ged the door to your future: social studies world history:15% of the test world history:15% of the...

GED the door to your future:

Social Studies

• World History:World History: 15% of the test15% of the test• US History:US History: 25% 25% of the of the

testtest• Government:Government: 25% of the test25% of the test• Economics:Economics: 20% of the test20% of the test• Geography:Geography: 15% of the test15% of the test

The Foundations of US History and US

Government“That government is best which

governs least.” Thomas Paine

“governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed” Thomas Jefferson

“I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death.” Patrick Henery

Important Documents in US History

• The Declaration of Independence

• The Constitution

• The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

Signed on July 4, 1776

Written by Thomas Jefferson

Explains why the American colonies declared independence from England

The Declaration of Independence Continued

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

The Constitution

• Signed September 17, 1787

• Written to strengthen the federal government and provide the structure of our government

• After reading The Constitution, Thomas Jefferson said that it need a Bill of Rights

• The Bill of Rights was adopted in Dec. 15, 1791 and added to the Constitution as Amendments

• The Bill of Rights spells out freedoms guaranteed to American Citizens under the Constitution

The Constitution Continued

The Preamble to the ConstitutionWe, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America.

The Bill of RightsRights Guaranteed by the Constitution:

Amendment I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.


Amendment II

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.


Amendment IV

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.


Amendment V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Our Government

What type of government do we have in the US?

What are the three branches of Government?

Why are there three branches of government and what are their roles?

The Executive BranchThe Presidency:

Approves laws that the congress makes: he may sign a bill and it becomes law or choose not to sign it; that is called a veto.

He cannot make laws, that is the responsibility of the congress.

The president is the head of state; he meets with other world leaders and can enter into treaties.

He is the commander of the military. He can send the military to other countries but must have congresses approval to declare war.

A president’s term is four years; he may serve only two terms

The Legislative Branch

The CongressThe Congress is made up of two houses:

The Senate and the House of Representatives

Each state has two senators: There are 100 Senators total. Do you know ours?

The number of congressmen vary from state to state; what determines the number of congressmen?

The Legislative BranchHow a Bill becomes Law

A senator or congressmen introduces a bill.The bill is assigned a number and given a

name; usually the name of the sponsor.The bill goes to committee where it may be

altered to satisfy other house or senate members.

The bill is voted on and passed to the other chamber. (Senate to the House, or House to the senate)

If it passes both Houses it goes to the presidents desk; if he signs it, it becomes a law.

The Judicial Branch

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States.

It responsibility is to assure that laws passed by congress are in line with the Constitution and the Bill of rights.

The Supreme Court only hears about 150 cases a year.

Understanding Political Cartoons

This is an original cartoon by Benjamin Franklin about the American Revolution.

Understanding Political Cartoons

Symbolism: using simple objects to stand for larger concepts.

Exaggeration: overdoing the physical characteristics of people of things.

Analogy: a comparison between two unlike things.

Irony: the difference between the way things are and what they are expected to be.

Understanding Political CartoonsSymbols

Uncle Sam: United States

Donkeys: Democrats

Elephants: Republicans

The Statue of Liberty: Freedom

Eagle: American Strength and Freedom

Understanding Political CartoonsExaggeration

President G.W. Bush portrayed as a cowboy with oversized ears


Condoleeza Rice:


Hilary Clinton:

Bill and Hilary Clinton

Understanding Political CartoonsAnalogies

Here a serpent and a woodpecker represent Hitler before WWII

Understanding Political CartoonsIrony: The difference between the way things are from what

they are expected to be. Can you see the irony in this

cartoon?

Who is the gunner and who is holding the ammo?

Understanding Political CartoonsOccasionally the images can be very powerful, as in this last cartoon.

Economics

Systems

Terminology and Vocabulary

Principles

The World Economy and Globalization

Economic Systems

Capitalism: Market Economy, Free Enterprise, Free Trade

Command Economy: Socialism and Communism

Mixed Economy: Has both Capitalistic and Socialistic Components in the Economy

Economic Vocabulary

Supply and Demand

Inflation

Depression and Recession

Industrialization Global Economy and Globalization

Economic Principles

The Laws of Supply and Demand: What makes an item valuable?

Maps and Graphs

•Physical Maps•Political Maps•Historical Maps•Demographic Data•Contour Maps•Globes

What can we learn from this map?

What does this map tell us about living in the Northwest?

More Demographic Data: Income Chart for Washington

Because incomes fluctuate greatly in the ten years between counts, the Census cannot provide us with income trends. Rather, it takes a snapshot of income levels and depicts a general picture of income rise, fall and change.

Demographic Information in a Graph: Ethnic Population of Washington

Compare Data from Washington State to Yakima County

Washing State Yakima County

What are the approximate percentages of people with a high school diploma from Washington? From Yakima County?