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TRANSCRIPT
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Generation IV Nuclear Power: Nuclear Energy Approach in the 21st Century to Global Warming Challenge
Pavel V. TsvetkovDepartment of Nuclear EngineeringTexas A&M [email protected]
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• Part 1: Global Warming Challenge• Part 2: Nuclear Energy• Part 3: Energy Supply and Demand• Part 4: Nuclear Power• Part 5: Sustainability
Nuclear Energy
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Part 1:Global Warming Challenge
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Greenhouse EffectThe downward emission warms the surface.Without it, the average temperature would be -18oC
Increase in the effect will further warm the surfaceand will change the climate
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Greenhouse Effect
Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2oC abovepre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to1.5oC above pre-industrial levels would significantly reduce the risks andimpacts of climate change
Mitigation target of the Paris Agreement, Article 2
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Global Warming Challenge
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Global Warming Challenge
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Global Warming Challenge
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Global Warming Challenge
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Global Warming Challenge
Mitigation Potential of Nuclear Power
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Global Warming Challenge
Impact of Climate Change on Contemporary Nuclear Power Supply
Nuclear Capacity Utilization and Ambient Temperatures
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Part 2:Nuclear Energy
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Energy Released by Nuclear Reactions
Light nuclei (hydrogen, helium) release energy when they fuse (Nuclear Fusion)
The product nuclei weigh less than the parent nuclei
Heavy nuclei (Uranium) release energy when they split (Nuclear Fission)
The product nuclei weigh less than the original nucleus
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Nuclear Energy
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Nuclear Energy
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Nuclear Energy
• Specific energy yield from fission• The energy process is a nuclear reaction, not a chemical
process.• Potential for long-term operation on a single batch of fuel• Potential autonomy of operation• Emissions are limited to the controlled thermal pollution• Ability to deliver electricity and industrial heat
Advantages (under normal operation scenarios):
Engineering:• Highly regulated safety design leading to low
probabilities for accidents with high consequences• Nuclear waste management• Security
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Part 3:Energy Supply and Demand
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Energy Supply and Demand
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Energy Supply and Demand
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Energy Supply and Demand
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Energy Supply and Demand
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Energy Supply and Demand
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Energy Supply and Demand
• Energy consumption today• Energy needs through the 21st century• Energy sources and end-use sectors in the U.S.• Fossil fuel reserves• Nuclear and renewable energy• Energy and the environment• Meeting our energy challenges in a new era of
science
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Part 4:Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
450 units in operation11% of world’s electricity
98 units in U.S.20% of U.S. electricity2 new builds in progress
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
Mitigation Potential of Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
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Nuclear Power
• Navy carriers and civilian nuclear fleet applications• Portable nuclear power for remote regions without
reliable fuel supply chains• Deep space missions
Areas where use of nuclear energy is essential:
Areas where use of nuclear energy is beneficial:• Base load electricity generation• Potable water production• Industrial heat applications• District heating• Control and minimization of greenhouse gas emissions
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Nuclear Power – Fusion?
Fusion reaction is difficult to start!High temperatures (Millions of degrees) in a pure
High Vacuum environment are required
Technically complex and high capital costreactors are necessary
More Research and Development is needed to bring concept to deploymentThe physics is well advanced but requires
sustained development on a long time scale (20 to 40 years)
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Part 5:Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
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New Nuclear Example
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New Nuclear Example
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New Nuclear Example
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New Nuclear Example
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Sustainability
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Generation IV Nuclear Power: Nuclear Energy Approach in the 21st Century to Global Warming Challenge
Pavel V. TsvetkovDepartment of Nuclear EngineeringTexas A&M [email protected]
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April’s Pop Quiz
How many nuclear plants are in operation in U.S. and worldwide?
In U.S. Worldwide
A – over 10,000 A – over 100,000B – about 100 B – about 1000C – 50 C – about 500
98 to be exact 450 to be exactin 30 states (11% of world electricity)(20% of domestic energy)