gender analysis-key conceptual tools

7/28/2019 Gender Analysis-Key Conceptual Tools

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What is Gender Analysis?

Social analysis to distinguish the

resources, activities, potentials andconstraints of women relative to men ina given socio-economic group

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What is Gender Analysis?

Who does what?

Who has what?

Who decides? How?

Who wins? Who loses?

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Gender Analysis Concepts

Gender Division of Labor/Gender Roles

Access to and Control of Resources andBenefits

Condition and Position

Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Genderinterests

Transformatory Potential

Gender unaware and aware policies andprograms

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Gender Division of Labor

Men and women are assigned differentroles, responsibilities and activitiesaccording to what society considers

appropriate.

Furthermore, these roles are given relativevalues.

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Gender Division of Labor

Men and women have multiple rolesmostly related to work:

productive reproductive community

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Productive Role

Work that involves the production ofgoods and services that usually can be

exchanged for cash or kind. Both menand women engage in productive work,but women's work is usually undervaluedand often invisible.

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Reproductive RoleActivities carried out to reproduce and carefor children and household.

Includes child birth, child rearing and familyplanning, food preparation, water and fuelcollection, shopping, housekeeping andfamily health care.

It is usually unpaid, manual work donemostly by women and girls

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Community Role

Community work includes ceremonies andcelebrations, local politics or provision ofcommunity services such as health clinicsand communal kitchens.

Although both men and women participate

in community work, men's community workis often valued more and is sometimes paid.

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Women's community work is oftenundervalued and provided on a mostly

volunteer basis. For women, it often is anextension of reproductive/household

work.

Community Role

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Access and Control ofResources and Benefits

Access is the opportunity to use

something.

Control is being able to define and imposeits use.

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Access and Control of

Resources and BenefitsResources include time, money, land etc.used to carry out activities. They can be

defined in political, financial, productive etc.terms.

Benefits are the result of the use of a

resource and include basic needs, money,asset ownership, education and status.

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The distinction between the everyday

condition men and women faceand

theirpositions in society.

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Condition refers to our material state andour immediate environment. This usuallyincludes basic needs and our daily

routine.

Position, on the other hand, refers to

women's economic, social and politicalstanding relative to men.

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Most development policies and

programmes attempt to addresswomen's condition but not their position

in society.

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Practical Gender Needs

andStrategic Gender Interests

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Practical Needs & Strategic Interests

Practical gender needs (PGNs) arise from a

persons condition

Strategic gender interests (SGIs) arise from apersons position in social relations of gender

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Practical Gender Needs

PGNs are immediate perceived needs

that are a result of the gender division oflabor and related to mens and women'scondition.

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Strategic Gender Interests

Interests that are related to improvingthe relative position of women and men.

They result from womens subordinateposition and mens privilege. Thereforemen do not share these with women.

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PGNs/SGIs

Addressing PGNs does not automaticallychallenge women's subordination.

PGNs and SGIs are not mutuallyexclusive. Addressing PGNs is importantand may be a precondition for women toidentify their SGIs.

Addressing SGIs can sometimes be donewhile addressing PGNs. Depends on

how PGNs are addressed

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PGNstend to be

immediate andshort-term

unique toparticular men and

women

relate to dailyneeds and GDOL

SGIs

tend to be long term

common to almost allmen and women

relate todisadvantagedposition

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PGNseasily identifiable

can be addressedby provision ofspecific inputs

(food, handpumps,clinic)

SGIs

not always easilyidentifiable

can be addressed byconsciousness raising,increasing self-confidence, education,strengtheningwomensorganizations

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Addressing PGNs

tends to involvewomen asbeneficiaries andperhaps asparticipants

can improve theconditions of women

generally does notalter traditionalgender roles andrelationships

Addressing SGIs involves women asagents or enableswomen to becomeagents

can improve theposition of women insociety

can empower womenand transform genderrelationships

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Transformatory Potential

Acknowledges both men and womenmaintain and accept gender roles andrelations, they are affected by them,

but then also can challenge andtransform them

Considering the transformatory

potential of an initiative can show ushow PGNs can be met in ways thathave the potential of transformingpower relations

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Gender Unaware Policy Gender Unaware policy design and analyses are those

which are implicitly premised on the notion of a maledevelopment actor

While couched in gender-neutral language, they areimplicitly male-biased in that they privilege maleneeds, interests and priorities in the distribution of

opportunities and resources.

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Gender Aware Policy Gender neutral - accurate assessment of the existinggender division of resources and responsibilities

Gender specific - intended to target and benefit aspecific gender in order to achieve certain policy goals

Gender transformative - interventions designed to

transform gender relations more equitably

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gender analysis-key conceptual tools

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