GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT:GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT:AN EXECUTIVE APPRECIATION AN EXECUTIVE APPRECIATION

Commission on AuditMay 19, 2009

Concepts, Policies, Principles and Mandates

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES

1. Better understanding, appreciation and support to government’s gender equality policy and strategies

2. Improved capability to use the GAD Budget

COVERAGE COVERAGE

• GAD concepts, principles, and mandates

• The GAD budget: Making it work (without tears)

Part I

GAD concepts, principles, and mandates

DEVELOPMENT:DEVELOPMENT:What’s the bottomline?What’s the bottomline?

Attaining aAttaining afull andfull andsatisfying lifesatisfying lifefor all!for all!

Attaining a full and satisfying life for all is a shared responsibility...Attaining a full and satisfying life for all is a shared responsibility...

of of everyoneeveryone, regardless of , regardless of age, sex, religion, ethnicity age, sex, religion, ethnicity or classor class

of of governmentgovernment as duly mandated as duly mandated authorityauthority of of those who benefit or sufferthose who benefit or suffer

from the lack of itfrom the lack of it

of of everyoneeveryone, regardless of , regardless of age, sex, religion, ethnicity age, sex, religion, ethnicity or classor class

of of governmentgovernment as duly mandated as duly mandated authorityauthority of of those who benefit or sufferthose who benefit or suffer

from the lack of itfrom the lack of it

For individuals, the performance of this responsibility requires:For individuals, the performance of this responsibility requires:

the capacity TO DO and

the capacity TO BE

the capacity TO DO and

the capacity TO BE

For governments, the responsibility to promote the attainment of a full and satisfying life for all means --

For governments, the responsibility to promote the attainment of a full and satisfying life for all means --

protecting people’sprotecting people’s rightsrights

creating creating opportunitiesopportunities for the for the development of peoples’ development of peoples’ abilities and individualabilities and individual strengthsstrengths

Peoples’ capacity TO DO and TO BE may be enhanced through a variety of government efforts, such as:

• building of roads and other infrastructures, • providing social services, • creating economic opportunities, etc.

Peoples’ capacity TO DO and TO BE may be enhanced through a variety of government efforts, such as:

• building of roads and other infrastructures, • providing social services, • creating economic opportunities, etc.

BUT THESE ARE NOT ENOUGH . . .BUT THESE ARE NOT ENOUGH . . .

Infrastructures, social services, and economic opportunities that don’t take into consideration the different needs of women and men and their rights, are bound to --

Infrastructures, social services, and economic opportunities that don’t take into consideration the different needs of women and men and their rights, are bound to --

disadvantage women,disadvantage women,

fail in attaining their desired results,fail in attaining their desired results,

and cause wastage of resources.and cause wastage of resources.

What is it?What is it?What is it?What is it?

GENDER:GENDER:

GENDERGENDER is often confused with is often confused with SEXSEX, but they are , but they are differentdifferent

SEXSEX refers to natural biological refers to natural biological attributes of women and men; attributes of women and men;

unchanging and universal unchanging and universal

GENDERGENDER refers to characteristics, refers to characteristics, roles, beliefs, perceptions, roles, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes and other factors attitudes and other factors attributed to women and men attributed to women and men by societyby society

culturally ascribed, changing,culturally ascribed, changing,misconceived as “natural”misconceived as “natural”

box and limit women and men’s box and limit women and men’s capabilities capabilities to doto do and and to beto be

need to be considered in need to be considered in making decisions and making decisions and

allocating resourcesallocating resources

GENDER: What’s the big fuss?GENDER: What’s the big fuss?

• a globally - recognized development a globally - recognized development perspective; acknowledges that perspective; acknowledges that development affects people differentlydevelopment affects people differently

• women’s roles are important and women’s roles are important and should be maximizedshould be maximized

• women and men should be assisted in women and men should be assisted in attaining their full potentialsattaining their full potentials

• advocates that planning deliberately advocates that planning deliberately address the unique needs and situations of address the unique needs and situations of

womenwomen

Then, what is Gender and Development?

they prevent people from attaining they prevent people from attaining their full potentials their full potentials

they exacerbate social inequitythey exacerbate social inequity

they distort understanding of social they distort understanding of social realities and limit the impacts ofrealities and limit the impacts of

development effortsdevelopment efforts

GADGAD is about recognizing that gender is about recognizing that gender biases IMPEDE developmentbiases IMPEDE developmentbecause: because:

GAD is about being faithful to the GAD is about being faithful to the principle that:principle that:

Full equality and development for women and Full equality and development for women and men is anchored on a vision of development men is anchored on a vision of development that is equitable, sustainable, and free from that is equitable, sustainable, and free from violence, respectful of human rights, violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination, and the supportive of self-determination, and the actualization of human potentials, and actualization of human potentials, and participatory and empowering..participatory and empowering..

KEY PRINCIPLESDevelopment planning and practice should:

KEY PRINCIPLESDevelopment planning and practice should:

deliberately ADDRESS OBSTACLES towomen’s effective participation and enjoyment f benefits

EXPAND women’s range of CHOICESand OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTHEN their capabilities to attain a full and satisfying life

BRIDGE the gender gap PROMOTE gender equality

CEDAW Concluding CommentsCEDAW Concluding CommentsTranslation of CEDAW in national legislation

Revision of discriminatory provisions in national laws

Strengthening of the national machinery on women

Elimination of violence against women

Elimination of gender stereotyping

Implementation of the Anti-trafficking in Persons Act and elimination of exploitation in prostitution

Elimination of exploitation in prostitution

CEDAW Concluding CommentsCEDAW Concluding CommentsPromotion and protection of women migrants’ rights

Participation of women in public and political life

Lessening the adverse impact of trade liberalization to women

Promotion and protection of women’s reproductive health and rights

Empowerment of rural, indigenous and Muslim women

Acquisition of legal divorce

Engendering the MDGs

Linking CEDAW, BPFA and MDG

Beijing Platform of Action, 1995 (4th World Conference on Women

Beijing Platform of Action, 1995 (4th World Conference on Women

Strategic actions to realize women’sStrategic actions to realize women’sadvancement in 12 areas:advancement in 12 areas:

- poverty- poverty - education and training - education and training- health- health - violence against women - violence against women- armed conflict- armed conflict - institutional mechanisms - institutional mechanisms- human rights- human rights - power and decision making - power and decision making- media - media - economy - economy- environment- environment - girl child - girl child

MDGsMDGs

GOAL 3GOAL 3: Promote gender equality and : Promote gender equality and empower womenempower women

GOAL 5GOAL 5: Improve maternal health: Improve maternal health

ConstitutionConstitution

The State recognizes the role of women in The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote the nation building and shall promote the fundamental equality before the law of fundamental equality before the law of women and menwomen and men(Art. II, Sec. 14)(Art. II, Sec. 14)

Part II

GAD BUDGET POLICIESMaking GAD Budget Work

RA 7192 (Women in Development and RA 7192 (Women in Development and Nation Building Act)Nation Building Act)

“In support of the full benefits of gender-responsive planning, external and domestic resources shall be increasingly mobilized for utilization by national and local government agencies to support programs and projects for women.”

MANDATES ON THE GAD MANDATES ON THE GAD BUDGETBUDGET

RA 7192RA 7192All government agencies shall review andAll government agencies shall review andrevise all their regulations, circulars,revise all their regulations, circulars,issuances, and procedures to issuances, and procedures to remove remove gender biasesgender biases therein therein

AllocateAllocate 5-30 percent of ODA to 5-30 percent of ODA toprograms and projects for womenprograms and projects for women

Executive Order 273 (Philippine Plan Executive Order 273 (Philippine Plan for Gender-responsive Development, for Gender-responsive Development, 1995-2025)1995-2025)

“All government agencies, departments, bureaus, offices and instrumentalities, including government-owned and controlled corporations, at the national and local levels are directed to incorporate GAD concerns in their annual budget proposals and work and financial plans.”

EO 273EO 273

To institutionalize GAD efforts in To institutionalize GAD efforts in government by government by incorporating GADincorporating GAD concerns, as concerns, as spelled out in the Plan, in their planning, spelled out in the Plan, in their planning, programming and budgeting processes to: programming and budgeting processes to:

… … incorporate GAD … in agencyincorporate GAD … in agencyperformance contracts indicating KRAs performance contracts indicating KRAs for GAD … and annual agency budgetfor GAD … and annual agency budgetproposals and work and financial plansproposals and work and financial plans(EO 273, 1 - 1.2.2)(EO 273, 1 - 1.2.2)

Section 29, General Appropriations Act (GAA), 2009

“All departments, including their attached agencies, offices, bureaus, SUCs, GOCCs, LGUs and other instrumentalities shall formulate a GAD Plan designed to address gender issues.. The cost of implementing the GAD Plan shall be at least 5% of the agency’s FY 2009 budget appropriations

DBM, NEDA and NCRFW Joint Circular 2004-01

Provides NGAs/SUCs/GOCCs with

(a) Guidelines and procedures for the formulation and submission of agency annual GAD plans and budgets, and GAD accomplishment reports (b) Mechanics for the development of PAPs that promote gender-responsive governance, women’s human rights and women’s economic empowerment

Attaining gender equality requires systematic planning

A plan, no matter how great it is, is only as good as its implementation

A plan without a budget cannot be implemented effectively if it does not have a budget

Thus,

… a GAD plan without a budget

is a joke!

CHALLENGESGAD plans submitted only for compliance

Lack of sex-disaggregated data crucial for gender analysis and GAD planning

Weak political and popular support

Limited technical capabilities and expertise of agencies and LGUs on gender planning and budgeting

Inability to influence mainstream macro policies and programs and total budget

Lack of mechanisms to track progress and measure impact; monitoring

WAYS FORWARDwith

COA

The Gender Budgeting Forum of May 2008…

The Philippines as FIRST in Asia to conduct a Gender Budget Audit

Affirmed COA as a POWERFUL BODY to monitor and prevent agencies from misuse of the GAD budget

The GAD FOCAL POINT of CLARRDEC was reinstated as a result of COA’s Gender Budget Audit

ACTIONS FOR COA Issue the guidelines for Gender budget

audit Include state obligations to human rights

treaties incl CEDAW Include ODA and GAA

Continue calling attention of agencies and LGUs re GAD budget in audit findings

Document good practices in utilization of the GAD budget