ged academy provide an opportunity for adults who have not graduated from high school to earn a high...
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GED Academy
Provide an Opportunity for Adults Who Have Not Graduated from High School to Earn a High School Equivalency Diploma
by Taking and Passing These Tests
Mission
Test Design
Language Arts, Writing 120 50 + EssayLanguage Arts, Reading 65 40Social Studies 80 50Science 80 50Mathematics 90 50
435
TestNumber of Questions
Length(in minutes)
Overall Design
• Communication: Written & Visual Text• Information Processing• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Overall Design
Measured Skills on GED Test
Communication: Written Text
• Informational texts• Historical, political, social/cultural texts• Texts representing different groups• Different kinds of literature texts
Overall Design
Graphs, charts, maps, photos, cartoons,figures, diagrams, timelines
Communication: Visual Text
Overall Design
50% Science Test60% Social Studies Test
50% Math Test
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Emphasis on Higher Order Skills
Overall Design
Language Arts, ReadingComprehension 20%
Analysis 30-35%Synthesis 30-35%
Social Studies Comprehension 20%
Application 20%Analysis 40%
Evaluation 20%
Language Arts
Language Arts, Writing
Multiple Choice SectionTypes of Text (Full-Page Format)
“How to” Documents
Informational Mailings
Memos, Letters
Language Arts, Writing
Workplace and Community Documents Letters
Memos
Reports
Applications
Executive Summaries
Brochures/Informational Letters
Language Arts, Writing
Workplace and Community Documents How to write a memo
Organizing meetings
Balancing a checkbook
Holding a garage sale
How to plan a party
How to apply for college
How to organize one’s day
Using equipment, i.e. operating a printer
(A)(1) Looking for a pet you might consider acquiring a dog. (2) However, choosing a member of the canine
species is not a light matter. (3) Where you live, your financial resources, how you live, all of these have to be thought out before you make a decision you don't wish to regret in the future.
(B)(4) Your living accommodations and their location will have a lot to do with the size of dog you buy. (5)You
may live in an apartment with no easy access to the great outdoors. (6) A large dog such as a Saint Bernard would not be a good option. (7) Another issue with big dogs are that they mind the heat dreadfully, and unless your home is air-conditioned, the heat they give off as they pant will only make you warmer. (8) If you are fussy about the cleanliness of your home, you probably don't want a big dog in it with big feet to track in dirt. (9) Big dogs need lots of space to move about in comfortably. (10) Also, long-haired dogs present problems of your own with shedding hair and dirt. (11) They required a lot more grooming than short-haired breeds.
(C) (12) Dogs cost money to keep. (13) It takes a real commitment to earmark resources for veterinary services,
annual shots, unanticipated illnesses, porcupine quills if we live in the country, and grooming. (14) Feeding the dog may also be an issue as table scraps don't cut it for today's Rover. (15) A high quality diet is required by him, and the larger he is the more of it he needs. (16) Finally, your own lifestyle has to match the dog you choose to share your life. (17) Do you have children? (18) Then the dog must be from a breed that was gentle and not too high-strung. (19) Dogs themselves also need companionship for they are social creatures. (20) In your absence, chewing your favorite possessions may become your dog's favorite pastime. (21) Of course, you could always get another dog to be his pal!
(D)(22) Before you decide to acquire a dog, think the matter threw carefully so that your decision isn't one you
will eventually regret.
Language Arts, Writing“How to” Document
Micro-level Sentence EditingReader Evaluates the Accuracy of the Writer’s use of Standard Edited American English (SEAE)
Language Arts, Writing
Sentence Structure
Usage
Mechanics
Macro-level Document EditingReader Evaluates the Writer’sAbility to Communicate Effectivelywith the Reader
Language Arts, Writing
Organizational Items
Language Arts, Writing
Overall Document EditingAdd, Remove or Reposition a Sentence
Overall CoherenceEffective Topic SentenceSequencing of ParagraphsTransition of Sentences Among Paragraphs
Bridge Multiple Choice and Essay
Language Arts, Writing
To: State of Tennessee
Office of Vital Records
Nashville, Tennessee [Zip]
From: Michael Norsworth
774 Kane Ave.
Apt. 47
Natan, New Jersey [Zip]
Dear Sir/Ms:
(A)
(1) I need a copy of my birth cirtificate. (2) The reason is because I am applying for Social Security. (3) There has been much discussion recently at both the state and national level concerning ways to ensure Social Security survives. (4) I phoned Clarksville, Tennessee, where I was born, but the Department of Health and Vital Statistics could not locate it. (5) To contact you, I was advised by them.
Memorandums, Letters: Organization/Paragraph Division
Language Arts, Writing
(B)
(6) First, my full name is Arthur Michael Stevens, although I am usually addressed as Michael. (7) And having used it most of my life, so that all my records with the exception of my birth certificate are under that name. (8) My father’s name was David Jackson Norsworthy, my mother’s maiden name was Charlotte Mason Eaton. (9) Also, my mother was living, when I was born, in Bastrop at home with her family while my father worked in Sterlington.
(C)
(10) Second, according to the Social Security office, several types of certificates is not acceptable. (11) I have to send them the original document, so if I do not have the original, I must send a copy certified by the person who is the custodian of the original record. (12) Also, cannot be sent copies signed by a notary public.
(D)
(13) In fact, of all the types of copies available, I think a certified copy would be most beneficial. (14) This copy should be printed on “security paper” have a raised Department of Health seal, and have the issuance date stamped on it.
(E)
(15) Thank you for your assistance in this matter. (16) Enclosed is a check for $25.00 to cover the cost of the certificate as well as postage. (17) If you have questions or needing further information, I must be contacted at 225/335-6937 between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. (EST).
Sincerely,
Michael Norsworthy
Memorandums, Letters: Organization/Paragraph Division
Language Arts, WritingOrganization Item
Which would be the most effective sentence to insert at the beginning of paragraph B?
Add a Sentence
1. The following information should prove useful in your search for my certificate.2. There are not many facts about my life that you don’t already know, so I will just ask you to get my first name correct.3. The name on my birth certificate is not the name that most people I know recognize as my name, but I know that you will know the difference.4. For your information, I changed my name, which my parents did not like for me to do.5. To help you find my birth certificate, let me provide you several reasons for changing my first name.
Language Arts, WritingOrganization Item
MoveWhich revision would improve the organization of the document?
1. Combine paragraphs A and B
2. Start a new paragraph with sentence 8
3. Combine paragraphs B and C
4. Combine paragraphs C and D
5. Combine paragraphs D and E
Language Arts, WritingRemove or replace
Sentence 3: There has been much discussion recently at both the state and national level concerning ways to ensure Social Security survives.
Which revision should be made to the sentence 3 within the document?
1. Move it to the beginning of paragraph A
2. Move it to the end of paragraph A
3. Move it to the end of paragraph B
4. Move it to follow sentence 10
5. Remove sentence 3
Direct Writing Assignment Expository Essay
Language Arts, Writing
Generate, organize, connect and express ideas
No required word count; sufficient development to communicate the ideas effectively
37% to 40% language arts, writing test scores
Essay Topic Framework
Part one
• Question or Informative Statement (Non-Controversial/Not an Assertion)
Part two
• Instructions Derived from Part One• Guiding Toward an Expository Essay• Opportunity to use Personal Experience, Observations, and Knowledge
Language Arts, Writing
Topic F
If you could make one positive change in your dailylife, what would that change be?
Language Arts, Writing
In your essay, identify the one change you would make.
Explain the reasons for your choice. Use your personal observations, experience and knowledge.
4 3 2 1Effective Adequate Marginal Inadequate
Reader understands andEasily follows the writer’sExpression of ideas.
Reader understandswriter’s ideas.
Reader occasionally has difficultyunderstanding or following thewriter’s ideas.
Reader has difficulty identifying or following the writer’s ideas.
ResponseTo The Prompt
Presents a clearly focused mainidea that addresses the prompt.
Uses the writing prompt toestablish a main idea.
Addresses the prompt, though thefocus may shift.
Attempts to address prompt but with little or no success in establishing a focus.
Organization Establishes a clear and logicalorganization.
Uses an identifiableorganizational plan.
Shows some evidence of an organizational plan.
Fails to organize ideas.
DevelopmentAnd Details
Achieves coherent developmentwith specific and relevant detailsand examples.
Has focused but occasionallyuneven development;incorporates some specificdetail.
Has some development but lacks specific details; may be limited to a listing, repetitions, or generalizations.
Demonstrates little or no development; usually lacks details or examples or presents irrelevant information.
ConventionsOf EAE
Consistently controls sentencestructure and the conventions ofEdited American English (EAE).
Generally controls sentencestructure and theConventions of EAE.
Demonstrates inconsistent control of sentence structureand the conventions of EAE.
Exhibits minimal or no control of sentence structure and the conventions of EAE
Word Choice Exhibits varied and precise wordchoice.
Exhibits appropriate wordchoice.
Exhibits a narrow range of word choice, often including inappropriate selections.
Exhibits weak and/or inappropriate words.
Language Arts, Writing
Essay Scoring Guide
Language Arts, Writing
Scoring Rubric/Matrix for Essay 4 – Effective
3 – Adequate
2 – Marginal
1 – Inadequate
Language Arts, ReadingTypes of Text
Literary Text (75%)
Poetry
Drama
FictionPre 1920
1920 to 19601960 to present
Language Arts, ReadingTypes of Text
Non-fiction Text (25%)
Non-fiction ProseBiography, Critical Reviews of Fine
and Performing Arts
Workplace, Community Documents
Language Arts, Reading
Literary Text: Synthesis Questions
Bring additional information to presented text– About the author
Life: diaries, biographies Other works
– Related to the presented text Events occurring or characters appearing earlier or later Historical background
Language Arts, Reading
Literary Text: Synthesis Questions
At least one compare/contrast question
Expanded synthesis questions
200 – 400 word passages
Language Arts, Reading
Literary Text: Synthesis Questions
Old SeriesComprehension 60%
Application 15%Analysis 25%
2002 Series
Comprehension 20%Application 15%
Analysis 30%Evaluation 35%
Language Arts, Reading
What is the Best Wayto Learn a Lesson?
Here is an example of fiction prior to 1920.
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
A few days ago I asked my children's governess, Julia Vassilyevna, to come into my study.
“Sit down, Julia Vassilyevna,” I said. “Let's settle our accounts . . . . Now then, we
agreed on thirty rubles a month. . .”“Forty.”“No, thirty. I made a note of it . . . . Now then,
you've been here two months, so. . .”
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
“Two months and five days.”“Exactly two months. I made a specific note of
it. That means that you have sixty rubles coming to you. Subtract nine Sundays . . . you know you didn't work with Kolya on Sundays, you only took walks . Three holidays, therefore take off twelve rubles. Four days Kolya was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Vanya. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven - nineteen. Subtract . . . that leaves . . . hmm . . . forty-one rubles. Correct? . . .”
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
“Around New Year's you broke a teacup and saucer: take off two rubles. The cup cost more, it was an heirloom, but - let it go. When didn't I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect, Kolya climbed a tree and tore his jacket: take away ten. Also due to your heedlessness the maid stole Vanya's shoes. . . .So that means five more rubles off. The tenth of January I gave you ten rubles. . . .”
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
“Take twenty-seven from forty-one - that leaves fourteen.”
“Only once was I given any money,” she said in a trembling voice, “and that was by your wife. Three rubles, nothing more.”
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
“Really? You see now, and I didn't make a note of it! Take three from fourteen . . . leaves eleven. Here's your money, my dear. Three, three, three, one and one. Here it is!”
“Merci,” she whispered.I jumped up and started pacing the room. I was
overcome with anger.“For what, this – ‘merci’?” I asked.“For the money.”
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
“But you know I've cheated you, for God's sake - robbed you! I have actually stolen from you! Why this ‘merci’?”
“In my other places they didn't give me anything at all.”
“They didn't give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you . . . .I'm going to give you the entire eighty rubles! Here they are in an envelope all ready for you. . . .Why be silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws - to be such a nincompoop?”. . .
Language Arts, ReadingWhat is the Best Way to Learn a Lesson?
I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty rubles. . . . I looked after her and thought: “How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!”
Anton Chekhov, excerpted from “A Nincompoop,”
Checkov: Selected Stories, 1960.
Language Arts, Reading
How does this quotation relate to the passage?
Chekov once wrote in his notebook that “Man will become better only when you make him see what he is like.”
1. It clarifies Chekhov’s purpose in having the narrator of the story help the governess identify her behavior.
2. It reinforces Chekhov’s skill in capturing the governess’s anger.
3. It reveals Chekhov’s inability to depict the secondary characters mentioned in the passage.
4. It suggests that Chekhov’s goal as a writer was to use fiction to hide the flaws of humans.
5. It shows that Chekhov created characters who despised comments that would be considered critical.
Language Arts, Reading
Purpose of the Writing
Facts Presented
Cause/Effect Relationships
Expected Outcome/Action
Non-fiction Prose: Reading QuestionsEvaluate
Social Studies
50 Questions
History 40% (20 Questions) US/Canada Specific (12 Questions) Global (world) ( 8 Questions)
Civics 25% ( 13 Questions)Economics 20% ( 10 Questions)Geography 15% ( 7 Questions)
Social Studies
• Visual Text (60%)
• Written Text
Social Studies
Practical Documents (Discretionary)
Key Documents (Constant)
Cartoons, photos, timelines, graphs, charts
Advertisements, Voter Guides, Insurance Forms, Tax Forms
Constitution, Declaration of Independence,Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
• More History, Civics and Government Content
Social Studies
Major Changes
• More history, civics and government content
• More visual processing skills required
• Higher order thinking skills required
• “Key” historical documents
Social Studies
American HistoryMajor periods and development
• Colonization through westward expansion• Civil War• Industrialization• Armed conflict and global economic depression• Postwar and contemporary United States• Enduring issues and current challenges
Social Studies
World HistoryMajor periods and development
• Early civilizations and the great empires• World religions• Feudalism through the era of expansion• Global age• Revolutions• Armed conflicts• 20th Century
Social Studies
GeographyThe world in spatial terms
• Places and regions• Physical systems• Human systems• Environment and society• Uses of geography
Social Studies
Civics and GovernmentDemocracy, citizenship and foreign relations
• Politics and government• The American political system• Constitutional democracy• Relationship of United States to other nations• Roles of citizens
Social Studies
EconomicsEconomic theory and consumerism
• Economic reasoning and choice• Comparison of modern economic systems• Production and consumers• Financial institutions• Government’s role in the economy• Labor• Global markets
Social Studies
Major Changes
Interdisciplinary and Everyday Life
Social Studies
FormatProse only
Graphic or visual only
Prose and graphic combination
QuestionsSingle 40%
Item Sets 60%
Science
Science
“In a world filled with the products of scientific inquiry, scientific literacy has become a necessity for everyone. Everyone needs to use scientific information to make choices that arise every day.”
National Science Education Standards: An Overview,
National Academy of Sciences, 1995.
• Life Science Biology and Health 45% 23 Items
• Earth & Space Science 20% 11 Items
• Physical Science Chemistry & Physics 35% 16 Items
Science
Life Science: Biology & Health Fundamental Understandings
• The Cell• Molecular Basis of Heredity• Interdependence of Organisms• Matter, Energy, and Organization in Living Systems
Science
Earth and Space ScienceFundamental Understandings
• Energy in the Earth System• Origin and Evolutions of the Earth System• The Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Science
Physical Science: Chemistry and PhysicsFundamental Understandings
• Structure of the Atom• Structure and Properties of Matters• Chemical Reactions• Motions and Forces• Interactions of Energy and Matter
Science
Scientific Understandings Higher Order Thinking Skills
• Unifying Concepts: Systems, Order, Organization• Science as Inquiry• Science as Technology• Science in Personal and Social Perspectives• History and Nature of Science
Science
Mathematics
• Numbers, Numbers Sense, & Operations 20-30%• Data, Statistics, & Probability 20-30%• Geometry & Measurement 20-30%• Algebra, Functions, & Patterns 20-30%
Mathematics
• Two Separate Booklets – One Score• One Answer Sheet• 20% (10) Alternate Format Questions
Mathematics
• Scientific Calculator Casio FX-260 Permitted– 50% Questions (25)– Calculators Provided by GEDTS at
Official GED Testing Center
“Calculator used as a tool to eliminate tedium of complex calculations in realistic settings.”
Mathematics
Booklet One
Calculator Choice
3 + 4 x 5 =
a. 12b. 19c. 23d. 35e. 60
Mathematics
Booklet Two
Mathematics
• Estimation and Mental Math Emphasized– Calculator Not Permitted – 50% (25) Questions
Two Alternate Format Types – 20% Questions
• Booklet One: Six Standard Grids and One Coordinate Plane Grid
• Booklet Two: Two Standard Grids and One Coordinate Plane Grid
Mathematics
Mathematics
Alternate Formats
The Grid
Right JustifiedLeft Justified
Centered
Grid for Alternate Format Grid for Plotting Coordinates
Mathematics
Test Scoring
Standard Score Scale
When a passing standard score on a single test is 410, it may beinterpreted as40% = “F” grade
To eliminate confusion, the2002 Series GED Test Score Scalewill change to
807570656055
45
35302520
50
41
200-800
800750700650600550
450
300
200
500
Standard Score Scale
350300250
410
California Councilfor Adult Education
GED Academy
Slide Presentation RevisionJack Schuster