical Finned Crystallizer (VFC) in concentrated glucose solution was evaluated. The VFC was designed as an attempt to provide an efficient Progressive Freeze Concentration (PFC) system by providing larger heat transfer area for crystallization. Glucose solution at an initial concentration of 11°Brix was concentrated through the new PFC system. The performance of the crystallizer was analyzed in parallel with the effect of freezing time and shaking speed to the system efficiency, represented by effective partition constant (K) and solute recovery (Y). The results show that the efficiency of the system has significantly improved portrayed by the lowest K value obtained of 0.383 and the highest Y value obtained of 0.96 g glucose/g initial glucose at intermediate circulation time and shaking speed. Thus, the VFC is evidently proven to have a high potential to be integrated in a PFC process as an efficient concentration system. The results obtained offer some guidelines on how to produce an efficient PFC system through parameter setting.

Keywords: freeze concentration, cryoconcentration, progressive freeze concentration, vertical finned crystallizer, effective partition constant, solute recovery

Fig. 40 A close-up view of the VFC: a) before and b) after the formation of ice.



Paper No.

58-2017

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SLOTTED RING WIDEBAND BANDPASS FILTER FOR MICROWAVE SENSOR

**1Dyg Norkhairunnisa Abang Zaidel, 1Ameerul Fiqri Abu Bakar, 1Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Sharip, 1Dayang Azra Awang Mat, 1Ade Syaheda Wani Marzuki and 2Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel

1) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.

2) Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310,

Johor Bahru, Johor (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Aiming to operate in wideband frequency range as a microwave sensor to measure the rice quality, two new design of slotted ring wideband bandpass filter design are presented in this paper. Broad side coupled microstrip-slot technique has been implied into both designs to produce tight coupling filter with a wideband frequency range performance. Rogers RO4003C substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm is used for the designs to maintain the low manufacturing cost. Both designs have different slotted ring widths, therefore, investigations on the effect of difference slotted ring’s widths towards the scattering parameter performance will also be presented in this paper. The simulation results show that the slotted ring wideband bandpass filter with thicker width shows better results compare to the one with thinner width. The overall results show that the designed wideband BPF possess good performance and suitable to be used as a microwave sensor to measure the rice quality.

Keywords: bandpass filter, broadside coupling, microstrip-slot, wideband.

Fig. 41 Type 1 slotted ring wideband bandpass filter design (top patch).

Fig. 42 Type 1 slotted ring wideband bandpass filter design (ground).



Paper No.

60-2017 HIGH-GAIN MODIFIED ANTIPODAL VIVALDI ANTENNA FOR ULTRA WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS

S. A. Adamu, **T. Masri, W. A. W. Z. Abidin and K. H. Ping

Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan,

Sarawak Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract

In this paper, the design of a high gain modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna (HG-MAVA) for ultra wideband applications is presented. The proposed antenna designed on a low cost FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6mm was realized by incorporating a combination of exponential slot edge corrugation on the radiating flare and a high permittivity dielectric director in the flare aperture of a conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna (CAVA). Compared to the CAVA, the proposed antenna extends the lower end frequency limit of the CAVA to 2.15 GHz. Improvement in realized gain is also achieved throughout the 2.15 GHz to more than 11 GHz operating frequency band of the proposed antenna with the highest improvement of 1.61 dBi at 7 GHz. The surface current distribution and the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna were studied to further characterize the performance of the antenna.

Keywords: antenna, corrugation, dielectric director, gain, surface current, ultra wideband

Fig. 43 Structure of proposed AVA.



Paper No.

61-2017 COMPRESSIBILITY AND CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR OF DREDGED MARINE SOILS (DMS) ADMIXED WITH CEMENT AND/OR WASTE GRANULAR MATERIALS (WGM)

Mohd. Zawawi Rosman and **Chee-Ming Chan

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit

Raja, Johor (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The low engineering properties of dredged marine soils (DMS) have rendered the soil as geo-waste which is most likely to be discarded back into the sea. Soil improvement by using cement could easily improve the engineering properties of the soil. However, with the increasing trends of green technology and sustainable engineering, many researchers seek for alternative pozzolanic materials such as coal bottom ash (BA) and palm oil clinker (POC) to fully or partially substitute the use of cement. Therefore, series of one-dimensional consolidation test were executed on samples with various percentages of admixtures in the present study. This study examines the compressibility and time-dependent consolidation behaviour of the samples. Based on the findings, cemented DMS shows higher void ratio than WGM-admixed DMS. The cement-WGM-admixed samples display considerable compressibility and time-dependent consolidation properties. Moreover, the addition of BA in cement-admixed DMS could reduce the usage of 5 % cement. These findings suggest that in general, WGM could be act as supplementary additives to cement.

Keywords: dredged marine soils, coal bottom ash, palm oil clinker, consolidation, oedometer

Fig. 44 Coal bottom ash (left) and palm oil clinker (right).



Paper No.

63-2017 DEVELOPING NOISE MAPS TO MONITOR RAILWAY TRAIN NOISE AT FOUR (4) DIFFERENT KERETAPI TANAH MELAYU (KTM) STATIONS

**1Selamat, F. E and 2Abdul Rahim F. L

1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang,

Selangor, Malaysia.

2) Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Malaysia. (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Due to the rapid increase in the growth of public transportation especially railway train, the responsibility to maintain the noise level within the acceptable range at the stations is crucial. Policies on noise control have been developed in most part of the world. Passengers ride the train daily and they are continuously being exposed to high level of noise. A powerful tool with the ability to measure ambient noise level and represent it on a map shall help acoustical engineers and safety officers to identify noise sources, and how it spreads, thus, enabling them to make decisions relating to noise control and management. Maps were drawn to show spatial distributions of noise and source classification. This project focuses on the noise issue at various KTM stations by collecting noise level data using a sound level meter (SLM) and producing noise maps by means of Sketchup Pro software to represent the noise band. The noise level gradually reduces as we go further away from the source. The Leq of the four stations are between 60 – 70 dB, which are assessed as acceptable. The noise level data are then used to develop noise maps for the four KTM stations.

Keywords: noise, railway train, noise map, sound level meter, acoustic.

Fig. 46 Svan 945A Sound level meter

Fig. 45 KTM Train Stations (Serdang, Bandar Tasek Selatan, KL Sentral, Kuala Lumpur)

Fig. 47 Noise mapping result using Sketchup Pro.




Paper No.

64-2017 HEAT AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUID FLOW IN POROUS MICROCHANNELS

**1Ting Tiew Wei, 2Hung Yew Mun, 1Mohammad Shahril Osman and 1Peter Yek Nai Yuh

1) School of Engineering and Technology, University College of Technology Sarawak,

96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) School of Engineering, Monash University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.

Abstract

By employing field synergy principle, the present study analyses the convection heat transfer performance of viscous dissipative nanofluid flow in a porous microchannels. The effects of porous medium embedment on the field synergy of nanofluid flow is investigated by using two-energy-equation model. Two-dimensional closed-form temperature distributions for both solid and fluid phases are obtained and field synergy formulations based on viscous dissipative flow are developed. It is observed that the interstitial heat transfer affects the field synergy of the flow tremendously. The deviation between one-energy-equation model and two-energy-equation model reduces when the field synergy of the system increases. With the embedment of porous media in microchannel, the convective heat transfer performance is enhanced due to the increased synergy between the velocity and temperature gradient fields of the flow. Besides, the field synergy of the system can be further enhanced by suspending nanoparticle in the working fluid. This study provides an auxiliary point of view on the distinctive thermal performance of nanofluid flow in porous microchannel.

Keywords: Field synergy, thermal non-equilibrium, porous microchannel, nanofluid, viscous dissipation

Fig. 48 Water-Al2O3 nanofluid flow in porous medium embedded in a parallel-plate

microchannel.




Paper No.

65-2017 A STUDY ON CHICKEN FAT AS AN ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCK: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, FUEL CHARACTERIZATION AND DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Mohd Nurfirdaus Mohiddin, **A.A. Saleh, A.N.R. Reddy and S. Hamdan

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia. (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the promising renewable sources to fulfil the energy demand of the world. The sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production is one of the major criteria to ensure the process’ renewability. Chicken fat is an encouraging feedstock for biodiesel. In this study, waste chicken fat was converted to biodiesel via catalysed transesterification. The optimised process parameters were recorded at 1:4 oil to methanol volume ratio and 0.5 wt% KOH catalyst concentration which yield 96%. FT-IR analysis for chicken fat and chicken fat biodiesel confirmed the conversion of chicken fat into biodiesel. The biodiesel physicochemical properties were tested according to ASTM standards and the results comply with EN 14214 biodiesel standards. Specifically, the calorific value, viscosity and acid value of chicken fat biodiesel are found to be lower than petro diesel. The diesel engine performance tests confirmed that the biodiesel blends perform similarly to petro diesel. Further to note the Brake horsepower increased with the biodiesel blending percentage. On the other hand, engine power output was found to be decreasing as the biodiesel blending percentage increased. Whereas the specific fuel consumption increased along with the biodiesel blending percentage.

Keywords: chicken fat, biodiesel, transesterification, engine performance

Fig. 49 Production, characterization and diesel engine performance analysis of Chicken Fat Biodiesel (CFB).



Paper No.

66-2017 A REVIEW ON RUBEN’S TUBE AS ACOUSTIC PROPAGATOR

Rashidah Salim, **Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali, Sinin Hamdan, Magdalene Andrew Munot and Abang Mohamad Aizuddin


Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia.

Abstract

In 1905, Ruben’s tube was invented by German physicists called Heinrich Ruben’s and Otto Krigar-Menzel. The tube is closed at one end and the other end is attached with a loudspeaker, then filled with flammable gas. With the help of the Ruben’s tube, the standing waves were represented physically by fire. There are no specific standards in which Ruben’s tube is constructed. At certain resonance frequency, the flame produced visual standing wave which varies in height. It has been used in the teaching of acoustical resonance behavior. This article provide review on Ruben’s tube and its operation, as well as some commentary and drawback for each subtopic. Each of the journals that have similar setup have been reviewed to further explain the phenomena.

Keywords: Ruben’s tube, standing wave behaviors, nodes and antinodes.

Fig. 50 Experiment setup for Ruben’s tube.



Paper No.

68-2017 ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN REMANUFACTURING SYSTEM

**M. Andrew-Munot, A. Yassin, S.T. Syed Shazali, M. Sawawi, S. J. Tanjong and N. Razali

Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

This article presents analysis of uncertain availabilities of customer-stream & third-party stream used-products and used-products mix on the average remanufacturing cycle-time under three different remanufacturing resources. Generally, availabilities of customer-stream and third-party stream used-products affect the average remanufacturing cycle-times; high availabilities of used-products (high quantities) resulted in longer average remanufacturing cycle-time under limited resource. The used-products mix also affects the average remanufacturing cycle-time; a used-product mix with high percentage of customer-stream used-products resulted in longer average remanufacturing cycle-time. The different remanufacturing resources policies also affect the average remanufacturing cycle-time, where a policy with more resources resulted in a significantly shorter average remanufacturing cycle-time.

Keywords: used-products, remanufacturing, production planning, simulation

Fig. 51 Generic conceptual model of a remanufacturing system.

Components reprocessing

Replacement components

Reassembly &

Testing

Remanufactured products

Serviceables Inventory

Scraps

Inspection &

Sorting

Disassembly &

Inspection

Used- Products

Remanufacturables Inventory

Scraps



Fig. 52 Contours of wind velocity through moderately spaced circular buildings. Flow separation regions (in blue) can be visualized, extending downstream from the individual buildings and interacting with adjacent buildings.

Paper No.

69-2017 WIND EFFECT ON HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONFIGURATIONS FOR HAZE REDUCTION

M. T. Jumahadi, **M. R. Saad, A. Che Idris and M. R. A. Rahman

Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur

57000, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Haze incidents have become more severe these days due to rapid urban and industrial development especially considering the harsh Southeast Asia haze events. Wind flow is known to influence the health and comfort of pedestrians and occupants of buildings through the dispersion of air particles including pollutants, thus potentially a useful medium in suppressing haze occurrences. This research targets to demonstrate the influence of high-rise building configuration including shape and spacing, to reduce transboundary haze. Normalized velocity distribution of building planar shapes of squares, triangles and circles are simulated in Solidworks Flow Simulation, compared, and the best shape to reduce haze is further studied for the influence of doubled and tripled spacing. The effectiveness of the wind speed in haze reduction is evaluated through a minimum normalized wind speed as outlined in the Air Ventilation Assessment (AVA) system where lower wind speed is believed to potentially trap haze particles. With the CFD settings optimized and simulated, the circle building shape is observed to be most effective by yielding the smallest region of low-speed wind. Larger spacing allows a larger wind passage through the layout but also carries the drawback of larger stagnant area leeward of each building.

Keywords: Haze, high-rise buildings, wind, simulation.



Paper No.

70-2017

SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY GROWTH GE OXIDE GE(100)

**1S. K. Sahari, 1N.A. Abdul Halim, 1M. Kashif, 2M. Sawawi, 1R. Sapawi, 1K. Kipli and 1N. Junaidi

1) Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

(e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Abstract

The understanding of Ge oxidation is upmost importance in order to form the good quality dielectric/Ge interface in fabricating Ge Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFETs). In addition, the mechanism of Ge oxidation is still under intensive studies. In contrast to Silicon oxidation, Deal and Grove Model has been accepted to explain the Si Oxidation mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to report the mechanism of Ge oxidation at two different temperatures, 375 and 490°C and the detail of Ge oxide composition at Ge oxide/Ge interface. After wet chemical cleaning with HCl, the thermal oxidation was performed at temperature 375 and 490°C at atmospheric pressure. The thickness and composition of Ge oxide were measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. It was observed that the n value extracted from a log-log plot of oxidation time versus oxide thickness was dependent on the oxidation temperature. The oxygen deficient region was formed during thermal oxidation of Ge and the electronic states of suboxide component were observed in the region within 2.3eV above the top valence band. The novelty of this work is to investigate the kinetics oxidation of Ge and evaluate the composition of oxide layer after thermal oxidation that becomes useful information for the development of Ge MOSFETs.

Keywords: Germanium, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, oxidation

Fig. 53 (a) Thermal oxidation at temperature of 375ºC and 490ºC. (b) Ge 3d 5/2 spectra of thermally grown Ge oxide on Ge(100) surface at 375ºC and 490ºC.

(a) (b)



Paper No.

72-2017 INTEGRATED SAFETY AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS LOOP

Muhammad Athar, **Azmi M. Shariff, Azizul Buang and Dzulkarnain Zaini

Center for Advanced Process Safety (CAPS), Chemical Engineering Department,

Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan,


Abstract

Among the process safety strategies, inherent safety is the best option. Inherent safety concept proposed by Kletz has been widely accepted and applied for preliminary design of chemical processes using different guide words. Process optimization along with safety has usually focused on accident costs and never discussed the risk aspect in available literature. Additionally, process optimization has never been discussed with consideration of inherent safety. Simultaneous optimization of risk with inherent safety and process economics can be more impactful in practical process designs. The current simulation tools such as HYSYS does not have risk module for the purpose of optimization. Therefore, an external risk model needs to be coupled with HYSYS to successfully optimize the risk and process economics simultaneously. A new methodology, to cover aforementioned gaps, is presented in this paper. A risk model in MS Excel through VBA coding has been integrated with HYSYS to study the risk and process economics. This scheme has been applied on ammonia synthesis loop. Here, process stream index (PSI) has been used to identify the critical process streams. Next, moderation, an inherent safety guide word is used to improve the safety level of critical streams. Also, process economics is found to be improved as 3.2% less energy would be required without any significant change in ammonia product quantity. This method, because of its simplicity, is new way to deal safety with process aspects as a problem of multi-objective optimization.

Keywords: Inherent safety, Multi-objective, Process streams, Optimization, Risk

Fig. 54 Integrated safety and optimization approach for process piping design.



Paper No.

73-2017 MONITORING KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF FLUORIDE ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY PKS-BASED ANION RESINS

**1M.T. Bashir, 2A. Salmiaton, 2A. Idris and 2R. Harun

1) Department of Civil Engineering Qurtuba University of Science and Information

Technology Dera Ismail Khan (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

Fluoride is important for human health, but high level of fluoride concentrations can be threatening for both humans and animals as well as damaging to the environment. This paper delineates on fluoride adsorption onto palm kernel shell-based anion resins under various fluoride concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium fluoride adsorption capacity demonstrated by the resins was observed 2.32 mg/g. Pseudo-second order model and Weber-Morris diffusion model were employed to evaluate the uptake rate and behavior of fluoride adsorption. The correlation coefficients (R2) between experimental data and pseudo-second order model predictions was almost unity at all concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg/L), indicating goodness of fit of the model. On the other hand, the thermodynamic study revealed the endothermic nature of the process indicated by the positive value of enthalpy change (2.671 kJ/mol). Moreover, the process is dominantly physical in nature along with a slight contribution of chemisorption.

Keywords: Fluoride; Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Palm Kernel Shells

Fig. 55 Fluoride adsorption capacity by PKS-AR at different temperatures

(Contact time: 120 min and PKS-AR dosage: 4g/L).




Paper No.

75-2017 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CLAM SHELL POWDER-FILLED UNSATURATED POLYESTER COMPOSITES

**Mahshuri Yusof, Amalina Muhammad Afifi, Norazzlina M. Sa’don, Shahrol Mohamaddan and Jethro Henry Adam

Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan,

Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

This work investigates effect of inclusion various size of aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on tensile strength and modulus in the unsaturated polyester (UPE). The aragonite CaCO3 powders were ground from Polymesoda bengalensis clam shell. The powder was ground and graded into eight different mean sizes, coated with 1 wt% stearic acid, mixed into unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin. The uncoated and stearic acid-coated samples were categorized according to the filler weight fraction and filler size. Tensile tests were done according to ASTM D638. The infusion of stearic acid-coated with CaCO3 produced higher tensile modulus and tensile strength. Both tensile modulus and strength increased as the filler size decreased and filler content increased. The maximum values of both properties were gained at the highest filler content which was 8wt% by the finest filler size which was 29.84 μm.

Keywords: calcium carbonate, particulate-filled composites, tensile properties, stearic acid

Fig. 56 Tensile modulus of (a) uncoated, and (b) stearic acid-coated aragonite CaCO3/UPE composites at different sizes and filler contents.

Fig. 57 Tensile strength of (a) uncoated, and (b) stearic acid-coated aragonite CaCO3/UPE composites at different sizes and filler contents.



Paper No.

76-2017

Study on Effect of Volume of Gold Chloroauric Acid on Size, Shape and Stability of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Elaeis Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) Leaves Extract

**1Tausif Ahmad, 1M. A. bin Bustam, 1Muhammad Irfan, 1Muhammad Moniruzzaman, 2Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar Asghar and 1Sekhar Bhattacharjee

1) Chemical Engineering Department at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri

Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Punjab University Lahore,

Pakistan (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using aqueous Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) leaves extract without addition of any external agent. Gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Hydrodynamic diameter was found to be reduced from 69± 39.80 nm to 55.22 ± 42.86 nm with an increase in the volume of gold chloroauric acid (1.53 mM) from 1.0 mL to 2.0 mL with fixed volume of oil palm leaves extract (2 mL). Size enlargement was found from 60 ±43.76 nm to 123.5 ±110 nm with further increase in the volume of gold chloroauric acid from 3.0 mL to 5.0 mL keeping the volume of oil palm leaves extract constant respectively. Zeta potential (surface charge) of gold nanoparticles was found to be reduced from -20 ± 6.80 mV to -15 ± 6.15 mV with an increase in the volume of gold chloroauric acid from 1.0 mL to 5.0 mL respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed the formation of well scattered spherical, triangular and nonspherical shaped gold nanoparticles by using 3.0 mL of gold chloroauric acid with 36.84 ± 9.0 nm average particle diameter. FTIR showed role of phenolic, carboxylic and amides functional groups in reduction of gold ions to form gold nanoparticles and their stabilization.

Keywords: Gold Nanoparticles, Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm), Hydrodynamic Diameter.

Fig. 58 Graphical abstract for Paper No. 76-2017.




Paper No.

77-2017

DESIGN AND OPTICAL MODELING OF A LOW PROFILE STATIONARY CONCENTRATING SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR MEDIUM TEMPERATURE HEAT SUPPLY

**1Javed Akhter, 1S. I. Gilani, 2Muzaffar Ali and 3S. Z. A. Gilani

1) Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi, PETRONAS, Malaysia

(e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology

Taxila, Pakistan (e-mail: [email protected]).

3) Department of Physics, Balochistan University of Information Technology,

Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta-Pakistan (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Many concentrating solar collectors are designed and developed to supply solar thermal energy in medium-to high-temperature range. However, all such collectors need very accurate and continuous tracking mechanisms to efficiently collect incident solar energy. Compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) are non-imaging optical devices capable of concentrating incident radiations without the essential need of continuously tracking the source. CPC based solar collectors have great potential to supply solar thermal energy for numerous industrial applications especially operating in the medium temperature range. The choice of a CPC collector design vary depending on various aspects such as nature of intended application, operating temperature range, location and local environmental conditions etc. The present work is related to the design and optical modeling of a low concentration symmetric 2-D CPC collector for medium temperature solar heat supply. Ray tracing technique was used to evaluate the optical performance of double parabolic concentrating (DPC) trough and CPC with V-cavity at bottom by tracing the paths of incident and reflected radiations.

Keywords: Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC), Double parabolic concentrator (DPC), acceptance angle, concentration ratio (CR)

Fig. 59 Construction of new CPC profile.





Paper No.

78-2017 A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PPODM- CNF MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE FOR CO2/CH4 SEPARATION

Murugiah P.S, **Oh P.C. and Lau K.K

Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar

Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is one of the most promising candidate among the available gas separation application for CO2/CH4 separation in natural gas industries. However, the fabrication of a defect-free membrane remains a challenge. For this work, a novel MMM was developed by incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNF) at different loadings into poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-pheneylene oxide) (PPOdm) polymer matrix via dry-phase inversion technique. CNF was purified with hydrogen peroxide prior to membrane fabrication. Approximately 180% increment in the CO2 permeability values were attained at 3 wt% of CNF loading whereas the CO2/CH4 selectivity values were increased by 146% compared to pristine PPOdm polymeric membrane. The smooth wall of CNF coupled with its larger pore diameter has acted as a pathway to enhance the gas permeability values. The as-synthesized MMM at 3 wt% of CNF loadings also exhibits improved morphology in which no major agglomeration of filler particles were found. The TGA and DSC analysis showed that at 3 wt% of CNF loading, the thermal stability and rigidity of the polymer chains were enhanced and higher decomposition temperature (425ºC) and glass transition temperature (210ºC) values were reported.

Keywords: Carbon Nanofiber, Poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1,4-pheneylene oxide), Mixed Matrix Membrane, CO2 Separation.

Fig. 60 Schematic representation of PPOdm-CNF mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation.



Paper No.

79-2017

EFFECT OF PASTE VISCOSITY ON DIRECT-CURRENT RESISTANCE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

1Siti Nur Azella Zaine and **2Norani Muti Mohamed

1) Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.

2) Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti

Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected])

Abstract

The quality of photoelectrode film plays an important role in producing high performing dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). A well deposited film would ensure the stability of photoelectrode material and improve electron transport and recombination. This study aims to evaluate the effect of paste viscosity on the direct-current resistance of the fabricated DSC. Photoelectrode paste of different viscosity was prepared by varying the amount of terpineol as the solvent. Photoelectrode films were then deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate by screen printing method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis was utilized to analyse the direct-current resistance of fabricated DSC integrated with different paste viscosity. Direct-current resistance is found to be reduced with increasing paste viscosity. This is attributed to the increase in electron density which reduces the transport as well as recombination resistance leading to an improvement in the conversion efficiency.

Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cell, photoelectrode material, TiO2 film, paste viscosity, electrochemical impedance

Fig. 61 Cross-section FESEM images of the photoelectrode films printed on FTO substrate using paste with different viscosity of (a) sample 1, (b) sample 2, (c) sample 3 and (d) sample 4.



Paper No.

80-2017

THE EFFECT OF AMINE SUBSTITUENT CHAIN LENGTH ON POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE/POLYSULFONE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE

**Y. C. Bong, P. C. Oh and T. L. Chew

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar

Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan (email: [email protected]).

Abstract

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) of different amine functionalised substituent chain lengths namely Aminopropylisobutyl POSS (AMPOSS-a) and Aminoethylaminopropylisobutyl POSS (AMPOSS-b) were incorporated into Polysulfone (PSf) membrane at 1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% loadings. The effect of amine substituent chain lengths on its compatibility and dispersion properties as well as the crystallinity of the Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Particle agglomerations were observed to increase with the loadings of both fillers although it was more prominent in AMPOSS-b/PSf membranes. This was attributed to the interparticle forces such as van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Distribution of both fillers were concentrated at the upper region of the membranes at 1wt% and 2wt% as part of the consequences of particle and polymer density difference. In contrary, ellipsoidal inclusions and voided morphology appeared to be more prominently in AMPOSS-a MMMs. Distributions of AMPOSS-a in PSf membrane were inherently better than AMPOSS-b in all 3 particle loadings coupled with a gradual increase in particle agglomeration size. The glass transition temperature obtained using DSC showed an overall decrement in membrane crystallinity which were the results of particle loadings, surface chemistry and particle-polymer chain topology.

Keywords: POSS, dispersion, glass transition temperature, substituent chain lengths, agglomeration

Fig. 62 Cross sectional morphology MMMs with (a) 1 wt%, (b) 2 wt%, (c) 3 wt% AMPOSS-a and (d) 1 wt%, (e) 2 wt%, (f) 3 wt% AMPOSS-b.



Paper No.

81-2017

IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CO2 SOLIDIFICATION IN CRYOGENIC CO2 CAPTURE FROM NATURAL GAS

Muhammad Babar, **Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Abulhassan Ali and Abdulhalim Shah Maulud

Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar seri

Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, 32610 Malaysia. (E-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The composition of natural gas strongly depends on the geological conditions and depth of the gas well. Presently, CO2 content in the discovered gas reservoirs is up to 90%. Prior to customer use the amount of CO2 need to be reduced. The present work is an effort to reduce the amount of CO2 in natural gas. One of the processes used for CO2 capture from natural gas is the cryogenic process. Comprehensive knowledge of vapour-liquid, vapour-solid, and solid-liquid equilibria for CO2 is required for designing cryogenic separation processes for CO2 capture from its gaseous mixtures. In this work, four samples of natural gas having CO2 content 40%, 60%, 75% and 90% were selected for simulation through Aspen HYSYS. P-T data and temperature-composition data for CO2-CH4 binary mixtures were predicted using PR EoS for CO2 phase identification and quantification respectively. Simulation for temperature composition phase envelop was carried out for different pressures i.e. 10bar, 20bar, 30bar, and 40bar pressure. The operating region selected from the P-T phase envelop was from 1 to 40 bars. Temperature composition graphs it was concluded that temperature for the maximum CO2 capture for 10, 20, 30, and 40 bar is -95, -90, -75, and -70 °C respectively.

Keywords: Natural gas, Carbon dioxide, cryogenic process, simulation.

Fig. 63 P-T diagram for CO2-CH4 binary mixtures.



Paper No.

82-2017

THE EFFECTS OF AMINE FUNCTIONALIZATION ON ZEOLITE T/6FDA -DURENE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES FOR CO2/CH4 SEPARATION

Norwahyu Jusoh, **Yin Fong Yeong, Kok Keong Lau and Azmi Mohd Shariff

Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar

Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

In the present research, zeolite T and amine-functionalized zeolite T were incorporated into 6FDA-durene polyimide phase for the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between zeolite and polymer phases in MMM embedded with amine-functionalized zeolite T is trivial as compared to the unfunctionalized zeolite T/6FDA-durene MMM. From the permeation test, CO2 permeability of 858 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity up to 22.5 was achieved using MMM containing amine-functionalized zeolite T, while MMM embedded with unfunctionalized zeolite T/6FDA-durene MMM showed CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 844 Barrer and 19.1, respectively.

Keywords: Amine-functionalized zeolite T, 6FDA-durene, Mixed matrix membrane, CO2/CH4 separation

Fig. 64 Graphical abstract for Paper No. 82-2017.



Paper No.

84-2017

EFFECT OF INTERPHASE REGION AND NEIGHBORING PARTICLES ON ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY WITHIN NANOCOMPOSITE SYSTEMS

**M. R. M. Sharip, D. N. A. Zaidel, M. H. I. Saad, A. S. Abdullah, N. I. Hashim and A. K. Rahman

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Recent works show that the presence of the interphase surrounding nanoparticles can improve the dielectric properties of nanocomposites. Also, neighboring particles in the nanocomposites affect the electric field distribution. Therefore, the objective of this paper to model and analyze the effect of one-dimensional (1D) nanofillers towards the electric field distribution when the interphase and neighboring particles are taken into account inside the nanocomposite system. By using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) 4.2 software, a model of nanocomposites system consists of polymer matrix, nanoparticle filler with interphase and neighboring particles is modeled under the electrostatic problem module. Electric field intensity is observed with different distance between adjacent nanoparticles and interphase region permittivity values. The result obtained show that the presence of the interphase with various permittivity value will result in distorted electric field intensity surrounding a nanoparticle. Furthermore, the electric field intensity also affected when adjacent nanoparticles displaced between each other within nanocomposites.

Keywords: electric field intensity, interphase, nanocomposites, neighboring particles, permittivity.

Fig. 65 Effect of (a) nanoparticle (with separated 180 nm apart) on the (b) plots of the electric field intensity along the line AB from the origin.

Fig. 66 Effect of (a) nanoparticle (with separated 100 nm apart) on the (b) plots of the electric field intensity along the line AB from the origin.



Paper No.

85-2017 PREPARATION OF MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE USING CELLULOSE ACETATE INCORPORATED WITH SYNTHESIZED KIT-6 SILICA

S. H. Ding, **T. L. Chew, P. C. Oh and A. L. Ahmad

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar

Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

There is increasing interest among researchers to develop Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs), by incorporating fillers in polymer membranes. However, these membranes always suffer from a trade-off between permeability and selectivity as proven by Robeson in upper bound curves developed in gas separation applications. In current project, mesoporous silica, KIT-6 was synthesized and followed by incorporation of KIT-6 as filler into cellulose acetate (CA) matrix to form MMMs. The fabrications of MMMs were done by using dry phase inversion method. The KIT-6 loadings in the MMMs were varied from 2 to 10 wt%. The properties of KIT-6 and membranes were characterized with Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of KIT-6 loadings on the properties of the formed MMMs was investigated. XRD and FTIR results suggested that KIT-6 mesoporous silica is successfully synthesized. The successful incorporation of silica particles into CA polymer matrix is confirmed by FTIR spectrum while MMMs images from SEM suggested that KIT-6 silica powder could embed well with CA polymer matrix.

Keywords: KIT-6, CA, Mixed matrix membrane, dry phase inversion

Fig. 67 Flow chart of overall activities.



Paper No.

86-2017 MULTI-HOLES CONFIGURATIONS OF WOVEN FABRIC KENAF COMPOSITE PLATES: EXPERIMENTAL WORKS AND 2-D MODELLING

**Khairi Supar and Hilton Ahmad

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,

86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

A study on structures response in multi-holes plates is important to understand the effect of neighboring hole on stress concentration as subjected to tensile loading prior to bearing stress in multi-bolted joints. Current work implemented experimental framework on staggered and non-staggered multi-holes configurations to include various lay-up types, plate thickness and hole configurations as specified in the testing series. Experimental observations found that all configurations failed in net-section path suggesting that fracture initiates and propagates from the notch tip perpendicular to loading direction in self-similar fashion through the plate thickness. Non-staggered hole configurations produce larger net-sectional strength compared to staggered counterparts due to more congested holes in staggered configurations. Two-dimensional XFEM modelling framework was carried out in all configurations investigated by sufficient meshing refinements, damage stabilization value and boundary conditions. A physically-based constitutive model from traction-separation relationship was applied and independently measured material properties and in-plane elastic properties were implemented in current work. Strength prediction work showed that good agreement was found in all testing series and showed discrepancy less than 15%, best prediction were found in PX4 lay-up and staggered multi-holes configurations series.

Keywords: Natural fibers, notched plate, multi-holes, mechanical testing, XFEM

Fig. 68 All testing series tested.



Paper No.

87-2017

IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK (SPF) IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES TO AVOID DISASTERS

1Muhammad Yasir Shamim, **1Azizul Buang, 1Azmi Mohd Shariff and 2Hirra Anjum

1) Centre of Advanced Process Safety (CAPS), Department of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan,

Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology

(UET), Lahore, Pakistan.

Abstract

Process industry is facing challenges to achieve improvements in safety performance since process accidents continue to occur. When accidents occur, they usually have the influence of multiple factors, suggesting that there are some underlying systemic problems. Moreover, reports of past major process disasters reveal that accidents are preventable and that many of the problems are known prior to the accidents in the shape of near-misses. The key element to improving safety performance is to analyze the performance indicators i.e. leading and lagging in order to avoid process disasters. In past, the focus has only been given to the implementation of 14 elements of Process Safety Management (PSM) of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for effective safety system but ignored the insight performance of indicators for each element of PSM. The technique which has been used in this paper is a structured framework known as Safety Performance Framework (SPF), incorporates four steps to ensure the proper implementation of PSM. The identification of leading and lagging indicators for each PSM element is an integral part of this SPF and it is the real key to success. This technique has been applied to the case study of BP Texas City refinery explosion where it has disclosed the insights of safety performance failure. Therefore, SPF has been shown as a helpful tool to implement PSM in process industries to avoid disasters.

Keywords: process safety management, process industry, performance indicators, safety performance framework

Fig. 69 Safety Performance Framework (SPF) for PSM implementation.




Paper No.

88-2017 SYNTHESIS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYIMIDE CONSISTING HEXAFLUOROISOPROPYLIDENE MOIETY FOR GAS SEPARATION

N. A. Mokri, **P. C. Oh, H. Mukhtar and T. L. Chew

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar

Seri Iskandar (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

In this work, high molecular weight heterocyclic aromatic polyimide consisting hexafluoroisopropylidene moiety in both diamine and dianhydride fragments was synthesized. The synthesis was performed via two-step polycondensation route, which involved polyamic acid formation and chemical imidization. Subsequently, physical purification technique was conducted by re-crystallization to obtain oligomers free-high molecular weight polymer. Selection of high purity and suitable solvent, type of amine catalyst, precipitation medium and reaction temperature were considered to favor the formation of high molecular weight polyimide. The synthesized polyimide was characterized by ATR-FTIR, which confirmed the presence of significant imide bands denoting the formation of imide linkage. Further confirmation of polyimide molecular structure was accomplished using 13C and 1H NMR. It was found that polyimide with high molecular weight (4500 KDa) was obtained with a polydispersity index of 1.48.

Keywords: Fluorinated polyimide, chemical imidization, hexafluoroisopropylidene, gas separation.

Fig. 70 (a) Isoimide conversion to imide after heat treatment, (b) FTIR spectra of polyimide (6FDA-6FpDA).



Paper No.

89-2017

GRAPHENE OXIDE AS AN EFFICIENT PHOTOCATALYST PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF CO2 INTO SOLAR FUEL

1Nasir Shehzad, 1Thanabalan Murugesan, **1Khairiraihanna Johari and 2Muhammad Tahir

1) Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Bandar

Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310

UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into solar fuel such as methane and methanol, is an attractive approach to simultaneously solve the energy crisis and global warming problem. Graphene oxide was prepared by acid oxidation of graphite flakes via Tour’s method. Chemical composition and optical response of photocatalyst was evaluated through XPS and UV-vis spectroscopy. Herein, comparative activity of graphene oxide nanosheets have been investigated for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into methane and methanol in gas and liquid phase photoreactor system. Photocatalytic activity of graphene oxide was tested in continuous gas phase and liquid phase CO2 reduction system using UV light. Graphene oxide nanosheets exhibited maximum amount of 224.87 μmol/g.h methanol and 14.8 μmol/g.h methane in liquid and gas phase system, respectively. Results show that graphene oxide nanosheets are efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol as compared to methane.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Graphene oxide, Methane, Methanol

Fig. 71 Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in gas phase (A) and liquid phase (B).




Paper No.

90-2017

ANALYSIS OF GATE POLY DELAYERING IN SOI WAFER

1Handie Ahmataku, **2Shahrol Mohamaddan, 1Emilda Warren, 2Mahshuri Yusuf, 2Aidil Azli Alias, 3Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas, 4Kuryati Kipli and 2Mohamad Syazwan Zafwan Mohamad Suffian

1) X-FAB Sarawak Sdn. Bhd., 1 Silicon Drive, Samajaya Free Industrial Zone, 93350

Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti

Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

3) Department of Chemical and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering,

UNIMAS, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

4) Department of Electrical and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, UNIMAS, 94300

Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The advantages of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology are reduced parasitic device capacitance, improved performance as well as smaller build area. Despite the gains of SOI technology to manufacturers, new challenges arise in Physical Failure Analysis (PFA). The process of delayering polysilicon or active layer becomes impossible without harming the top silicon. This study discussed the challenges of the current fastest, reliable and reproducible method to delayer polysilicon and divulge active layer. Current delayering method using 49% Hydrofluoric (HF) concentration and SC1 solution is proven to be a faster way to reveal polysilicon layer for Bulk Commentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (Bulk CMOS). Thus, this method was tested on SOI Wafer to analyze the effect. The experiment was conducted by selecting small, thin and dense gate polysilicon such as in Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cells. The result shows that high concentration of HF is not suitable for SOI since HF will etch Interlayer Dielectric (ILD) all the way down to Buried Oxide (BOX) and leave top silicon unattached. As a result, top silicon structure was peeled off or damaged. The result was not promising since the top silicon is crucial part as it holds information to discover physical cause of failure.

Keywords: SOI, Top silicon, Physical failure analysis, Bulk CMOS

Fig. 72 (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and (b) Optical image of top silicon edge cracks due to over-etched DTI trench.






Paper No.

91-2017

DESIGN, FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF A NEW KEROPOK KEPING DRYING MACHINE

1M.N. Leman, **2S. Mohamaddan, 2M.S.Z. Mohamad Suffian, 2A.M. Aizuddin, 2A.S. Zainal Abidin, 2A.M.N. Abg Kamarudin, 3N. Junaidi and 3N.A.A. Mohtadzar

1) Institut Latihan Perindustrian (ILP), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

2) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti

Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

3) Department of Electrical and Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, UNIMAS, 94300

Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Abstract

A new keropok keping drying machine was designed and fabricated in this research. It consists of six main parts namely drying chamber, moving tray, transmission system, heating element, cooling fan and control system. No-load testing with two level of air velocity (1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s) were experimented to the machine. The testing was conducted to determine the maximum temperature, the lowest air humidity and the air velocity above the tray inside the drying chamber. The result shows that the maximum temperature that can be reached in the chamber is around 40 ºC. The higher air velocity blown inside the drying chamber caused the lower temperature of the drying air. The lowest humidity in the chamber recorded was around 47.6 %. The air velocity above the tray was recorded highest when the tray rotates nearly to the air inlet with the angle of tray rotation is 135º. The recorded velocities were 0.32 m/s and 0.38 m/s for air inlet 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s respectively. At this position, the heat and mass transfer occurred to the keropok slices are higher compared with other positions. The machine is expected to support the drying process in the keropok keping industries.

Keywords: Keropok keping, Drying machine, Control system

Fig. 73 (a) Keropok keping drying machine (b) PLC wiring.




Paper No.

92-2017

IMPROVEMENT OF THE BANDWIDTH AND SCATTERING PARAMETER PERFORMANCES OF 5G BRANCH-LINE COUPLER DESIGN FOR USE IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS)

1**Dyg Norkhairunnisa 1Abang Zaidel, 1Melvin Philip Attan, 1Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Sharip, 1Dyg Azra Awang Mat, 1Ade Syaheda Wani Marzuki, 2Norhudah Seman and 3Yi Lung Then

1) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia.

3) Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of

Technology (Sarawak Campus), 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Abstract

This paper presents a design of 5G branch-line coupler that operates at 10 GHz frequency range. The proposed coupler is implemented with four stubs and two slots to improve the performance including the scattering parameter and the bandwidth. Advanced Design System (ADS) software is used in developing the design and to perform the simulation stage. The proposed 5G coupler with stub and slot technique enhances the bandwidth up to 60% as compared to the one proposed earlier in the literature. Additionally, the simulation results show that the scattering parameter and phase differences have also improved. The proposed design is suitable to be used later in Butler Matrix for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) application.

Keywords: 5G technology, branch-line coupler, stub technique, wideband.

(a) (b)

Fig. 74 The proposed design of 5G coupler from (a) top view, and (b) bottom view.




Paper No.

93-2017

IMPACT OF COVER/BAR DIAMETER RATIO TO THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER DUE TO CORROSION

**Hamidun Mohd Noh and Nur’Ain Idris

Department of Construction Management, Faculty of Technology Management and

Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor,


Abstract

Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete is one of the main issues among construction stakeholders. The main consequences of steel corrosion include loss of cross section of steel area, generation of expansive pressure which caused cracking of concrete, spalling and delaminating of the concrete cover. Thus, it reduces the bond strength between the steel reinforcing bar and concrete, and deteriorating the strength of the structure. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of c/d ratio to the structural performance of reinforced concrete member due to

corrosion. A series of reinforced concrete cylinder of ϕ100mm x 200mm, ϕ150mm x 300mm and

ϕ200mm x 400mm with c/d ratio of 2.13, 3.45 and 4.76 was modelled consisting of 19mm diameter of reinforcement bar at the center of the cylinder. Corrosion rate of 0%, 5% and 10% of rebar corrosion is used in parametric study to assess the influence of different level of corrosion rate to the structural performance. As a result, a positive linear relationship was sketched between the increase of expansive pressure and the corrosion rate for each c/d ratio. Meanwhile, the expansive pressure is inversely proportional to the c/d ratio due to the deflection effect in the larger concrete cover is smaller compared to the lower c/d ratio which is more severe. Furthermore, the analysis shows that there is a significant effect on the failure pressure for each c/d ratio as the failure pressure of lower c/d ratio increase proportionally with the increase of c/d ratio. This study could predict the structural deterioration by numerical analysis using the c/d ratio. Hence, the findings provide a good input in designing a structure which take into account the c/d ratio and also the corrosion level of the structure.

Keywords: c/d ratio, expansive pressure, corrosion rate, structural performance

Fig. 75 Concrete cylinder cross-section.



Paper No.

94-2017 THE USE OF MFA AND LCA IN THE AGRICULTURE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN KUALA TERENGGANU

**1Latifah Abdul Ghani, 2Noor Zalina Mahmood and 3Nora’aini Ali

1) School of Social Development and Economics, University Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Terengganu, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 51030 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (e-mail:

[email protected]).

3) School of Ocean Engineering, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu,


Abstract

Agricultural waste management, as practiced by the vast majority of farmers and farm owners in agricultural areas in the district of Kuala Terengganu, involves four process scenarios, namely S1: On farm burial, S2: On-farm burning, S3: Landfill and S4: Recycled. However, the disposal of agricultural waste has produced an environmental impact on the ecosystem in different ways. The aim of this study is to compare the potential environmental damage incurred from the disposal of agricultural waste in the four scenarios above. Data collection was conducted in ten farms located in Kuala Terengganu. The research includes the analysis of agricultural waste, the analysis of crop residue characteristics, and the analysis of potential contamination using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach that utilizes the Simapro software. The results showed that the scenarios S3 and S1 have resulted in a value credit for the destruction of the environment, compared to the debit value of both S2 and S4. In this study, Material Flow Analysis- Life Cycle Assessment model of integration, with Integration of Material Flow Analysis-Life Cycle Assessment, has been developed and tested based on real data to confirm their validity as a valuable tool for assessing the environmental conditions for agricultural waste management system in the study region.

Keywords: Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Agriculture Waste, Terengganu

Fig. 76 MFA and LCA integrated flow chart for agriculture wastes in Kuala Terengganu.




Paper No.

95-2017 DESIGN OF CMOS POWER AMPLIFIER WITH RESISTIVE FEEDBACK AND NOTCH FILTER FOR UWB SYSTEMS

D.S.A.A. Yusuf, **R. Sapawi, S.M.W. Masra, S.K. Sahari, M. Sawawi, D.A.A. Mat, A.S.W Marzuki

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

A CMOS power amplifier (PA) with the implementation of the notch filter designed for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems is presented in this paper. The design is consisted of two stages of amplifier involving source follower and common source topologies with a notch filter and an output matching network. Such design is meant for full band UWB applications that utilize the frequency range within 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with the elimination at 5-6 GHz using 0.1 μm CMOS process. The simulation shows that the proposed PA design achieved 19.25 dB maximum gain with 1.8 V power supply. In this work, the achieved input and output return loss ranging from -8.13 dB to -19.19 dB, and -1.68 dB to -16.03 dB, respectively, through full band frequency.

Keywords: Power Amplifier (PA), Ultra-wideband (UWB), Notch Filter, Radio Frequency (RF)

Fig. 77 Proposed UWB PA with notch filter.



Paper No.

97-2017

ENHANCED GASES SEPARATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE (CA) MEMBRANE USING N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE AS FABRICATION SOLVENT

Muhammad Mubashir, **Yeong Yin Fong, Chew Thiam Leng, Lau Kok Keong.

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Among the various polyimides, cellulose acetate (CA) is the current industrial standard type of membrane for removal of CO2 from N2 and CH4. However, CA membrane demonstrated relatively low CO2 permeability and low CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pair selectivities. Besides, fabrication of CA membrane with minimum defects is difficult and it depends on the solvent chosen for the fabrication. Although, there were few studies reported on the fabrication of cellulose acetate (CA) membrane using various solvents; the fabrication of CA membrane using methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is scarcely reported in the literature and detailed study is needed. Thus, in the present work, CA membrane was fabricated using NMP solvent. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) have verified the structure, morphology and bond vibration of the resultant membrane, respectively. The resultant CA membrane showed CO2 permeability, CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 ideal selectivities of 15.56 Barrer, 10.71 and 8.80, respectively. The performance of the resultant membrane was found higher compared to those results reported in the literature for CA membrane fabricated using other solvents.

Keywords: Cellulose acetate (CA), Membrane, Fabrication, Gases separation, CO2.

Fig. 78 Single gas permeation results of CA membrane at feed pressure of 3 bar and

temperature of 25 ºC.



Paper No.

101-2017

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS FOR PREDICTING DRAG COEFFICIENT IN FLEXIBLE VEGETATED CHANNELS

**1,2Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, 1Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, 1Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, 3Nor Azazi Zakaria and 3Aminuddin Ab. Ghani

1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas,

Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia.

2) Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello

University, Zaria, Nigeria (e-mail: [email protected]).

3) River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Center (REDAC), Universiti Sains

Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract

Previously numerous equations were developed using conventional methods to estimate vegetal drag coefficient by treating submerged and emergent vegetation independently, there is need to derive a generalized relationship that can be applied irrespective of the vegetation submergence with respect to flow depth. In this regard, the present study uses artificial neural network (ANN) as an advance tool for prediction of drag coefficient in a flexible vegetated channels. The training and testing patterns of the proposed ANN model were based on experimental results from the field and laboratory studies that combined both the submerged and emergent grass. A functional relation based on flow parameters and vegetation properties was derived through the use of dimensional analysis. The ANN model developed herein showed significantly better results in several model performance criteria when applied for verification.

Keywords: Drag coefficient, Flexible vegetated channels, Dimensional analysis, Artificial Neural Network

Fig. 79 Flow through the grassed swale.




Paper No.

102-2017 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF AN ADVANCED FLOOD CAUTIONARY SIGN FOR VEHICLES SAFETY AT LOW LYING AREAS

**Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, Zahiraniza Mustaffa, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Mohd Zaid Zainuddin, Meor Asniwan Mew Ghazali and Mohamad Idris Mokhtar

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The stability of vehicles exposed to flood flow on streets is of major concern in floodplain management. The vehicles usually become unstable by becoming buoyant or lose traction under the influence of drag force. It has been stated that majority of fatalities during flood occurs inside vehicle. Since this study merely focuses on the low-lying flood prone areas, therefore it is believed that the manual flood cautionary sign boards provided at those locations are obsolete and does not provide adequate information. Moreover, the warning signs are not precise enough to specify which low water crossings will be affected. Therefore, this study proposes an advance flood cautionary device called “Smart Flood Alarm Indicator - SFAI”, specifically for the low water crossings along the roads. The invention is expected to reduce the vehicle related fatalities during floods which can alert the drivers in advance prior to entering the floodwater. Furthermore, its functionality will be based on the instability points and threshold functions for different prototypes (passenger vehicles) proposed by several authors under the partially submerged conditions in terms of depth x velocity (D.V) limits.

Keywords: Flood, safety, low water crossings, smart indicator, vehicles

Fig. 80 Smart Flood Alarm Indicator (SFAI).



Paper No.

103-2017 DEVELOPMENT OF A CUTTING EDGE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF END MILL TOOL BY USING INFRARED RADIATION TECHNIQUE

Mohammad Ashaari Kiprawi, **Abdullah Yassin, Syed Tarmizi Syed Shazali, M. Shahidul Islam, Mohd Azrin Mohd Said


Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. (e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

Latest technology of pyrometer is developed and applied to the milling machine. This pyrometer use coupled photocell sensor, Indium Arsenide (InAs) and Indium Antimonide (InSb) to a detect wide range of infrared wavelength. During end milling process, the tip of optical fiber is pointed at cutting edge of the tool which is at an angle of 1800 from initial contact of feed cut. The infrared radiation exists at the cutting edge once the machining process begins. The infrared radiation is travelled through an optical fiber and detected by the photocells. A cutting temperature profile of the carbide insert mill tool is produced and measured from the digital oscilloscope.

Keywords: Pyrometer, Photocells, End milling, Infrared radiation, Cutting temperature.

Fig. 81 Experimental setup of cutting edge temperature and cutting force measurement.



Paper No.

106-2017 INTEGRATING STUDENT CLASS ATTENDANCE INTO UNIVERSITY INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SEAMLESS MONITORING APPROACH

**1Rosmaini Tasmin, 2Azamuddin Rasidi, 2Shahril Nazim Mohd Salleh 3Mohd Saufi Che Rusuli

1) Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn


2) Information Technology Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

3) Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.

Abstract

Though e-learning and virtual education have gained stronger ground, yet university classes become more physically meaningful with people interactions via students attending into lecturing physical venues. Conventionally, lecturers have to gather class student attendance via paper class attendance sheet. This approach may be subjugated to misuse of students signing attendance on behalf of others, due to its manual approach. As such, there is a need for university to develop an electronic database system, complemented with a student card reader attached to lecturer’s notebook, to capture class student attendance automatically and in more streamlined manner. Methodologically, the system is developed by two lecturers, a system analyst and a programmer for about two years, with funding seed by the university. Upon system development completion, it has been tested on 106 students for two consecutive semesters. It combines the existing student database, with the total campus information system (TCIS), the university intranet, a newly developed interfacing software and embedded card reader. The main objective of the research project is to automate means of capturing students’ attendance, using existing university infrastructures, based on paperless concept. There is university academic guideline requirement that students must attend at least 80% of class time hours. As such an electronic and automated system is developed, namely SASAR (Student Attendance SmArt Reader) system. The SASAR software could automatically assist administrator and lecturer, in issuing warning letters, prior to finally barring frequently absentees from taking final exam. Since introduction of the SASAR system, compliance to class attendance has been found to be positively significant, students becoming more alert on their attendances and rate of attendance has been pushed to high level of 96%. The university top management has decided that the SASAR system to be implemented across all teaching faculties in two campuses due to its seamless approach, relatively low cost and compatibility with existing technology.

Keywords: University information system, Contactless card reader, Student attendance, Monitoring approach




Fig. 82 Overall SASAR system architecture.



Paper No.

107-2017 EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME AND SOLID RETENTION TIME OF POME ON COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY

**M. S. Islam, R. Baini, S. J. Tanjong, M. A. M. Said and J. J. Eugene

Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan,

Sarawak, Malaysia (phone: +6082 583 282; fax: +6082 583 410; e-mail:

[email protected]).

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Solid Retention Time (SRT) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using the anaerobic digestion treatment approach. An anaerobic bioreactor was used in this study. HRT was operated for 6, 8 10, 12 and 15 days. Meanwhile, SRT was operated for 10, 15 and 20 days. The anaerobic bioreactor was operated for 30 days. Water sample was collected from the anaerobic reactor to test for its COD level. It was found that the optimum HRT was at 12 days giving the COD removal rate and concentration of 40.4% and 30,400 mg/L, respectively. The optimum SRT on COD removal from POME was at 20 days. The COD of effluent was 33,630 mg/L giving a removal rate of 34.1%. Treatment of POME using an anaerobic bioreactor is potentially an effective approach in achieving the satisfactory level of COD removal. Furthermore, this approach has proven to be capable because it is cost effective, assists in reducing the adverse effects of POME to the environment, minimizes the amount of sludge produced and is capable of recovering renewable energy in the form of methane gas.

Keywords: Hydraulic retention, Solid retention, COD removal, Palm oil mill effluent, Anaerobic bioreactor

Fig. 83 Diagram of the constructed bioreactor.




Paper No.

108-2017 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SCATTERING OF A HIGH SPEED MOVING SOURCE AND ITS APPLICATION

**1Shafrida Sahrani, 1Nor Shafrillah Isa, 1Kismet Anak Hong Ping, 2Tatsuya Akata and 2Michiko Kuroda

1) Applied Electromagnetics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti

Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Tokyo University of Technology, Japan.

Abstract

This paper presents the electromagnetic (EM) field scattering of a high speed moving source and a moving target by using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) with Overset Grid Generation (OGG) method. The analysis is conducted for 750MHz band at the street intersection with OpenMP parallel processing technique. The performance of this proposed method is verified with theoretical results. The simulation results have shown comparatively good agreement in moving and stationary case. The proposed simulation study is of great importance to ground transportation in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications.

Keywords: Overlapped grid, direct scattering, Doppler effect, moving source, Intelligent Transportation System

Fig. 84 Doppler effect from observation point B, C and P.




Paper No.

109-2017 Hydrocarbon-Selective Catalytic Reduction as Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Reduction: Review

**1Sherra Bellina Barrabas, 1Rubiyah Baini, 2Norsuzailina Mohamed Sutan and 1Ibrahim Yakub

1) Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Universiti Malaysia

Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak (e-mail: [email protected]).

2) Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak.

Abstract

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission into the ambience from many critical sources namely engine combustion hands out an exceptional threat to global health; at least 25-μg/m3 of mean standard deviation annual individual exposure could cause asthma symptoms, bronchial hyper reactivity (Brunst et al., 2015). The uncontrolled emissions of NOx over several decades from stationary sources and vehicles have been continuously alleviated by a number of strategies and legislation. NOx removal gases emission technologies have been developed worldwide to improve the deteriorating air quality. Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction (HC-SCR) has been a promising method to be an alternative approach for reduction of NOx emissions because it consumes inherent hydrocarbon and is operated at low temperature. This review paper reviews the findings of the potential of selective catalytic reduction activity towards NOx reduction along with the factors that influence the efficiency of catalysts performance.

Keywords: NOx gases emissions, Control Strategies, HC-SCR, Catalyst, Bimetallic

Fig. 85 Three HC-SCR functions turn over at the same temperature (THC=TNO). The hydrocarbon competitive total oxidation effect and oxygenates (dotted lines), which are coupled kinetically with two cycles in F3 (black lines) (A. Łamacz et al., 2013).

Reference: A. Łamacz, A. Krztoń, and G. Djéga-Mariadassou, “Study on the selective catalytic reduction of NO with toluene over CuO/CeZrO2. A confirmation for the three-function model of HC-SCR using the temperature programmed methods and in situ DRIFTS,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 142–143, no. 2, pp. 268–277, 2013.




Paper No.

113-2017

WATER TREE SIMULATION ON UNDERGROUND POLYMERIC CABLE USING FINITE USING FINITE METHOD

1Muhatifah Mohd Salleh, 2Mohd Hafiez Izzwan Saad, **2Yanuar Z. Arief and 3Nor Asiah Muhamad

1) Institute of High Voltage & High Current, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

2) Department of Electrical and Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia

Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

3) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Most insulation failures in polymeric underground cables have been caused by the formation of water tree in the polyethylene insulation that leads to electrical tree. Electric field intensity is fundamental to water tree growth, hence studying and modeling water tree in a cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation is vital as insulation failure is frequently triggered by water tree. The aim of this study is to determine the electric field intensity and to identify the electric potential distribution in XLPE insulation used in the underground medium voltage cable which are affected by water tree. Finite Element Method is used to perform the simulation works. The Electrostatic numerical models of 11kV single core XLPE cable affected by the variations of water tree models and size of water tree are analyzed. The two types of water tree, vented tree and bow-tie tree are modeled in the simulation and the properties of the models were set by the experimental value found in the literatures. The simulation results revealed that regardless of water tree type, size, length, shape, dimension or location, water tree contributes to higher electric field at the affected region and thus reduces the dielectric strength of cable insulation. Nevertheless, the relative permittivity, shape, length and location of water tree induce a significant variation of electric field intensity in the insulation. The electric field is found to be more intensified at the region where water tree is closer to the conductor. Therefore, electrical tree is more likely generated from the vented water tree initiated from the outer surface of the insulation that grows towards the conductor rather than the other types of water tree.

Keywords: Water tree, Finite element method, Underground cable, Medium voltage, XLPE insulation.

Fig. 86 Surface plot for electric field distribution of single ellipsoidal type of water tree using

finite element method.




Paper No.

114-2017

HIGH VOLTAGE STRESS DISTRIBUTION PHENOMENA ON LIQUID AND SOLID INSULATION MATERIAL USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

**1Yanuar Z. Arief, 3Nor Asiah Muhamad , 1Mohd Hafiez Izzwan Saad, 2Syazwan Nazri, 2Siti Nur Anina Othman and 2Mohd Fikri Hilmi Mohd Taib

1) Department of Electrical and Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia

Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail:

[email protected]).

2) Institute of High Voltage & High Current, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

3) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Electric field stress has been a major problem in high voltage phenomena that can lead to electrical degradation and thermal losses. Recent research found that with the development of existing liquid insulator (mineral oil, vegetative-based oils) and solid insulator (epoxy) will enhance the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of high voltage insulation. This study investigates the properties of the electric field distribution, electrical potential and heat flow across the liquid insulating material (mineral oil, coconut oil, palm fatty acid ester oil and FR3) and solid insulating material (cross-linked polyethylene/XLPE, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and epoxy using finite element method (FEM). The aim of this study is to get a better understanding on the electric field distribution including heat transfer under high voltage stress for research purposes. The study was carried out using liquid test cell (according to IEC 60897) and solid test cell (according to CIGRE Method II). The result from this study will give a better understanding to interpret the phenomenon of electric field distribution, electrical potential and heat flow as the increase of the electrical stress.

Keywords: High voltage stress, Electric field distribution, Finite element method, Liquid insulation material, Solid insulation material.

Fig. 87 Simulation result of electric potential distribution lines of mineral oil inside test cell using finite element method.




Paper No.

115-2017 STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN CEMENT STABILIZED SERIAN SOIL

**S.N.L. Taib, S. Striprabu, F. Ahmad, K.C.Y. Foo and L.S.B. Khor

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak,

94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the strength development of cement stabilized Serian soil at varying moisture content. The soil sample was mixed with 10 % of cement by dry weight of soil and added with different percentage of water to replicate field site conditions. The water content used were the lower limit of Optimum Moisture Content (0.7 OMC), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), and an upper limit of Optimum Moisture Content (1.27 OMC) which were 19.5%, 28%, and 35.5% respectively. Compaction test performed on the natural and cement stabilized soil. The Atterberg limits also were performed for natural soil and cement stabilized the soil. The Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) was conducted to examine the effect of compressive strength. Consolidated Isotropic Undrained (CIU) Triaxial test with various confining pressures was conducted for cement stabilized soil. The Atterberg limits improved for stabilized soil compared to natural soil. The cement stabilized soil mixed 1.27 OMC achieved highest compressive strength and exhibit higher deviator stress from Triaxial test and followed with mixed at OMC and finally at 0.7 OMC. From Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation, cement stabilized soil had better inter-cluster cementation bonding and reduced pore spaces.

Keywords: Cement, Clay, Stabilization, Triaxial, and Unconfined Compression Strength.

Fig. 88 SEM image for cement stabilized soil mixed with 1.27 OMC.


INDEX

3-axis, 24 acoustic, 40 additive, 8 agglomeration, 52, 54 agriculture, 67 algorithm, 2, 7, 23 aluminum, 11 anaerobic, 75 antenna, 38 arching, 14 Arduino Uno, 24 Areca catechu, 19 artificial neural network, 23, 70 ash, 39 assessment, 4, 5, 13 attendance, 73 automation, 24, 34 back-propagation, 23 banana, 16 bandpass, 37 Betel nut, 19 Bimetallic, 77 biodiesel, 33, 42 bioreactor, 75 branch-line coupler, 65 Brittleness Index, 28 broadside, 37 bubble, 2, 9 building, 3, 35, 45 calcium carbonate, 49 carbon dioxide, 55, 62 card reader, 73 Cartesian Genetic Programming, 7 catalyst, 10, 33, 42, 61, 77 cellulose acetate, 69 cement, 8, 17, 39, 80 CFD, 45 chemical, 5, 11, 46, 47, 61, 75 clay, 18, 27, 80 Climate, 31 clinker, 18, 39 clustering, 7 CMOS, 63, 68 coal, 39 coefficient, 19 communication, 3, 32 compensator, 30 composite, 12, 16, 20, 24 Compression, 80

concentration, 11, 20, 33, 36, 42, 51, 59, 63, 75

concrete, 6, 8, 66 consolidation, 18, 27, 39 consolidation rate, 18 contactless, 73 control system, 64 controller, 30, 34 corrosion, 66 corrugation, 38 coupling, 37 cryoconcentration, 36 cryogenic, 55 crystallizer, 36 current, 3, 5, 22, 31, 38, 47, 53, 58, 59, 63, 69 decomposition, 10 design, 3, 30, 65 dielectric, 38, 46, 57, 78 dimensional analysis, 70 director, 38 dispersion, 45, 54 dissimilar, 13 dissipation, 41 distributed space-time coding, 32 distribution, 2, 4, 16, 38, 45, 57, 78, 79 Doppler effect, 76 double differential detection, 32 drag coefficient, 70 dredge, 15, 17, 18 dredged, 6, 15, 17, 18, 39 dredged clay, 18 dust, 6, 11 dye-sensitized, 53 dynamics, 3 ecotoxicity, 5 effluent, 75 Elaeis guineensis, 50 electric field intensity, 57, 78 electrical, 22, 26, 78, 79 electrochemical, 53 elevation, 4 emission, 56, 77 energy, 2, 11, 12, 21, 23, 26, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42,

47, 51, 54, 62, 63, 75, 77 engine, 42, 77 Escherichia coli, 5, 15 Evaporation, 31 evolutionary based classifier, 7 explosion, 11, 60


fabrication, 69 failure analysis, 63 fiber, 16, 72 fibre, 20 field synergy, 41 filament, 24 filter, 37, 68 flexural, 20 flood, 71 fluidization, 2 Fluoride, 48 fluorinated polyimide, 61 flux, 12 framework, 59, 60 freeze, 36 frequency, 30, 32, 37, 38, 43, 65, 68 gain, 3, 38, 68 games, 1 gauge, 16 geospatial, 4 germanium, 46 glass, 22, 52, 53, 54 gold, 50 granular, 18 granular materials, 18 graphene oxide, 22, 62 green, 35, 39 grey, 13 grey relational analysis, 13 grid, 2, 21, 76 haze, 45 heat, 19, 35, 36, 41, 51, 64, 79 heterogeneity, 2 heterogenous, 33 hexafluoroisopropylidene, 61 hydraulic, 75 hydrodynamic, 50 hydrogen, 10 ignition, 11 impedance, 53 improvement, 17, 20, 21, 38, 39, 53 infrared, 22, 50, 72 intelligent, 65, 76 interfacial, 14, 56 interphase, 57 inversion, 12, 52, 58 Inverter, 30 ionic, 5 island, 35 iteration, 25 Karanja, 33 kinetic, 19, 26 laser, 13

leachate, 15 leakage, 9 Life Cycle Assessment, 67 liquid, 19, 55, 62, 79 localization, 1 location-based, 1 logic, 34 marine, 15, 17, 18, 39 mass, 19, 64 material, 14, 17, 19, 20, 24, 53, 59, 79 Material Flow Analysis, 67 mechanical, 6, 16, 59, 79 membrane, 52, 69 Meretrix Lyrata, 33 methane, 10, 62 microchannel, 41 microstrip, 37 milling, 72 mixed matrix, 52, 54, 58 mixed matrix membrane, 56, 58 modulation, 30 MOORA, 13 mortar, 6 multi-holes, 59 multi-input converter, 23 multi-objective, 47 multiphase, 2 multiple-codeword, 32 multiple-objective, 13 nanocomposite, 57 nanofiber, 52 nanofluid, 41 nanoparticles, 12, 50, 57 nanopowders, 11 noise, 32, 40 noise map, 40 non-equilibrium, 41 NOx, 77 ocean, 9, 17 oedometer, 18, 39 optimization, 13, 25, 47 Over-consolidation ratio, 27 overruns, 3 oxidation, 46, 62, 77 palm oil, 18, 39, 75 palm oil mill, 75 parabolic concentrator, 51 particles, 2, 18, 45, 52, 57, 58 partition, 36 performance, 3, 19, 23, 30, 32, 36, 37, 38, 41,

42, 51, 60, 63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 76, 77 permittivity, 38, 57, 78 pervasive, 1


photoelectrode, 53 photoelectron, 46 PID controller, 25 polyethyleneimine, 12 Poly-lactic Acid, 20 polysulfone, 12 porosity, 28 porous, 41 power, 21, 26, 42, 68 Power Amplifier, 68 power regeneration, 26 Precipitation, 31 pressing, 34 pressure, 5, 19, 24, 46, 55, 66 probabilistic, 5, 16 production planning, 44 programmable, 34 progressive, 36 pyrometer, 72 quarry, 6 Quasi-Z-Source, 30 radiation, 31, 38, 72 Radiation, 31 Radio Frequency, 68 railway, 40 reaction, 10, 22, 33, 61 reactor, 10 recovery, 36 relational, 13 relaying channel, 32 remanufacturing, 44 renewable, 16, 20, 21, 23, 42, 75 Resources, 22, 31, 70 response, 25 Response, 30 retention, 75 rice, 20, 37 risk, 5, 47 robot, 26 roof, 35 Ruben’s tube, 43 safety, 40, 47, 60, 71 salinity, 15 satellite, 4 scatter, 76 sensitivity, 5 separation, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 69 Shale gas, 28 shear, 14, 17, 27 silicon, 63 silicon-on-insulator, 63 simulation, 23, 26, 30, 32, 34, 37, 44, 45, 47,

55, 65, 68, 76, 78

sodium hydroxide, 20 soil, 4, 17, 18, 27, 39, 80 soil moisture index, 4 solar cell, 53 solute, 36 species, 5 spectroscopy, 12, 22, 33, 46, 50, 53, 62 sphere decoding, 32 spun pile, 8 Stabilization, 80 standing wave, 43 stearic acid, 49 straw, 20 stress-strain, 14 stub technique, 65 substituent, 54 supercritical fluid extraction, 19 surface, 4, 38, 50, 54, 78 synthesis, 22 technology, 1, 24, 35, 39, 63, 65, 72, 73 Temperature, 31, 55 tensile, 6, 16, 49, 59 Tensile, 49 thermal, 10, 41, 46, 51, 52, 58, 79 thermodynamics, 48 thin film, 22 Total organic contents, 28 toxicity, 5 train, 40 transesterification, 33, 42 Transient, 30 transportation, 65, 76 Triaxial, 80 turbulent, 2 urban, 35, 45 viscosity, 42, 53 viscous, 41 voltage, 21, 22, 23, 26, 78, 79 wall, 14 waste, 67 water, 5, 8, 12, 17, 31, 41, 70, 71, 75, 78, 80 Weibull, 16 wideband, 37, 38, 65, 68 Wi-Fi, 1 wind, 21, 45 winding, 24 XFEM, 59 x-ray, 46 zeolite, 56

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